具有锐钛矿骨架结构TiO2介孔分子筛的合成

在“酸-碱对”合成高度有序TiO₂介孔分子筛的基础上, 引入具有促进质子转移作用的硝基甲烷作为晶化助剂, 增强了合成体系中无机-无机之间相互作用力. XRD, TEM, BET, UV-Vis表征表明, 成功合成了骨架为锐钛矿的高度有序TiO₂介孔分子筛. 研究发现, 适量晶化助剂是成功合成的关键.     

低浓度液体酸介质中快速合成SBA-15分子筛

通过在低浓度无机液体酸介质中添加少量磷钼酸(HPMo), 成功地合成了高度有序的SBA-15介孔分子筛. N₂吸附-脱附、XRD、TEM和水热稳定性实验等检测结果表明: 用这种方法不仅可以大幅度降低合成SBA-15分子筛所需液体酸的用量和缩短晶化时间, 同时反应产物SBA-15在100 ℃的水中处理72 h后仍然保持六方有序的介孔结构.     

简易模板剂法制备多级介孔TiO2微球及其在染料敏化太阳能电池中的性能

采用模板剂法一步合成分级结构的介孔TiO₂微球, 考察了烷基胺类模板剂中烷基链长度对介孔TiO₂微球合成及性能影响. 将其应用于染料敏化太阳能电池的光阳极半导体薄膜中, 得到了9.5%-10.1%的高能量转换效率. X射线衍射(XRD)、物理吸附仪(BET)、扫描电镜(SEM)等的分析结果表明: 分级结构介孔TiO₂微球的晶相为纯锐钛矿型; 介孔TiO₂微球表面粗糙, 的纳米粒子堆积形成, 使微球具有介孔性质和较适宜的比表面积. 介孔TiO₂微球堆积形成了利于物质扩散的通道并具有良好的光散射效果; 同时微球介孔粗糙表面保证了染料的大量吸附, 从而提高了电池的光电流. 通过电化学阻抗分析结果验证了分等级结构介孔TiO₂微球光阳极有利于电解液的传输和物质扩散的优异性能.     

核壳结构TiO2@SiO2催化碳酸二甲酯与苯酚酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯

以反相微乳液法和沉淀法相结合制备了核壳结构TiO₂@SiO₂,首次用于碳酸二甲酯与苯酚酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯反应,显示较好的催化活性. 采用200 ℃焙烧的TiO₂@SiO₂,用量0.20 g,反应9 h,苯酚转化率达41.8%,酯交换选择性为100%. 透射电镜显示TiO₂@SiO₂核厚壳薄,TiO₂核直径220-300 nm,SiO₂壳厚度40-60 nm,具有介孔结构. TiO₂@SiO₂对碳酸二甲酯与苯酚酯交换反应有好的重复使用性,使用4次苯酚转化率仍保持在40%以上. TiO₂与SiO₂发生相互作用,Ti进入骨架形成Ti-O-Si键,骨架Ti的形成提高了TiO₂@SiO₂的催化性能.     

Tb(DBM)3phen/APTES-SBA-15介孔复合体系的制备与表征

以三嵌段化合物P123为模板剂、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为无机硅源合成了有序介孔分子筛SBA-15. 选择Tb(DBM)₃phen为客体, 纳米级介孔分子筛为主体, 在氯仿中进行分子组装, 制备具有强发光性能的超分子纳米复合材料Tb(DBM)₃phen/APTES-SBA-15. 采用XRD, HRTEM, N₂吸附/脱附, FTIR和荧光光谱分析等对复合材料的结构与性能进行了研究.     

Tb(DBM)3phen/APTES-SBA-15介孔复合体系的制备与表征

以三嵌段化合物P123为模板剂、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为无机硅源合成了有序介孔分子筛SBA-15. 选择Tb(DBM)₃phen为客体, 纳米级介孔分子筛为主体, 在氯仿中进行分子组装, 制备具有强发光性能的超分子纳米复合材料Tb(DBM)₃phen/APTES-SBA-15. 采用XRD, HRTEM, N₂吸附/脱附, FTIR和荧光光谱分析等对复合材料的结构与性能进行了研究.     

苯官能化MCM-41的合成、表征、磺酰化及与二胺的反应

以三乙氧基硅基苯((C₂H₅O)₃Si-Ph，（(triethoxysilyl)benzene，TESB)以及正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）的混合液为硅源，以溴代十六烷基吡啶(CPBr)为模板剂，在HCl介质中合成了苯官能化的有机-无机杂化介孔分子筛MCM-41。对合成的分子筛用FT-IR、PXRD、TEM、N₂吸附-脱附等手段进行了表征。结果表明，合成的苯官能化的有机-无机杂化介孔分子筛具有良好的介孔孔道结构。用三甲基氯硅烷对分子筛表面的Si-OH进行了封端处理，用氯磺酸对合成的苯官能化的有机-无机杂化介孔分子筛进行了磺酰化，并与各种二胺进行了反应。     

两段变温法水热合成多级孔ZSM-5分子筛及其催化裂化性能

以四丙基氢氧化铵（TPAOH）为单一模板剂,采用低温老化、高温晶化2段变温法合成出了球状多级孔ZSM-5分子筛。利用XRD、FT-IR、NH₃-TPD、SEM、TEM以及氮气吸-脱附等测试对合成样品进行了表征。结果表明：直径约为2 μm左右的球状多级孔ZSM-5分子筛颗粒内的晶间介孔和大孔主要由棒状纳米晶堆积而成的,该产品具有较大的比表面积和介孔孔容。同常规水热法一步合成的微孔ZSM-5分子筛相比,2段变温法合成的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛具有更高的B酸/L酸比例（C_BP/C_LP）、强酸/弱酸比例（C_s/Cw）以及活性位可接近性指数（ACI）。催化裂化评价结果显示,得益于活性位可接近性指数等指标的提高,球状多级孔ZSM-5分子筛比常规合成的微孔ZSM-5分子筛具有更高的转化率和丙烯收率等优异的催化性能。     

染料敏化太阳能电池中大孔TiO2薄膜电极的制备及应用

采用溶胶-凝胶水热法制备了TiO₂纳晶薄膜电极，晶型为锐钛矿型。为了提高电极的光电性能，利用聚苯乙烯小球做造孔剂，制备了含有大孔隙的TiO₂纳晶薄膜电极，孔径约为200 nm，该电极具有较好的光漫反射性能，更重要的是球形大孔的存在，提高了凝胶电解质在TiO₂薄膜电极中的渗透和I₃^-离子的扩散性能，与不含大孔的TiO₂电极相比，电池的短路光电流提高约2 mA·cm^-2，光电转换效率提高0.6%。     

晶种导向干凝胶法制备成型ZSM-5分子筛

在干凝胶法制备ZSM-5 分子筛的体系中添加晶种导向剂, 控制分子筛的生长, 制备了纳米沸石组装的无粘结剂成型多级孔ZSM-5 分子筛, 一步完成纳米分子筛的制备及组装成型, 即克服了传统纳米粒子难以过滤分离的问题, 同时组装所形成的多级孔有助于改善分子在催化剂内的扩散, 从而提高催化反应效率. 以硅胶、薄水铝石为原料, 四丙基氢氧化铵(TPAOH)和ZSM-5 晶种导向胶作为粘结剂, 通过混捏、挤条得到直径2 mm的条状前驱物, 随后通过干凝胶转换法制备成型分子筛. 所用晶种导向剂组成为0.35TPAOH:1SiO₂:20H₂O:4C₂H₅OH. 通过X射线衍射(XRD), 热重(TG)分析和傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱等方法对分子筛晶化过程进行了表征, 结果表明晶种导向剂加入量对分子筛生长速度及多级孔结构均有影响. 当所加晶种导向剂中TPAOH与SiO₂的摩尔比为0.025时, 经过3 h晶化, 分子筛相对结晶度达到100%. 扫描电镜(SEM)结果表明, 合成的分子筛尺寸约为200 nm, 组装形成的多级孔分子筛的介孔体积为0.28 cm³·g^-1. 通过NH₃ 程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)考察了所得成型分子筛的酸性, 发现该分子筛酸性与市售的粉末H-ZSM-5分子筛类似.     

Preparation and characterization of vanadium oxide deposited on thermally stable mesoporous titania

Vanadium oxide was deposited on mesoporous titania by the molecular designed dispersion method to investigate the potential properties of these catalysts. Mesoporous titania was synthesized following the evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) method with a subsequent treatment with ammonia to increase the thermal stability. As a result, the mesoporous titania obtained shows a high surface area (approximately 350 m2/g) and high stability. Vanadium oxide was deposited by the MDD method using a vanadyl acetylacetonate complex that was transformed into VOx after a controlled calcination in air flow at 300 degrees C. The mesostructure and porosity characteristics of titania remain even until the maximum V-loading was reached (0.4 mmol/g), as it was shown by N2 sorption measurements at -196 degrees C. The catalysts were characterized by chemical analysis, Fourier transform infrared-photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS), UV-vis diffuse reflectance (DR), and Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectra showed isolated V species for the different V-containing catalysts. Furthermore, UV-vis-DR revealed a higher contribution of polymeric species as the V loading increases. The VOx/mesoporous titania catalysts were highly active in the selective catalytic reduction of NOx. A high activity in the NO conversion was observed, which increases with increasing metal loading.     

The effects of the crystallization rate of the mesoporous TiO2 on the stability of the mesoporous structure after reflux

A simple synthetic method was employed to prepare mesoporous titania with anatase crystalline walls and high photocatalytic activity. The properties and structures of mesoporous titania were characterized by means of low angle and wide angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform (FT)-IR spectra, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and N₂ adsorption–desorption. The characteristic results clearly show that crystallization rate of the mesoporous titania affects the stability of the mesoporous structure after reflux, and that the anatase crystal in the mesoporous wall of mesoporous titania can stabilize the mesoporous structure. The photocatalytic activity of titania powder was evaluated from an analysis of the photodegradation of methyl orange under UV irradiation. The results indicate that the titania powder with mesoporous structure shows the highest photocatalytic activity.     

含 TiO2(B) 介孔氧化钛材料的制备、特性和应用

 综述了近年来本课题组依据材料化学工程研究思想, 对含 TiO2(B)(一种比金红石和锐钛矿相结构更松散的氧化钛晶型) 介孔氧化钛材料在制备、结构和性能方面所取得的研究进展. 该介孔材料由二钛酸钾经水合、离子交换和热处理得到, 具有良好原子尺度晶格匹配界面特征的锐钛矿和 TiO2(B) 核壳结构. 研究表明, 该介孔材料在兼备高比表面积、高晶化孔壁和高热稳定性的同时, 还表现出良好的纳米颗粒担载稳定性, 在光催化、油品加氢精制、药物载体、固体酸催化和电化学电容器等方面已凸显出良好的应用潜力和推广价值. 目前该新型含 TiO2(B) 介孔氧化钛材料已经实现低成本、规模化制备.     

硫和银共掺杂介孔TiO2的制备表征及光催化活性

以P123为模板,以钛酸四正丁酯、硝酸银和硫脲为原料采用模板法制备了一系列硫和银共掺杂介孔TiO2光催化材料。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、BET和紫外-可见光谱（UV-Vis）等技术对其形貌、晶体结构及表面结构、光吸收特性等进行了表征。以甲基橙溶液的光催化降解为模型反应, 考察了不同掺杂量的样品在紫外和可见光下的光催化性能。结果表明：用模板法制备的共掺杂介孔TiO2光催化材料在紫外和可见光条件下较纯介孔TiO2和单掺杂介孔TiO2对甲基橙溶液具有更好的光催化降解效果, 且硫和银的掺杂量及样品焙烧温度显著影响该材料的催化性能。当硫掺杂量为2%（mol）和银掺杂量为1%（mol）,在500℃焙烧2 h所得光催化材料的催化性能最佳, 4 h即可使甲基橙的降解率达98.8%,重复使用4次仍可使甲基橙的降解率保持在87.5%以上。因此, 以该模板合成法, 通过硫和银的共掺杂有望使TiO2成为一种低或无能耗、高活性的绿色环保型催化材料。     

New method to synthesize mesoporous titania by photodegradation of surfactant template

Mesoporous titania has been successfully synthesized by photodegradation removal of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as the surfactant, after slow hydrolyzation of titanium(IV) isopropoxide. Fourier transform infrared spectra proved that photodegradation has successfully decreased the peak areas of the alkyl groups from the template. The nitrogen adsorption analysis showed that the pore size and the specific surface area of the mesoporous titania were 3.7 nm and 203 m² g⁻¹, respectively, proving the mesoporosity of the titania obtained with the existence of the interparticle mesoporosity which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Based on X-ray diffraction results, the mesoporous titania obtained was in the form of crystalline anatase phase. Furthermore, results from the diffuse reflectance ultra violet-visible spectra showed that the composition of tetrahedral titanium(IV) was more than the octahedral titanium(IV). When the mesoporous titania obtained was used as a catalyst in the oxidation of styrene, an improvement in the conversion of styrene (38%) was observed when compared to those obtained using Degussa P25 TiO₂ (14%) as the catalyst.     

Visible light photocatalyst: iodine-doped mesoporous titania with a bicrystalline framework

Iodine-doped (I-doped) mesoporous titania with a bicrystalline (anatase and rutile) framework was synthesized by a two-step template hydrothermal synthesis route. I-doped titania with anatase structure was also synthesized without the use of a block copolymer as a template. The resultant titania samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, nitrogen adsorption, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. Both I-doped titania samples, with and without template, show much better photocatalytic activity than commercial P25 titania in the photodegradation of methylene blue under the irradiation of visible light (>420 nm) and UV-visible light. Furthermore, I-doped mesoporous titania with a bicrystalline framework exhibits better activity than I-doped titania with anatase structure. The effect of rutile phase in titania on the adsorptive capacity of water and surface hydroxyl, and photocatalytic activity was investigated in detail. The excellent performance of I-doped mesoporous titania under both visible light and UV-visible light can be attributed to the combined effects of bicrystalline framework, high crystallinity, large surface area, mesoporous structure, and high visible light absorption induced by I-doping.     

Chemistry of NO2 on oxide surfaces: formation of NO3 on TiO2(110) and NO2<-->O vacancy interactions

Synchrotron-based high-resolution photoemission, X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy, and first-principles density functional (DF) slab calculations were used to study the interaction of NO(2) with a TiO(2)(110) single crystal and powders of titania. The main product of the adsorption of NO(2) on TiO(2)(110) is surface nitrate with a small amount of chemisorbed NO(2). A similar result is obtained after the reaction of NO(2) with polycrystalline powders of TiO(2) or other oxide powders. This trend, however, does not imply that the metal centers of the oxides are unreactive toward NO(2). An unexpected mechanism is seen for the formation of NO(3). Photoemission data and DF calculations indicate that the surface nitrate forms through the disproportionation of NO(2) on Ti sites (2NO(2,ads) --> NO(3,ads) + NO(gas)) rather than direct adsorption of NO(2) on O centers of titania. Complex interactions take place between NO(2) and O vacancies of TiO(2)(110). Electronic states associated with O vacancies play a predominant role in the bonding and surface chemistry of NO(2). The adsorbed NO(2), on its part, affects the thermochemical stability of O vacancies, facilitating their migration from the bulk to the surface of titania. The behavior of the NO(2)/titania system illustrates the importance of surface and subsurface defects when using an oxide for trapping or destroying NO(x)() species in the prevention of environmental pollution (DeNOx operations).     

介孔Al2O3负载PdO催化甲烷燃烧反应性能

采用浸渍法制备了介孔Al2O3(M-Al2O3)负载PdO催化剂,考察了其催化CH4燃烧反应性能.结果表明,以M-Al2O3为载体的PdO催化剂活性比普通Al2O3载体高得多,这很可能与M-Al2O3的孔道结构对PdO物种的限域作用有关.随着PdO/M-Al2O3催化剂焙烧温度的升高,甲烷催化燃烧活性先增加后降低,其中700oC焙烧的催化剂活性最高,400oC反应时CH4转化率为91%.此时Pd物种主要以PdO颗粒形式高度分散在载体的介孔孔道内,而高温焙烧时,Pd物种主要以Pd和PdO的混合晶相存在.尽管900oC焙烧制得的催化剂上CH4的转化率降低,但TOF值最大,这可能与该催化剂中同时存在金属Pd和PdO有关.     

Preparation of ordered mesoporous TiO2 thin film and its application in methanol catalytic combustion

Ordered mesoporous titania thin films were synthesized by evaporation induced self‐assembly process in the presence of Pluronic block copolymers P123 (EO₂₀‐PO₇₀‐EO₂₀). The influence of several experimental parameters, including aging humidity, aging temperature, substrate properties and methods for organic templates removal, on the mesostructure of titania thin films was investigated in details. The mesoporous titania thin film supported Pt catalyst was prepared, and its methanol catalytic combustion performance was studied. The results showed that mesoporous titania thin film is an active support for catalyst. Mesoporous titania thin film supported platinum catalysts yields 70% methanol conversion at room temperature and 100% conversion at 100 °C. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Photochemical investigation of Roussin's red salt esters: Fe2(mu-SR)2(NO)4

The photochemistry of various Roussin's red ester compounds of the general formula Fe(2)(SR)(2)(NO)(4), where R = CH(3), CH(2)CH(3), CH(2)C(6)H(5), CH(2)CH(2)OH, and CH(2)CH(2)SO(3)(-), were investigated. Continuous photolyses of these ester compounds in aerated solutions led to the release of NO with moderate quantum yields for the photodecomposition of the ester (Phi(RSE) = 0.02-0.13). Electrochemical studies using an NO electrode demonstrated that 4 mol of NO are generated for each mole of ester undergoing photodecomposition. Nanosecond flash photolysis studies of Fe(2)(SR)(2)(NO)(4) (where R = CH(2)CH(2)OH and CH(2)CH(2)SO(3)(-)) indicate that the initial photoreaction is the reversible dissociation of NO. In the absence of oxygen, the presumed intermediate, Fe(2)(SR)(2)(NO)(3), undergoes second-order reaction with NO to regenerate the parent cluster with a rate constant of k(NO) = 1.1 x 10(9) M(-1) s(-1) for R = CH(2)CH(2)OH. Under aerated conditions the intermediate reacts with oxygen to give permanent photochemistry.