Position—dependent dynamics of a trapped ion in a standing wave laser

We have investigated the position-dependent dynamics of a trapped ion in a standing wave laser by transforming it to the Jaynes－Cummings-type system under the Lamb－Dicke limit. A variety of novel phenomena are exhibited, e.g. periodic collapse and revival features and long-time scaled revivals of the ionic inversion, depending on its position in the standing wave. Our result provides a way of producing a system equivalent to the two-photon Jaynes－Cummings model in the trapped ion system, with its exact periodicities.     

Controlling the Orientation and Alignment of Reagent Molecules by a Polarized Laser

The expressions used for controlling the alignment and orientation of reagent molecules are derived.The problem to the control of the orientation and alignament of reagent molecules by the polarization direction and propagation direction of laser is discussed.     

Diode-Pumped Passively Q-Switched Yb：YAG Microchip Laser with a GaAs as Saturable Absorber

A passively Q-switched Yb: YAG microchip laser has been constructed by using a doped GaAs as the saturable absorber as well as the output coupler. At 13.5 W of pump power the device produces high-quality 3.4μJ 52ns pulses at 1030nm with a pulse repetition rate of 7.8 kHz in a TEM00-mode.     

Blue Generation in a Periodically Poled LiTaO3 by Frequency Tripling and 1342 nm ND:YVO4 Laser

We report on an efficient blue light generation in periodically poled LiTaO3 by the frequency tripling of a quasicontinuous 1342nm Nd:YVO4 laser.The period of the sample was 14.778μm.Blue light with an average power of 138mW was generated from a 18 mm long crystal in a single-pass process under an average fundamental power of 713mW.The internal conversion efficiency was 19.3%.     

Influences of Modulated Noise on Normalized Intensity Fluctuation in a Single-Mode Laser

The influences of the two forms of modulated noises,i.e.the bias signal-modulated noise and the direct signalmodulated noise,on the normalized intensity fluctuation (NIF) are investigated,and the results of the two forms of modulation are compared in detail,We find that a minimum for the case of the bias signal modulation appears in the curve of the dependence of the NIF upon the quantum and pump noise intensities when the correlation coefficient between the quantum noise and the pump noise is negative.However,the NIF for the case of the direct signal modulation is independent of the correlation coefficient between the two noises.Moreover,at the same parameter region,the NIF for the bias signal modulation is only one-eighth as much as.that for the direct signal modulation.     

Reducing Thermal Effect in End-Diode-Pumped Laser Crystal by Using a Novel Resonator

We report a new way, i.e. double-end-pumping, to extend the stability range of a laser resonator, in advantage of making the thermal loading be effectively divided between the ends of the laser crystal to reduce the thermal effect, thus to extend the stability range. Using this new way, we experimentally obtained a 2.7-W cw laser source at 671 nm by intracavity frequency doubling of 1342nm ofa Nd:YVO4 laser based on the nonlinear crystal LIB3O5. The maximum pump power is 28 W, which is higher than 13 W of the single-end-pumping.     

Determination of Thermal Conductivity of Liquids by a Multi-Point Laser Pump Method

As an advanced optical method, a multi-point pump method is presented for measurements of thermo-physical properties of liquids. Meanwhile, based on the laser-induced thermal grating method, a new theory model is presented and used to analyse the thermal effects caused by the multi-point laser pump, by which the thermal conductivity of liquids can be obtained. The results of some typical liquids, such as water, ethanol and acetone, are presented and are consistent with those of acknowledged values, demonstrating that the multi-point method is simple and useful for characterizing thermal properties of liquids.     

Generation of a Dark Hollow Beam inside a Cavity

A new method is introduced to generate a hollow beam inside a cavity.Using a matrix eigenvalue method,the laser resonator with optical diffraction elements is theoretically analysed and simulated.The hollow beam can be obtained theoretically by controlling the parameters of the diffraction functions.After designed the diffraction components in the cavity,a hollow beam of good quality is realized experimentally using a YAG solid state laser.     

Supercontinuum Generation in a Photonic Crystal Fibre

Nearly 1000-nm broad continuum from 390 nm to 1370 nm is generated in a 2-m long photonic crystal fibre. The maximum total power of supercontinuum is measured to be 60mW with the pumping power of 800mW output from a 200-fs Ti:sapphire laser. The evolution of the pumping light into supercontinuum is experimentally studied in detail. It is found that the mechanism for supercontinuum generation has direct relations with Raman effect and soliton effect, and the four-wave mixing plays an important role in the last phase of the supercontinuum generation.     

Passive mode locking of a Nd：YAG laser with co－doped Nd, Cr：YAG as saturable absorber

We demonstrate the characteristics of relatively low saturation intensity using co-doped Nd, Cr:YAG as saturable absorber for passively mode locking the Nd:YAG laser. The difference of the saturation intensity between Q-switched and mode-locked operation in co-doped Nd, Cr:YAG was only one to two orders of magnitude, while Cr:YAG was generally reported at a difference of five orders of magnitude. More than 80% mode locking modulation depth was achieved at an incident pump power of 4.4W, corresponding to an intracavity intensity of 6×10^4W/cm^2, using a 68cm long plano-concave cavity.     

Investigation of External Optical Feedback Resistance of IC—DFB and GC—DFB Lasers Using a Very Simple Experimental set—up

We study the external optical feedback resistance of both index-coupled(IC) and gain-coupled distributed feed-back(DFB) lasers using a very simple experimental set-up.Though IC-DFB lasers with large coupling coefficients are found to be less sensitive to external reflection,they suffer from mode instability at high injection level.On the other hand ,the introduction of gain-coupling mechanism can significantly improve both the immunity of external optical feedback and the single mode yield of the device.     

Continuous-variable Entanglement in a Correlated Spontaneous Emission Laser

We discuss the generation and evolution of entangled light in a correlated spontaneous emission laser in the linear regime. The master equation for the two-mode cavity field is derived and solved analytically in phase space. The time-dependent characteristic function in the Wigner representation for the two-mode field is obtained. It shows that the two-mode field in the cavity evolves in a two-mode Gaussian state. The entanglement degree of the two- mode field in the cavity increases initially, then decreases, and finally vanishes as the field evolves from an initial vacuum. The period of the entanglement is extended as the intensity of the driving field is increased. It is found that the entanglement still exists even when the two-mode squeezing disappears. During the entanglement period, the intensity of the field is amplified. The entanglement for the initial field being a two-mode squeezed vacuum and the entanglement of the output field are also discussed.     

A Novel Method for Measuring the Absolute Phase of a Few—Cycle High Intensity Laser

The effect of the absolute phase of the few-cycle driving laser field on the generation and measurement of highorder harmonic attosecond pulses is investigated theoretically.We find that the generated attosecond soft-x-ray pulse is locked to the oscillations of the driving laser field,but not to the envelope of the laser pulse,and the intensity ratio of two adjacent attosenond pulses is exponential as a function of the absolute phase.Based on these results,we propose a novel method to detect the absolute phase of the driving laser field by measuring the spatial distribution of the photoelectrons induced by the attosecond soft-x-ray pulse and the driving laser field.     

Relativistic Electron Acceleration in a Wake Field Generated by the Intense Femtosecond Laser Interaction with a Mixture Jet of Deuterium Clusters and Molecules

High energy electron acceleration in a wake field generated in the intense ultrashort （30fs） laser pulse cluster gas jet interaction is experimentally demonstrated. Relativistic electrons with energy of 60 MeV were observed. These high energy electrons split into two beams due to the relativistic self-focusing of the laser.     

Fabrication of Microstructures in LiF Crystals by a Femtosecond Laser

We report the space-selective formation of colour centres and refractive index change in LiF crystals at room temperature by an 800nm Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser irradiation. Optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra have been measured for the crystal before and after the laser irradiation. The absorption spectra indicate F and F3^ colour centres are induced in LiF after the laser irradiation. When the temperature of heat treatment reaches 300℃, the absorption peak disappears, indicating that the induced colour centres are bleached. The induced refractive index change is also evaluated. A mechanism for the formation of colour centres and refractive index change is proposed.     

Multi-Phase Flow and Heat Transfer of a Micro-Pump Thermally Driven by a Multi-Output Pulse Laser

We present an experimental study of multi-phase flow and heat transfer in a micro-tube induced by a multi-output pulse laser. Extensive flow and heat transfer measurements and visualization experiments have been carried out to characterize the micro-pump behaviour under various conditions. The experiments reveal extremely unsteady and complex flow patterns in the micro tube with the flow closely related with generation and collapse of bubbles.It is found that the flow rates are controlled by the heating and condensation conditions within the tube. The laser pulse duration, pulse interval and output-power as well as the tube diameter all show a strong influence on the flow rate of the micro-pump. This study provides a basis for the design of thermally-driven micro-pump induced by a pulsed laser beam.     

Optical Pulse Generation with Different Repetition Rates in a Dual—Wavelength Actively Mode—Locked Fibre Ring Laser

We propose a simple configuration for dual-wavelength operation in an actively mode-locked fibre ring laser with fibre Bragg gratings.We experimentally demonstrate simultaneously mode-locked operation with two wavelengths at different repetition rates:one is harmonically mode-locked and the other is rational harmonically mode-locked.     

Green Output of 1.5 W from a Diode-Pumped Intracavity Frequency-Doubled Self-Q-Switched and Mode-Locked Cr,Nd：YAG Laser

We report a diode-pumped intracavity frequency-doubled self-Q-switched and mode-locked Cr,Nd：YAG/KTP green laser with a Z-type cavity, which produces 1.5 W of average power at 532nm with incident pump power 14.2 W. The individual mode-locked green pulse duration is about 560ps with 149 MHz repetition rate. Almost 100% modulation depth of the mode-locked green pulses is achieved at an incident pump power of 4.13 W. The maximum energy of Q-switched green pulse is 19.8μJ. The experimental results of pulse duration and pulse energy of Q-switched green pulse agree well with the theoretical calculations.     

New nonlinear dynamics in a semiconductor laser with optical self—feedback

We demonstrate a new kind of instability of the external cavity semiconductor laser,In some parameter regimes,the external cavity system will produce short and strong optical pulses in aperiodic intervals.This instability also shows low-frequency characteristics.