三联吡啶-萘酰亚胺二元化合物的合成及其与DNA的相互作用

本文合成了两种三联吡啶修饰的萘酰亚胺化合物NPI1和NPI2,并利用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、圆二色光谱(CD)、荧光共振能量转移(FRET)等方法研究了它们与双链CT DNA和Htelo G-四链体DNA的相互作用。实验结果表明,化合物NPI1和NPI2对G-四链体DNA具有很好的结合能力和选择性,溶液中的碱金属离子种类和萘酰亚胺基团上的取代基对NPI1和NPI2与DNA的作用有很大的影响。在含K+的缓冲液中,NPI2与G-四链体的结合常数达到1.06×108 L/mol,是与双链CT DNA结合常数的268倍。圆二色谱结果表明在不含碱金属离子的溶液中,NPI1和NPI2可诱导Htelo DNA形成反平行结构G-四链体。Autodock分子对接模拟表明NPI1和NPI2可以通过堆积作用、静电作用、氢键等作用方式与G-四链体结合,使得它们对G-四链体具有很高亲和性(Ka>107 L/mol)。     

吲哚并喹啉衍生物与G-四链体相互作用的分子模拟研究

G-四链体是富含鸟嘌呤碱基的DNA序列通过氢键相互作用形成的四链螺旋结构. 通过小分子化合物诱导与稳定端粒G-四链体从而抑制端粒酶活性是一种新的抗癌策略. 为了研究一系列吲哚并喹啉衍生物与端粒G-四链体的相互作用, 探究其相互作用模式, 从而为实现基于G-四链体结构的药物合理设计提供依据, 使用分子对接的方法构建了吲哚并喹啉衍生物与G-四链体复合物结构, 在此基础上进行分子动力学模拟, 并使用线性相互作用能(LIE)方法计算了化合物与G-四链体的结合自由能. 结果表明: 化合物与G-四链体的主要相互作用方式由氢键、静电与π-π堆积作用构成, 侧链末端基团类型和侧链的长短是影响相互作用强弱的重要因素. 通过LIE方法计算的结合自由能与实验结果基本吻合, 相关度达到r²＝0.79. 并且, 基于预测的结合模式, 总结了拥有更高活性的新型吲哚并喹啉衍生物应具有的几个结构特征.     

高选择性端粒G-四链体稳定性配体:9-O-多胺取代小檗碱衍生物的合成及活性评价

设计合成了3个多胺取代的小檗碱衍生物5a~5c, 并利用圆二色(CD)光谱、 荧光共振能量转移(FRET)熔点实验、 荧光光谱和聚合酶链反应(PCR)终止实验等手段研究了小檗碱衍生物5a~5c与端粒DNA的相互作用. 结果表明, 小檗碱衍生物5a~5c可以诱导端粒DNA序列形成反平行结构G-四链体, 显著地提高了端粒G-四链体的稳定性, 有效地抑制了端粒的扩增; 而与双链DNA的相互作用则很小, 是高选择性的端粒G-四链体配体.     

色胺修饰竹红菌素及其稀土离子配位聚合物与DNA相互作用研究

利用紫外-可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱、圆二色谱(CD)等方法研究了色胺修饰竹红菌素(DTrpHA)及其稀土离子配位聚合物(Y³⁺-DTrpHA, La³⁺-DTrpHA)与小牛胸腺DNA (CT DNA)和G-四链体22AG的相互作用.结果表明, DTrpHA及其配位聚合物中的色胺基团和竹红菌素基团均参与和双链CT DNA的作用,作用方式主要为沟槽作用.与G-四链体DNA作用后, DTrpHA及其配位聚合物中的色胺基团均具有较大的减色效应(> 45%)和峰位红移(≥ 4 nm),说明色胺基团与G-四链体采用外部堆积作用方式结合;而竹红菌素基团的减色效应相对较小且无明显峰位变化,表明竹红菌素基团采用非特异性作用方式与G-四链体的环区碱基或糖-磷酸骨架结合. G-四链体22AG的构象主要为分子内反平行结构,加入DTrpHA及其配位聚合物对G-四链体22AG的构象影响较小. Y³⁺-DTrpHA比DTrpHA和La³⁺-DTrpHA与G-四链体具有更强的相互作用. Y³⁺-DTrpHA使得CT DNA的熔解温度(T_m)上升了仅1.9 ℃,而使G-四链体的熔解温度上升了13.1 ℃.荧光嵌插剂置换实验 (FID)结果表明, Y³⁺-DTrpHA对G-四链体具有良好亲和性,具有较小的^G4DC₅₀值(使噻唑橙/G-四链体体系荧光下降50%所需配体或配合物的浓度)和较高的G-四链体选择性.     

聚乙烯胺类修饰萘酰亚胺衍生物的合成、DNA键合行为和活性研究

合成了二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺和四乙烯五胺等低分子量聚乙烯胺类修饰的萘酰亚胺衍生物.通过UV-Vis谱、荧光光谱、圆二色谱和热变性试验研究了合成化合物与小牛胸腺DNA的键合行为,同时通过四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)染色法研究了化合物对Bel-7402(人肝癌细胞)、HL-60(白血病细胞)、A549(人肺癌细胞)和Hela(人宫颈癌细胞)等细胞株的体外抗肿瘤活性,化合物NI1对A549细胞显示良好的抑制活性,优于阳性对照顺铂.     

溶液pH和阳离子对端粒G-四链体DNA形成和结构的影响

采用电喷雾质谱和圆二色谱研究了溶液pH和阳离子对人类端粒G-四链体DNA的影响. ESI-MS和CD谱图表明, pH可以引起G-四链体DNA的构象转变和离解, 而K^＋, NH₄^＋,阳离子对G-四链体DNA的形成有着重要的促进作用.     

细胞核定位的萘酰亚胺类衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤作用研究

以4-溴-1,8-萘酐为原料,经亲核取代反应合成了系列手性氨基醇修饰的萘酰亚胺衍生物NI1～NI8.四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法研究了其细胞毒性,发现含有伯羟基氨基醇修饰的萘酰亚胺衍生物中R型的细胞毒性好于S型异构体.经紫外光谱、荧光光谱和激光共聚焦实验研究了化合物(R)-2-(2-(二甲基氨基)乙基)-6-((1-羟基-2-丙烷基)氨基)-萘酰亚胺(NI1)和(S)-2-(2-(二甲基氨基)乙基)-6-((1-羟基-2-丙烷基)氨基)-萘酰亚胺(NI2)与DNA分子和HeLa细胞的相互作用,发现其能有效与脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)络合,键合常数达到104L·mol-1;且NI1和NI2与HeLa细胞作用可定位于细胞核.流式细胞实验结果显示NI1和NI2能够使细胞周期阻滞于S期而抑制细胞增殖.小鼠体内血液毒性结果显示NI1对血液中的红细胞、白细胞和血小板无明显影响.     

卟啉衍生物作为G-四链体DNA结合剂的研究进展

综述了卟啉衍生物作为G-四链体DNA结合剂的研究进展,其中涉及该类化合物作为G-四链体DNA结合剂的设计合成、亲和能力以及端粒酶抑制活性.     

萘酰亚胺多胺衍生物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

设计合成了萘酰亚胺的4种新的多胺衍生物并进行了体外抗肿瘤活性测试。结果表明,这些萘酰亚胺衍生物能够嵌入DNA碱基对中,并且比氨萘非特对肿瘤细胞具有更高的毒性和更好的选择性,其中化合物3b对4种肿瘤细胞的抑制IC50值分别为7.80、5.08、9.78和9.27μmol/L;高内涵活细胞成像系统结果显示,这些化合物可能是通过线粒体通路而导致的细胞凋亡。     

无标记筛选G-四链体小分子配体的荧光新方法

能够诱导端粒DNA(GDNA)形成G-四链体结构的小分子化合物具有重大的抗肿瘤意义。本文以天然抗肿瘤药物槲皮素为研究对象,基于N-甲基卟啉二丙酸Ⅸ(NMM)与G-四链体的特异性结合,以及配体加入NMM/GDNA体系前后荧光强度的变化,建立了一种简单快速、无需标记筛选G-四链体配体的新方法,并应用该方法考察了黄酮类化合物、生物碱类和有机酸类化合物对NMM/GDNA体系的影响。结果显示黄酮类化合物容易诱导端粒DNA形成G-四链体结构,而生物碱类和有机酸等比较困难。     

Sequence-dependent interactions of cationic naphthalimides and polynucleotides

The binding interactions of three naphthalimide derivatives with heteropoly nucleic acids have been evaluated using fluorescence, absorption and circular dichroism spectroscopies. Mono- and bifunctionalized naphthalimides exhibit sequence-dependent variations in their affinity toward DNA. The heteropoly nucleic acids, [Poly(dA-dT)]2 and [Poly(dG-dC)]2, as well as calf thymus (CT) DNA, were used to understand the factors that govern binding strength and selectivity. Sequence selectivity was addressed by determining the binding constants as a function of polynucleotide composition according to the noncooperative McGhee-von Hippel binding model. Binding affinities toward [poly(dA-dT)](2) were the largest for spermine-substituted naphthalimides (Kb = 2-6 x 10(6) M(-1)). The association constants for complex formation between the cationic naphthalimides and [poly(dG-dC)]2 or CT DNA (58% A-T content) were 2-500 times smaller, depending on the naphthalimide-polynucleotide pair. The binding modes were also assessed using a combination of induced circular dichroism and salt effects to determine whether the naphthalimides associate with DNA through intercalative, electrostatic or groove-binding. The results show that the monofunctionalized spermine and pyridinium-substituted naphthalimides associate with DNA through electrostatic interactions. In contrast, intercalative interactions are predominant in the complex formed between the bifunctionalized spermine compound and all of the polynucleotides.     

Naphthalimides and analogues as antitumor agents: A review on molecular design,bioactivity and mechanism of action

Our research improves the structure diversity of naphthalimide antitumor agents and distinct variances of antitumor targets and mechanism of action.     

Imide Condensation as a Strategy for the Synthesis of Core-Diversified G-Quadruplex Ligands with Anticancer and Antiparasitic Activity**

A facile imide coupling strategy for the one-step preparation of G-quadruplex ligands with varied core chemistries is described. The G-quadruplex stabilization of a library of nine compounds was examined using FRET melting experiments, and CD, UV-Vis, fluorescence and NMR titrations, identifying several compounds that were capable of stabilizing G-quadruplex DNA with interesting selectivity profiles. The best G4 ligand was identified as compound 3 , which was based on a perylene scaffold and exhibited 40-fold selectivity for a telomeric G-quadruplex over duplex DNA. Surprisingly, a tetra-substituted flexible core, compound 11 , also exhibited selective stabilization of G4 DNA over duplex DNA. The anticancer and antiparasitic activity of the library was also examined, with the lead compound 3 exhibiting nanomolar inhibition of Trypanosoma brucei with 78-fold selectivity over MRC5 cells. The cellular localization of this compound was also studied via fluorescence microscopy. We found that uptake was time dependant, with localization outside the nucleus and kinetoplast that could be due to strong fluorescence quenching in the presence of small amounts of DNA.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of new mono naphthalimide platinum(IV) derivatives as antitumor agents with dual DNA damage mechanism

Naphthalimide has emerged as an interesting DNA intercalator and possessed attracting antitumor properties. In this context, naphthalimide group was linked to platinum(IV) core to construct a series of new mono naphthalimide platinum(IV) derivatives. The title compounds exert effective antitumor activities to the tested tumor cells lines in vitro, especially the one with propionyl chain displays comparable or even better bioactivities than platinum(II) reference drugs cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Moreover, the mono naphthalimide platinum(IV) derivative displays comparable tumor growth inhibitory competence against CT26 xenograft tumors in BALB/c mice in vivo without severe toxic effects in contrast to oxaliplatin. A dual DNA damage mechanism was proven for the title complex. Both naphthalimide ligand and the liberated platinum(II) moiety could generate DNA lesions to tumor cells synergistically and active the apoptotic pathway by up-regulating the expression of caspase 9 and caspase 3. Meanwhile, the conversion of platinum(II) drug into tetravalent form by incorporating naphthalimide moiety increases the uptake of platinum in whole cells and DNA remarkably. All these facts might be the factors for the title platinum(IV) complexes to overcome platinum(II) drug resistance. Additionally, the mono naphthalimide platinum(IV) complex could interact with human serum albumin by hydrogen bond and van der Waals force which would further influence their storage, transport and bioactivities.     

Interactions of Phenanthroline Compounds with i-Motif DNA

The interactions of each of three phenanthroline derivatives 1, 2 and 3 with the human telomeric/-motif DNA were investigated. The results suggest these compounds are potent binders. The compounds could stabilize the structure of i-motif DNA by π-π stacking. Moreover, the binding constants of the compounds with/-motif DNA were （2.71-8.12）×10^4 L·mol^-1, and the binding stoichiometry ratio was 1：1. CD studies reveal that the binding by phenanthroline comoounds perturbs the conformation of i-motif DNA.     

Light-driven conformational regulation of human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA in physiological conditions

Human telomeric G-quadruplexes have raised broad interest not just due to their involvement in the regulation of gene expressions and telomerase activities but also because of their application in nanoarchitectures. Herein, three azobenzene derivatives 1-3 were synthesized with different substituent groups and their photo-isomerization properties were investigated by UV/Vis spectroscopy. Then circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD), fluorescence experiments and native-gel electrophoresis were performed to evaluate their capabilities of conformational photo-regulation both in the absence and presence of metal ions. The results suggested that the compounds synthesized can successfully regulate the conformation of human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA in K(+) conditions to some extent. This work will initiate the possibility for the design and intriguing application of light-induced switching to photoregulate the conformation of G-quadruplex DNA under physiological conditions, providing a possible pathway to control G-quadruplex conformation in biological applications and also expanding the potential use of G-quadruplexes in nanomachines.     

Cytotoxicities,Telomerase and Topoisomerases I Inhibitory Activities and Interactions of Terpyridine Derivatives with DNAs

A novel compound 4-methyl-7-{[4-(2,2':6',2'-terpyridin-4'-yl)benzyl]amino}-2H-chromen-2-one(1) was synthesized, and its DNA-binding properties, cytotoxicity, and telomerase and Topo I inhibitory activities were evaluated. For comparison, the anti-proliferative and Topo I inhibitory activities of another two analogues 2 and 3 were also investigated. Compound 1 is able to stabilize the structures of human telomere(h-tert) and promoter(c-myc and c-kit2) G-quadruplexes and h-tert i-motif. The association constants(K_b) are about 10⁶ L/mol for h-tert G-quadruplex and i-motif, while the values are about 10⁵ L/mol for both promoter G-qaudruplexes and calf thymus DNA(ct-DNA). The binding of compound 1 induces the change of h-tert G-quadruplex from hybrid to antiparallel structure and exhibits 88.7% inhibition of telomerase activity at 8 mmol/L. Both compounds 1 and 3 inhibit significantly Topo I-mediated relaxation of pBR322 DNA. Compounds 1 and 2 show a high inhibitory efficacy on HepG2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ values of about 10^-6 mol/L. The three compounds also induce a delay of cell cycle progression. The coumarin group is vital for improving the biological activity of terpyridine derivatives.