6-羟基染料木素与8-羟基染料木素的制备及生物活性研究进展

6-羟基染料木素(6-OHG)和8-羟基染料木素(8-OHG)是染料木素A环上C6或C8位发生羟基化反应生成的衍生物,其分子中有更多酚羟基,同时含有邻二酚羟基结构,这也使它们的生物活性与染料木素相比发生了显著变化。研究表明,6-OHG和8-OHG具有抗氧化、抗诱变、抑制磷酸二酯酶3B活性、抗糖化、保肝、抗黑色素生成作用、改善记忆力等广泛的药理活性。本文将对6-OHG和8-OHG的来源、制备方法和生物活性研究进行综述,以期为两个化合物的开发利用提供参考。     

小鼠血浆中染料木素水溶性代谢产物和染料木素脂肪酸酯的分离及测定

本文建立了小鼠灌胃染料木素单体后血浆中水溶性染料木素代谢产物和染料木素脂肪酸酯的分离及测定方法。血浆样品经乙酸乙酯萃取后上Sephadex LH-20柱,分别用体积比1∶1的正己烷/氯仿和甲醇洗脱,染料木素脂肪酸酯用脂肪酶酶解后转化成染料木素,水溶性代谢产物用葡萄糖醛酸酶及硫酸酯酶水解成染料木素,然后采用液相色谱串联飞行时间质谱(Q-TOF LC/MS)检测染料木素。血浆中染料木素在10～10000 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,检测限为1 ng/mL。10批次小鼠血浆中水溶性代谢产物平均为526.006 ng/mL,染料木素脂肪酸酯平均为58.976 ng/mL。采用SephadexLH-20柱具有良好的分离效果,脂肪酶水解染料木素脂肪酸酯稳定、专一性强,用Q-TOF LC/MS检测染料木素快速、灵敏。     

染料木素对骨质疏松性大鼠骨中7种微量元素的影响

目的探讨染料木素对骨质疏松性大鼠骨中微量元素的影响。方法用切除卵巢后引起大鼠骨质疏松的雌性大鼠进行了雌激素尼尔雌醇和染料木素(高、低剂量)的治疗。观察了5组(空白对照组、模型组、染料木素高剂量组、染料木素低剂量、尼尔雌醇组)大鼠股骨中Cu、Mn、Fe、Zn、Pb、Mg和Ca等微量元素的变化。结果统计学结果显示与骨质疏松模型组比较,尼尔雌醇和染料木素能提高去势大鼠骨质中Cu、Fe、Mn、Mg、Ca等元素的含量,尼尔雌醇组中的Zn含量提高,染料木素组中的Zn含量反而下降;尼尔雌醇组与染料木素组中Pb含量下降明显。结论说明染料木素的治疗作用并不是单一的,可以认为中药染料木素是通过发挥对人体整体的调节作用来调节骨骼中微量元素的变化,改变骨质的代谢情况,促进骨密度的提高。     

薄层扫描法测定槐角及槐角丸中染料木苷和总染料木素的含量

槐角(Fructus Sophorae)为豆科植物的干燥成熟果实,冬天采收,有人工栽培和野生,全国大部分地区有生产.槐角丸是由槐角、黄芩、枳壳、防风、当归、地榆组成的常用中成药,具有清肠疏风、凉血止血的功效.槐角在处方中是君药,而染料木素、染料木苷为槐角的主要成分,具有极强的抗癌活性、抗繁殖性、抗氧化性、抗菌和消炎作用.关于槐角丸的有效成分测定方法主要有紫外分光光度法测总黄酮,薄层色谱法测定芦丁和黄芩苷,高效液相色谱测定黄芩苷和测定染料木素.本文在硅胶G薄层色谱板上,采用双波长薄层扫描法建立了测定槐角、槐角丸中的染料木苷和总染料木素的分析方法.染料木苷和染料木素的薄层展开剂分别为三氯甲烷-甲醇-冰醋酸(2574)和三氯甲烷-甲醇-冰醋酸(1510.1),染料木苷和染料木素分别在0.5～3.0 μg和0.9～5.0μg范围内呈良好线性.该方法快速、简便,为中药槐角和中成药槐角丸的质量控制提供科学依据.     

薄层扫描法测定槐角及槐角丸中的染料木苷和总染料木素

在硅胶G薄层色谱板上,采用双波长薄层扫描法建立了测定槐角、槐角丸中的染料木苷和总染料木素的分析方法。染料木苷和染料木素的薄层展开剂分别为V(三氯甲烷)∶V(甲醇)∶V(冰乙酸)=25∶7∶4和V(三氯甲烷)∶V(甲醇)∶V(冰乙酸)=15∶1∶0.1,染料木苷和染料木素分别在0.5～3.0μg和0.9～5.0μg范围内呈良好线性。该方法为中药槐角和中成药槐角丸的质量控制提供检测方法。     

新型含1,2,3-三氮唑的染料木素糖缀合物的合成

以染料木素为起始原料,经两步反应制得中间体7-O-炔丙基染料木素(3);以CuI为催化剂,3与叠氮乙酰基糖经Click反应合成了7-O-［1-(2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-糖苷)1H-1,2,3-三氮唑-4-甲基］-染料木素(5a~5c); 5a~5c经去乙酰基制得三种含1,2,3-三氮唑的氮苷染料木素糖缀合物(6a~6c)。3, 5和6均为新化合物,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS表征。     

β-环糊精修饰区带毛细管电泳法快速测定染料木甙、染料木素、山柰酚和芦丁

通过研究缓冲溶液的pH和浓度、β-环糊精浓度、十二烷基硫酸钠浓度和毛细管温度等条件,建立了一种β-环糊精修饰区带毛细管电泳法快速测定染料木甙、染料木素、山柰酚和芦丁的方法。在优化的条件下,4种物质在6 min内得到良好分离。染料木甙、染料木素、山柰酚和芦丁峰面积和质量浓度分别在2~400,2~300,2~200和5~500 mg.L-1范围内呈线性关系。染料木甙、染料木素、山柰酚和芦丁的检出限分别为0.8,0.6,0.6和1.4 mg.L-1。方法用于分析生槐角和炙槐角样品并做加标回收试验,回收率结果在93.8%~105.2%。     

染料木素分子印迹聚合物的制备及其识别性能

以染料木素为模板分子、4-乙烯基吡啶(4-VP)为功能单体、乙二醇二甲基双丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为交联剂、四氢呋喃(THF)为溶剂,采用本体聚合法制备了染料木素的分子印迹聚合物;采用静态平衡结合实验研究了该分子印迹聚合物对染料木素的结合能力和选择性能.结果表明,与化学组成相同的相应非印迹聚合物相比,染料木素分子印迹聚合物对染料木素的吸附性能和选择性更好.利用所合成的分子印迹聚合物作为固相萃取材料填充固相萃取小柱,可以选择性地从豆奶粉中分离、富集染料木素;此外,该分子印迹聚合物还有望用于其他豆制品的分析检验.     

大豆素和染料木素的光氧化自由基反应动力学

具有共轭电子结构和多酚羟基官能团的类黄酮是天然抗氧化剂,其活性位点及其自由基稳定性是影响抗氧化效能的重要因素. 我们通过时间分辨光谱并结合量化计算对比研究了大豆素和染料木素两种异黄酮的脱质子形式由光氧化引发的自由基反应动力学. 结果表明,光氧化大豆素的酚氧阴离子先产生不稳定的中间态自由基,随后通过分子内电子转移反应生成相对稳定的自由基;异黄酮染料木素的酚氧阴离子光氧化后直接生成自旋密度在整个分子骨架上离域的稳定自由基;染料木素的5位羟基起到增强4’位酚羟基抗氧化活性的作用. 这些结果解释了染料木素远高于大豆素的抗氧化活性.     

黄连素-染料木素有机盐水合物的制备、晶体结构及溶解性

合成了黄连素和染料木素的有机盐水合物[C₂₀H₁₈NO₄]⁺·[C₁₅H₉O₅]^-·2.5H₂O·0.5(C₂H₅OH),并测定了其晶体结构。 解析结果表明,该有机盐水合物属于单斜晶系,P2₁/c空间群。 染料木素7取代位的羟基失去了质子变成了染料木素阴离子。 羟基阴离子与4'取代位上的羟基形成了O—H••••O^-氢键,产生了一维的氢键链状结构。 两个水分子通过氢键作用形成了链状结构,并与染料木素阴离子形成二维的氢键结构。 加热失去水分子后,有机盐水合物变成无定型状态。 在乙醇水溶液中悬浮后,无定型可以转变成结晶的水合物结构。 形成黄连素-染料木素有机盐水合物后,染料木素在水中的溶解度略有增加。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.