显色剂结构与胶束增敏作用的关系 II: Cadion, Cadion 2B的比较

本文从表明活性剂对Cd(II)-Cadion 和Cd(II)-Cadion 2B作用的不同, 研究了有机显色剂分子结构与胶束增敏作用的关系, 发现在无表面活性剂存在时,Cd(II)-Cadion 2B的灵敏度高于Cd(II)-Cadion, 当加入适量表面活性剂后, Cadion体系的增敏效应有如下顺序: SDBS〉混合表面活性剂〉SDS。阳离子表面活性剂无增敏效应。以Triton X-100为例, 分别测定了显色剂及其配合物所在胶束微环境中的D~e~f~f在胶束中的分配系数, 还另用分光光度法和析相法探求增溶位。结果表明: (1)具有两亲结构的被增溶物增溶于胶束的栅状层, 其能否进入栅状层及进入栅状层的深浅, 决定于被增溶物分子的横断面的大小和两亲结构明显程度。(2)在胶束栅状层, 受"刚性不对称微环境"的作用产生增敏作用。(3)从研究Cd(II)-Cadion和Cd(II)-Cadion 2B的分子结构表明: Cd(II)-Cadion 2B的横断面大于Cd(II)-Cadion, 而两亲结构又比Cd(II)-Cadion 不明显, 这是Cd(II)-Cadion 2B胶束增敏率小于Cd(II)-Cadion的主要原因。     

Triton X-100存在下镉试剂分光光度法测定痕量铊(III)

本文首次提出了在Triton X-100存在下, 以镉试剂作显色剂于水相直接分光光度法测定了痕量铊, 结果表明: 该体系具有很高的灵敏度, 是目前分光光度法测定铊的最灵敏方法之一.     

Complexes of Ag(I), Hg(I) and Hg(II) with multidentate pyrazolyl-pyridine ligands: From mononuclear complexes to coordination polymers via helicates, a mesocate, a cage and a catenate

The coordination chemistry of a series of di- and tri-nucleating ligands with Ag(I), Hg(I) and Hg(II) has been investigated. Most of the ligands contain two or three N,N'-bidentate chelating pyrazolyl-pyridine units pendant from a central aromatic spacer; one contains three binding sites (2 + 3 + 2-dentate) in a linear sequence. A series of thirteen complexes has been structurally characterised displaying a wide range of structural types. Bis-bidentate bridging ligands react with Ag(I) to give complexes in which Ag(I) is four-coordinate from two bidentate donors, but the complexes can take the form of one-dimensional coordination polymers, or dinuclear complexes (mesocate or helicate). A tris-bidentate triangular ligand forms a complicated two-dimensional coordination network with Ag(I) in which Ag...Ag contacts, as well as metal-ligand coordination bonds, play a significant role. Three dinuclear Hg(I) complexes were isolated which contain an {Hg2}2+ metal-metal bonded core bound to a single bis-bidentate ligand which can span both metal ions. Also characterised were a series of Hg(II) complexes comprising a simple mononuclear four-coordinate Hg(II) complex, a tetrahedral Hg(II)4 cage which incorporates a counter-ion in its central cavity, a trinuclear double helicate, and a trinuclear catenated structure in which two long ligands have spontaneously formed interlocked metallomacrocyclic rings thanks to cyclometallation of two of the Hg(II) centres.     

Mercury(II) cysteine complexes in alkaline aqueous solution

Mercury(II) complexes with l-cysteine (H(2)Cys) in alkaline aqueous solutions have been structurally characterized by means of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The distribution of [Hg(Cys)(n)] (n = 2, 3, and 4) species in approximately 0.09 mol dm(-3) mercury(II) solutions with H(2)Cys/Hg(II) ratios varying from 2.2 to 10.1 has been evaluated by fitting linear combinations of simulated EXAFS functions for the separate complexes to the experimental EXAFS data, aided by (199)Hg NMR and Raman results. For the [Hg(Cys)(2)](2-) and [Hg(Cys)(3)](4-) complexes and the novel four-coordinated Hg(Cys)(4) species that dominates in solutions with excess of cysteine (H(2)Cys/Hg(II) > 5), the mean Hg-S bond distances were found to be 2.35(2), 2.44(2), and 2.52(2) Angstroms, respectively. The minor amount of the linear [Hg(Cys)(2)](2-) complex that can still be discerned in solutions with ratios up to H(2)Cys/Hg(II) = 5 was derived from the distinct S-Hg-S symmetric stretching Raman band at 334 cm(-1). From (199)Hg NMR spectra, the chemical shift of the Hg(Cys)(4) species was estimated to -340 ppm with an amount exceeding 85% in the highest excess of cysteine, consistent with the EXAFS data.     

Crystal structures and solution behaviors of dinuclear d(10)-metal complexes containing anions of N,N'-bis(pyrimidine-2-yl)formamidine

The salts of Zn(II), Cd(ii) and Hg(II) react instantaneously with Kpmf (pmf(-) = anion of N,N'-bis(pyrimidine-2-yl)formamidine, Hpmf) in THF, producing bimetallic complexes of the types [M(2)(pmf)(3)](X) (M = Zn(II), X = I(3)(-), ; M = Zn(II), X = NO(3)(-), ; M = Zn(II), X = ClO(4)(-), ; M = Cd(II), X = NO(3)(-), ; M = Cd(II), X = ClO(4)(-), ) and Hg(2)(pmf)(2)X(2) (X = Cl, ; Br, ; I, ). New tridentate and tetradentate coordination modes were observed for the pmf(-) ligands and their fluxional behaviors investigated by measuring variable-temperature (1)H NMR spectra. Complexes and , which possess only tetradentate coordination modes for the pmf(-) ligands in the solid state show larger free energy of activation (DeltaG(c)( not equal)) for the exchange than complexes and with tetradentate and/or tridentate coordination modes. Complexes and are the first dinuclear Zn(II) and Hg(II) complexes containing formamidinate ligands. Moreover, the separation between the two Hg(II) atoms are 3.4689(9), 3.4933(13) and 3.5320(10) A for complexes , respectively, similar to the sum of van der Waals radii of two Hg(II) atoms which is 3.50(7) A. All the complexes exhibit emissions and the nature of the anions hardly change the emission wavelengths of the complexes with the same metal centers. The emission bands may be tentatively assigned as intraligand (IL) pi-->pi* transitions.     

Design of phenanthrimidazole-pendant cyclam and cyclen macrocyclic complex ligands as inorganic hosts: Photophysics,electrochemistry, and bimetallic complex formation

Novel ruthenium(II)bpy complexes of the phenanthrimidazole-pendant cyclen and cyclam macrocyclic ligands were synthesized as inorganic host molecules. Inorganic host design was planned as a “complex ligand” form because of its tetraaza macrocyclic unit, which has the ability to coordinate to the metals. Photophysical properties and metal selectivity of inorganic hosts RuL1A and RuL2 complex ligands were investigated by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy in aqueous medium. Among Ag(I), Li(I), Na(I), K(I), Cd(II), Cr(II), Fe(II), Hg(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), Mn(III), and Co(III) metal ions, Fe(II) addition causes spectral changes for both RuL1A and RuL2 complex ligands. Electrochemical studies were performed for RuL1B and also for cis-[Ru(bpy) ₂ Cl ₂ ] . Bimetallic complexes [[Ru(bpy)₂([Ni(2-(4-((1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecan-1-yl)methyl)phenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline])](ClO₄)₄, RuL1-NiA and [Ru(bpy)₂([Ni(2-(4-((1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecan-1-yl)methyl)phenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline])]Cl₄, RuL1-NiB solid complexes were also obtained by the reaction of the RuL1B and Nickel(II).     

A new sensitive method for the spectrophotometric determination of molybdenum using 3-hydroxy-2-(2'-thienyl)-4H-chromen-4-one

A spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of Molybdenum (VI) using 3-hydroxy-2-(2'-thienyl)-4H-chromen-4-one as a complexing agent. The complex formed was dissolved in water in the presence of Triton X-100 and exhibits an absorption maximum at 410 nm. A large number of metal ions like Co(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), Cr(III), Zn(II), Cu(II), Hg(II), Bi(III), Fe(II), Fe(III), Zr(IV), V(V) can be tolerated at an appreciable concentrations. Molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity of the method is 2.80 x 10(5) l mol-1cm-1 and 3.42 x 10(-4) micrograms cm-2, respectively. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 0.01-0.4 ppm Mo(VI). Aliquots containing 0.2 ppm of Mo(VI) give a mean absorbance of 0.56 with a relative standard deviation of 1.3%.     

Interaction of mixed-donor macrocycles containing the 1,10-phenanthroline subunit with selected transition and post-transition metal ions: metal ion recognition in competitive liquid-liquid solvent extraction of Cu(II), Zn(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Ag(I), and Hg(II)

Two new mixed aza-thia crowns 5-aza-2,8-dithia[9]-(2,9)-1,10-phenanthrolinophane (L(4)) and 2,8-diaza-5-thia[9]-(2,9)-1,10-phenanthrolinophane (L(7)) have been synthesized and characterized. The coordination behavior of L(4) and L(7) toward the metal ions Cu(II), Zn(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), and Ag(I) was studied in aqueous solution by potentiometric methods, in CD3CN/D2O 4:1 (v/v) by (1)H NMR titrations and in the solid state. The data obtained were compared with those available for the coordination behavior toward the same metal ions of structurally analogous mixed donor macrocyclic ligands L(1)-L(3), L(5), L(6): all these contain a phenanthroline subunit but have only S/O/N(aromatic) donor groups in the remaining portion of the ring and are, therefore, less water-soluble than L(4) and L(7). The complexes [Cd(NO3)2(L(5))], [Pb(L(7))](ClO4)2 x 1/2MeCN, [Pb(L(4))](ClO4)2 x MeCN, and [Cu(L(7))](ClO4)2 x 3/2MeNO2 were characterized by X-ray crystallography. The efficacy of L(1)-L(7) in competitive liquid-liquid metal ion extraction of Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Ag(I), and Hg(II) was assessed. In the absence of Hg(II), a clear extraction selectivity for Ag(I) was observed in all systems investigated.     

Studies on the synthesis of 5-(p-aminobenzylidene)-rhodanine and its properties

A new analytical reagent 5-(p-aminobenzylidene)-rhodanine (ABR) was synthesized. The acidic dissociation constant of ABR has been determined. The properties, the acid-base behavior of ABR and the reactions of ABR with metallic ions have been studied. The color reactions of the reagent with Pd(II), Au(III), Ag(I), Ru(III), Hg(II) and Cu(II) are studied in detail. The composition of Pd(II)-ABR, Au(III)-ABR and Ag(I)-ABR complexes were discussed.     

Formation of dinuclear,macrocyclic, and chain structures from HgI(2) and a semirigid benzimidazole-based bridging ligand: an example of ring-opening supramolecular isomerism

The reactions of HgI(2) with the semirigid ditopic ligand 1,3-bis(benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene (bbimms) afforded three new complexes, [Hg(2)(mu-I)(2)I(2)(bbimms)] (1), [Hg(2)I(4)(bbimms)(2)] (2), and catena-poly[HgI(2)(bbimms)] (3). The ligand and all complexes have been structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 1 is a triply bridged dinuclear complex comprised of two Hg(II) ions, one bridging ligand, two bridging I(-) anions, and two terminal I(-) anions. 2 is a dinuclear metallamacrocycle comprised of two Hg(II) ions, two bridging ligands, and four terminal I(-) anions, while 3 is a helical chain with the repeating unit of HgI(2)(bbimms). 2 and 3 can be classified as supramolecular isomers, and both are related to the triply bridged precursor 1 via the addition of one more ligand in a ring-opening process.     

Model peptides based on the binding loop of the copper metallochaperone Atx1: selectivity of the consensus sequence MxCxxC for metal ions Hg(II), Cu(I), Cd(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II)

The amino acid sequence MxCxxC is conserved in many soft-metal transporters that are involved in the control of the intracellular concentration of ions such as Cu(I), Hg(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II). A relevant task is thus the selectivity of the motif MxCxxC for these different metal ions. To analyze the coordination properties and the selectivity of this consensus sequence, we have designed two model peptides that mimic the binding loop of the copper chaperone Atx1: the cyclic peptide P(C) c(GMTCSGCSRP) and its linear analogue P(L) (Ac-MTCSGCSRPG-NH2). By using complementary analytical and spectroscopic methods, we have demonstrated that 1:1 complexes are obtained with Cu(I) and Hg(II), whereas 1:1 and 1:2 (M:P) species are successively formed with Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II). The complexation properties of the cyclic and linear peptides are very close, but the cyclic compound provides systematically higher affinity constants than its unstructured analogue. The introduction of a xPGx motif that forms a type II beta turn in P(C) induces a preorganization of the binding loop of the peptide that enhances the stabilities of the complexes (up to 2 orders of magnitude difference for the Hg complexes). The affinity constants were measured in the absence of any reducing agent that would compete with the peptides and range in the order Hg(II) > Cu(I) > Cd(II) > Pb(II) > Zn(II). This sequence is thus highly selective for Cu(I) compared to the essential ion Zn(II) that could compete in vivo or compared to the toxic ions Cd(II) and Pb(II). Only Hg(II) may be an efficient competitor of Cu(I) for binding to the MxCxxC motif in metalloproteins.     

Effect of Anions on the Development of Color Reactions of Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury with Dithizone and 4-(2-Pyridylazo)resorcinol on a Fibrous Material Filled with the Anion Exchanger AV-17

The effect of nitrates, chlorides, iodides, sulfates, thiosulfates, thiocyanates, acetates, tartrates, nitrilotriacetates, and ethylenediaminetetraacetates in the sorption of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Hg(II) and their subsequent determination with dithizone and 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR) on the solid phase of a fibrous anion-exchange sorbent filled with AV-17 was studied. The dependences of the analytical signals of complexes adsorbed on the solid phase on the concentration of anions in the solution and on the stability of anionic complexes were revealed. The analytical signals in the sorption and determination of Cd, Pb, and Hg with dithizone and PAR on the solid phase were maximum for iodide and thiosulfate complexes. Conditions of the sorption of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Hg(II) were found for their subsequent total and separate determination with PAR and dithizone.     

EXAFS study of mercury(II) sorption to Fe- and Al-(hydr)oxides. II. Effects of chloride and sulfate

Common complexing ligands such as chloride and sulfate can significantly impact the sorption of Hg(II) to particle surfaces in aqueous environmental systems. To examine the effects of these ligands on Hg(II) sorption to mineral sorbents, macroscopic Hg(II) uptake measurements were conducted at pH 6 and [Hg](i)=0.5 mM on goethite (alpha-FeOOH), gamma-alumina (gamma-Al(2)O(3)), and bayerite (beta-Al(OH)(3)) in the presence of chloride or sulfate, and the sorption products were characterized by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The presence of chloride resulted in reduced uptake of Hg(II) on all three substrates over the Cl(-) concentration ([Cl(-)]) range 10(-5) to 10(-2) M, lowering Hg surface coverages on goethite, gamma-alumina, and bayerite from 0.42 to 0.07 micromol/m(2), 0.06 to 0.006 micromol/m(2), and 0.55 to 0.39 micromol/m(2) ([Cl(-)]=10(-5) to 10(-3) M only), respectively. This reduction in Hg(II) uptake is primarily a result of the formation of stable, nonsorbing aqueous HgCl(2) complexes in solution, limiting the amount of free Hg(II) available to sorb. At higher [Cl(-)] beam reduction of Hg(II) to Hg(I) was observed, resulting in the possible formation of aqueous Hg(2)Cl(2) species and the precipitation of calomel, Hg(2)Cl(2(s)). The presence of sulfate caused enhanced Hg(II) uptake over the sulfate concentration ([SO(4)(2-)]) range 10(-5) to 0.9 M, increasing Hg surface coverages on goethite, gamma-alumina, and bayerite from 0.39 to 0.45 micromol/m(2), 0.11 to 0.38 micromol/m(2), and 0.36 to 3.33 micromol/m(2), respectively. This effect is likely due to the direct sorption or accumulation of sulfate ions at the substrate interface, effectively reducing the positive surface charge that electrostatically inhibits Hg(II) sorption. Spectroscopic evidence for ternary surface complexation was observed in isolated cases, specifically in the Hg-goethite-sulfate system at high [SO(4)(2-)] and in the Hg-goethite-chloride system.     

Reaction of mercury(II) and xylenol orange-I Effect of the buffering media

The influence of the buffering medium on the reaction of Hg(II) with Xylenol Orange has been studied. Amine-type compounds are complexed by Hg(II)/Xylenol Orange with a sharp hyperchromic effect on the reagent itself, at 590 nm, but complex formation of Hg(II)/Xylenol Orange in non-amine-type buffer, such as citric acid-phosphate, gives a hypochromic effect on Xylenol Orange at 580 nm. Hg(II) is determined at pH 7.5 in two ranges of concentration, 2-9 ppm in citrate buffer, measured at 580 nm ( = 2.50 x 10(4)), and 6-11 ppm in hexamine buffer, at 590 nm ( = 4.18 x 10(4)).     

Syntheses, structures, and photoluminescence properties of metal(II) halide complexes with pyridine-containing flexible tripodal ligands

Seven coordination compounds, [Zn(L3)Cl2] . MeOH . H2O (1), [Mn(L3)2Cl2] . 0.5EtOH . 0.5H2O (2), [Cu3(L2)2Cl6] . 2DMF (3), [Cu3(L2)2Br6] . 4MeOH (4), [Hg2(L4)Cl4] (5), [Hg2(L4)Br4] (6), and [Hg3(L4)2I6] . H2O (7), were synthesized by the reactions of ligands 1,3,5-tris(3-pyridylmethoxyl)benzene (L3), 1,3,5-tris(2-pyridylmethoxyl)benzene (L2), and 1,3,5-tris(4-pyridylmethoxyl)benzene (L4) with the corresponding metal halides. All the structures were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In complexes 1 and 2, L3 acts as a bidentate ligand using two of three pyridyl arms to link two metal atoms to result in two different 1D chain structures. In complexes 3 and 4, each L2 serves as tridentate ligand and connects three Cu(II) atoms to form a 2D network structure. Complexes 5 and 6 have the same framework structure, and L4 acts as a three-connecting ligand to connect Hg(II) atoms to generate a 3D 4-fold interpenetrated framework, while the structure of complex 7 is an infinite 1D chain. The results indicate that the flexible ligands can adopt different conformations and thus can form complexes with varied structures. In addition, the coordination geometry of the metal atom and the species of the halide were found to have great impact on the structure of the complexes. The photoluminescence properties of the complexes were investigated, and the Zn(II), Mn(II) and Hg(II) complexes showed blue emissions in solid state at room temperature.     

Acetohydroxamate Resin as Column Packing for Ion Chromatography

A chelating resin with acetohydroxamate functional groups was synthesized and used as the stationary phase in ion chromatography for the determination of copper. As the reaction mechanism was mainly complexation, the coordination behavior of the synthesized resin toward Cu(II) was studied by means of EPR, IR and electronic spectrometry and potentiometry. The kinetic study shows that the resin is suitable for use in ion chromatography. We employed a resin column 250 mm long by 3 mm I.D. in conjunction with a mixture of hydrochloric acid and acetone as mobile phase for the determination of Cu(II). Detection of the chromatography system was carried out via post-column derivatisation of the column effluent with PAR at 520nm. The detection limit is 0.22ppm, and the relationship was linear in the range 0.25-1.20ppm. We investigated the effect of other metal ions, As(V), Cd(II), Cr(III), Hg(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II), or foreign ligands, EDTA, ascorbic acid, humic acid or sodium chloride on the determination of Cu(II) ion. A concentration column packed with acetohydroxamate resin combined with the above separation system was also used to determine of copper ion; the dynamic range is 2-15 ppb and the detection limit is 0.70ppb. The proposed system was applied to the analysis of Cu(II) in sea water.     

Synthesis and characterization of reduced heme and heme/copper carbonmonoxy species

Carbon monoxide readily binds to heme and copper proteins, acting as a competitive inhibitor of dioxygen. As such, CO serves as a probe of protein metal active sites. In our ongoing efforts to mimic the active site of cytochrome c oxidase, reactivity toward carbon monoxide offers a unique opportunity to gain insight into the binding and spectroscopic characteristics of synthetic model compounds. In this paper, we report the synthesis and characterization of CO-adducts of ((5/6)L)Fe(II), [((5/6)L)Fe(II)...Cu(I)](B(C(6)F(5))(4)), and [(TMPA)Cu(I)(CH(3)CN)](B(C(6)F(5))(4)), where TMPA = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine and (5/6)L = a tetraarylporphyrinate tethered in either the 5-position ((5)L) or 6-position ((6)L) to a TMPA copper binding moiety. Reaction of ((5/6)L)Fe(II) [in THF (293 K): UV-vis 424 (Soret), 543-544 nm; (1)H NMR delta(pyrrole) 52-59 ppm (4 peaks); (2)H NMR (from ((5)L-d(8))Fe(II)) delta(pyrrole) 53.3, 54.5, 55.8, 56.4 ppm] with CO in solution at RT yielded ((5/6)L)Fe(II)-CO [in THF (293 K): UV-vis 413-414 (Soret), 532-533 nm; IR nu(CO)(Fe) 1976-1978 cm(-1); (1)H NMR delta(pyrrole) 8.8 ppm; (2)H NMR (from ((5)L-d(8))Fe(II)-CO) delta(pyrrole) 8.9 ppm; (13)C NMR delta((CO)Fe) 206.8-207.1 ppm (2 peaks)]. Experiments repeated in acetonitrile, acetone, toluene, and dichloromethane showed similar spectroscopic data. Binding of CO resulted in a change from five-coordinate, high-spin Fe(II) to six-coordinate, low-spin Fe(II), as evidenced by the upfield shift of the pyrrole resonances to the diamagnetic region ((1)H and (2)H NMR spectra). Addition of CO to [((5/6)L)Fe(II)...Cu(I)](B(C(6)F(5))(4)) [in THF (293 K): UV-vis ((6)L only) 424 (Soret), 546 nm; (1)H NMR delta(pyrrole) 54-59 ppm (multiple peaks); (2)H NMR (from [((5)L-d(8))Fe(II).Cu(I)](B(C(6)F(5))(4))) delta(pyrrole) 53.4 ppm (br)] gave the bis-carbonyl adduct [((5/6)L)Fe(II)-CO...Cu(I)-CO](B(C(6)F(5))(4)) [in THF (293 K): UV-vis ((6)L only) 413 (Soret), 532 nm; IR nu(CO)(Fe) 1971-1973 cm(-1), nu(CO)(Cu) 2091-2093 cm(-1), approximately 2070(sh) cm(-1); (1)H NMR delta(pyrrole) 8.7-8.9 ppm; (2)H NMR (from [((5)L-d(8))Fe(II)-CO...Cu(I)-CO](B(C(6)F(5))(4))) delta(pyrrole) 8.9 ppm; (13)C NMR delta((CO)Fe) 206.8-208.1 ppm (2 peaks), delta((CO)Cu) 172.4 ((5)L), 178.2 ((6)L) ppm]. Experiments in acetonitrile, acetone, and toluene exhibited spectral features similar to those reported. The [((5/6)L)Fe(II)-CO.Cu(I)-CO](B(C(6)F(5))(4)) compounds yielded (CO)(Fe) spectra analogous to those seen for ((5/6)L)Fe(II)-CO and (CO)(Cu) spectra similar to those seen for [(TMPA)Cu(I)-CO](B(C(6)F(5))(4)) [in THF (293 K): IR nu(CO)(Cu) 2091 cm(-1), approximately 2070(sh) cm(-1); (13)C NMR delta((CO)Cu) 180.3 ppm]. Additional IR studies were performed in which the [((5)L)Fe(II)-CO...Cu(I)-CO](B(C(6)F(5))(4)) in solution was bubbled with argon in an attempt to generate the iron-only mono-carbonyl [((5)L)Fe(II)-CO.Cu(I)](B(C(6)F(5))(4)) species; in coordinating solvent or with axial base present, decreases in characteristic IR-band intensities revealed complete loss of CO from copper and variable loss of CO from the heme.     

Use of tetracyanoplatinate (ii) for the luminescent detection of metalions

The tetracyanoplatinate(II) (TCP) ion forms insoluble fluorescent compounds with many metal ions. This property has not hitherto been exploited for analytical use. The soluble sodium TCP salt has been applied as a reagent for metal ion detection. Fluorescent precipitates useful for detection of the metal ions were obtained with Y(III), Zr(IV), Ag(I), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(I), Hg(II), A1(III), Pb(II), La(III) and Th(IV). Limits of detection ranged from 5 to 200 ppm. With ammonium acetate as a masking agent, selective detection of 10 ppm of silver was achieved in the presence of the other metal ions. As little as 20 ppm of zirconium can be detected in the presence of hafnium, which yields a non-fluorescent precipitate.     

Extractive colorimetric method for the determination of dothiepin hydrochloride and risperidone in pure and in dosage forms

Three rapid, simple, reproducible and sensitive extractive colorimetric methods (A--C) for assaying dothiepin hydrochloride (I) and risperidone (II) in bulk sample and in dosage forms were investigated. Methods A and B are based on the formation of an ion pair complexes with methyl orange (A) and orange G (B), whereas method C depends on ternary complex formation between cobalt thiocyanate and the studied drug I or II. The optimum reaction conditions were investigated and it was observed the calibration curves resulting from the measurements of absorbance concentration relations of the extracted complexes were linear over the concentration range 0.1--12 microg ml(-1) for method A, 0.5--11 mug ml(-1) for method B, and 3.2--80 microg ml(-1) for method C with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.17 and 1.28 for drug I and II, respectively. The molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity, Ringbom optimum concentration ranges, and detection and quantification limits for all complexes were calculated and evaluated at maximum wavelengths of 423, 498, and 625 nm, using methods A, B, and C, respectively. The interference from excipients commonly present in dosage forms and common degradation products was studied. The proposed methods are highly specific for the determination of drugs I and II, in their dosage forms applying the standard additions technique without any interference from common excipients. The proposed methods have been compared statistically to the reference methods and found to be simple, accurate (t-test) and reproducible (F-value).     

Determination of mercury in the presence of chloride by means of the ternary complex Hg(II)/xylenol orange/amberlite La-2 in non-aqueous media

The system Hg(II)/Xylenol Orange/Amberlite LA-2 dissolved in 1:1 v v 3-methylbutan-1-ol/chloroform medium has been studied. A 3:2:2 complex is formed, which is suitable for analytical measurements at temperatures <18 degrees . This complex allows the determination of mercury in the range 0.19-5.5 ppm with a molar absorptivity of 2.12 x 10(4).mole(-1).cm(-1) at 600 nm and extraction pH of 7.4 (standard deviation 0.065 ppm). The proposed method has been applied to the determination of mercury in contaminated water with a high chloride content.