嘧啶衍生物类PI3K/mTOR双重抑制剂的3D-QSAR及分子对接研究

PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路在癌细胞的生长和增殖中异常激活,对PI3K和mTOR位点的抑制可有效阻断信号通路的传导,是药物设计的理想靶点.本文选择38个嘧啶类小分子抑制剂进行3D-QSAR和分子对接研究.采用比较分子力场分析(CoMFA)和比较分子相似性指数分析(CoMSIA)方法,建立了三维定量构效关系模型,结果表明,该模型具有良好的稳定性和预测能力,可运用分子对接研究小分子抑制剂与PI3K和mTOR蛋白受体的作用模式.通过对QSAR模型的三维等势图以及受体与配体的相互作用模式分析后,优化出10个小分子化合物并预测其活性,发现一些小分子化合物活性提高,这为PI3K/mTOR双重抑制剂的设计筛选提供了借鉴.     

基于配体结构的Grb2-SH2抑制剂的结构优化:更高的活性、更少的电荷、更低的肽性

生长因子受体结合蛋白2(Grb2)在致癌基因Ras活化的信号传导通路中起着关键作用,目前被广泛认为是抗肿瘤药物设计的优秀靶标.对Grb2-SH2抑制剂的研究进展进行了综述,主要针对关键残基磷酸酪氨酸的高电荷性和多肽结构的低生物相容性两个缺陷,基于天然配体与Grb2-SH2相互作用的结构特征,围绕提高活性和简化结构开展的系统构效关系和合理结构优化研究,为进一步开发磷酸酪氨酸介导的Grb2-SH2抑制剂成为新型抗肿瘤药物提供结构和理论基础.     

纺锤体驱动蛋白抑制剂*

对纺锤体驱动蛋白(kinesin spindle protein,KSP)进行抑制代表着一种新颖的抗肿瘤机制,能避免直接破坏微管的药物所具有的不可避免的神经毒性。自第一个选择性的小分子KSP抑制剂monastrol报道以来,已有多种类型的KSP抑制剂有了文献报道。本文介绍了近年来KSP抑制剂的结构和功能,以及作为一个新颖的靶点在抗肿瘤药物研究中的作用;讨论了该类抑制剂的构效关系,并对该类抑制剂的研究前景进行了展望。     

共价抑制剂的研究进展

共价抑制剂因其具有的优异的药代动力学特征,在近期的药物研发领域中起到了关键作用.共价抑制剂是一类有机小分子,能与特定的靶蛋白相互作用并形成共价键,导致蛋白质构象的改变,从而抑制蛋白质的活性.除了部分例外,通过共价抑制剂进行的蛋白质修饰通常是不可逆的.重点讨论通过迈克尔加成、亲核取代以及二硫键与蛋白质相互作用的商业共价抑制剂.有关于共价抑制剂中各种类型弹头的讨论,可以激发未来合理药物设计的灵感.     

信号转导及转录激活因子3(STAT3)信号通路小分子抑制剂的设计、合成及其生物活性研究

设计合成含有苯并噻唑及嘧啶并噻唑母核的化合物,评价其对信号转导及转录激活因子3(STAT3)信号转导通路的影响.以实验室前期报道的化合物16v为先导物,通过基于结构的药物设计及生物电子等排原理设计两个系列化合物.采用Luciferase法检测化合物对STAT3信号转导通路的影响.合成21个未见文献报道的新化合物,其结构经核磁共振氢谱、碳谱和质谱确证;Luciferase实验表明,苯并噻唑类部分化合物在10μmol·L-1浓度下能够很好的抑制IL-6刺激的STAT3信号转导通路,而嘧啶并噻唑类化合物活性较弱.     

类肽与金属蛋白酶抑制剂类抗肿瘤药物研究进展

类肽作为天然活性肽的结构或功能模拟物,具有3个优点：一是能够保留天然肽的底物功能,二是可改善其代谢性质,三是可提高其作用的靶向专一性等特点．高活性的类肽分子设计可通过构象限定、结构改造和非肽模拟物设计的构思等多种手段实现．目前肿瘤化疗药物开发的研究热点已由细胞毒药物转向靶向治疗药物,在肿瘤发生发展过程中起关键作用的许多蛋白酶和肽酶陆续被发现,因此类肽作为潜在的肿瘤化疗药物已倍受关注,而如何设计具有抗肿瘤活性的小分子类肽酶抑制剂则已成为研究的热点．本课题组多年来一直致力于研究开发APN、MMPs及HDACs的小分子类肽抑制剂作为靶向抗肿瘤药物先导物．这三种锌离子依赖性金属蛋白酶在肿瘤的生长侵袭转移、血管生成和基质降解等发展进程中起着关键作用,靶向于该类生物靶点的小分子类肽抑制剂具有开发成为高选择性抗肿瘤药物的巨大潜力．     

Combretastatin A-4衍生物的设计、合成及抗乳腺肿瘤活性初探

Combretastatin A-4(CA-4)是一个天然的秋水仙碱结合位点的微管蛋白抑制剂,具有抗肿瘤活性。PI3K信号通路是细胞内重要的信号转导通路之一,也是癌细胞中常见的异常表达信号通路。微管蛋白抑制剂和信号通路激酶抑制剂均为抗肿瘤药物研发的热点。设计、筛选并合成了具有秋水仙碱和PI3K双靶点的CA-4衍生物。利用SBDD技术,采用活性基团协作的方法,对CA-4进行秋水仙碱和PI3K双靶点结构改造。结合CA-4的构效关系,保留A环及3个甲氧基,以羰基取代连接双键碳以保证顺式构型,苯并呋喃环取代B环,B环侧链引入卤素增效,依据结合活性自由能打分值筛选出9种靶点活性高的衍生物进行分子对接分析及可视化分析,并通过碘代、溴代、Rap-Stoermer偶联反应和Heck偶联反应合成目标化合物CA-4,其结构经¹H NMR、¹³C NMR和MS确证。活性测试结果表明：目标化合物对乳腺癌MCF-7和MDA-MB-231 2种肿瘤细胞具有抑制作用。     

前言

<正>随着生物医学对疾病发生发展的深入研究和新的药物靶的出现,新药发现的研究已经改变了过去依赖大规模筛选的传统做法,而是更多地研究如何针对药物靶进行合理的药物设计.所谓的药物靶是指那些和疾病发生发展直接相关的基因以及由他们调控和表达的蛋白、细胞因子和信号分子等.在生物医学的研究中,新的活性蛋白不断涌现,但并不能都成为药物靶.真正成为药物靶的必备条件是从药物靶的激动剂或抑制剂能开     

嘧啶并二氮类化合物作为L3MBTL3抑制剂的设计、合成与构效关系研究

组蛋白甲基化是表观遗传学的标志之一,其调节紊乱与许多疾病有联系.恶性脑瘤域(MBT)家族蛋白是一类能够识别组蛋白赖氨酸甲基化信号的蛋白,L3MBTL3是该家族中代表性的蛋白之一,它与染色质转录抑制、造血功能、肿瘤形成等都有关系.开发L3MBTL3小分子抑制剂可以辅助阐明其生物学作用和验证其靶点成药性.首先通过筛选嘧啶并二氮化合物库,得到了L3MBTL3的活性化合物1,接着按照已报道L3MBTL3抑制剂的结构特点进行构效关系研究,最终得到了四个IC_(50)值小于1μmol·L~(-1)新颖的L3MBTL3抑制剂.     

基于分子描述符和机器学习方法预测和虚拟筛选乳腺癌靶向蛋白HEC1抑制剂

HEC1(癌症高表达蛋白)是纺锤体检查点控制、着丝粒功能、细胞存活的关键的有丝分裂调节器,与原发性乳腺癌的不良预后有关.筛选具有高亲和力的HEC1新型抑制剂对探索乳腺癌的靶向治疗具有重要意义.本文从结构多样性的化合物库中筛选HEC1抑制剂.通过对分子描述符的特征筛选,采用支持向量机(SVM)和随机森林(RF)方法分别对HEC1抑制剂和非抑制剂建立了分类模型.经对比, RF模型显示了更好的预测精度.我们采用RF模型对HEC1抑制剂进行了虚拟筛选,从“in-house”实体库筛选得到2个潜在的HEC1抑制剂分子.随后对筛出的化合物进行了体外活性实验,发现对乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-468和MDA-MB-231均有一定程度的抗肿瘤活性.研究结果表明,机器学习方法对于设计和虚拟筛选HEC1抑制剂有良好的效果.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.