2-(5-甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑)-硫乙酸锌(II)配合物的合成、晶体结构和性质

合成了2个锌配合物[Zn（mtyaa）₂（H₂O）4]·4H₂O （1）和[Zn（bpe）（mtyaa）₂（H₂O）₂]_n （2）（Hmtyaa=2-（5-甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑）-硫乙酸;bpe=1,2-双（4-吡啶基）乙烷）,用X射线单晶衍射仪测定了配合物的单晶结构,并对它进行了元素分析、红外光谱、热重和粉末X射线衍射等表征。配合物1和2的晶体分别属于三斜晶系和单斜晶系,空间群分别为P1和C2/c。π-π相互作用以及配位水和游离水分子与羧基氧之间的氢键作用将配合物1的单分子结构连成三维网状结构。配合物2中配位水与羧基氧以及配体中的氮原子之间的氢键作用将相邻链连接成二维平面结构。     

2-(5-甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑)-硫乙酸锌(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、晶体结构和性质

合成了2个锌配合物[Zn（mtyaa）₂（H₂O）₄]·4H₂O（1）和[Zn（bpe）（mtyaa）₂（H₂O）₂]_n（2）（Hmtyaa=2-（5-甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑）-硫乙酸;bpe=1,2-双（4-吡啶基）乙烷）,用X射线单晶衍射仪测定了配合物的单晶结构,并对它进行了元素分析、红外光谱、热重和粉末X射线衍射等表征。配合物1和2的晶体分别属于三斜晶系和单斜晶系,空间群分别为P1和C2/c。π-π相互作用以及配位水和游离水分子与羧基氧之间的氢键作用将配合物1的单分子结构连成三维网状结构。配合物2中配位水与羧基氧以及配体中的氮原子之间的氢键作用将相邻链连接成二维平面结构。     

两个基于4-（1H-1，2，4-三氮唑）苯甲酸的稀土配位聚合物的合成、晶体结构及荧光性质

以4-（1H-1,2,4-三氮唑）苯甲酸为配体,采用水热法合成了2种稀土配位聚合物[Tb（tbc₃）（H₂O）₃]_n（1）和{[Nd（tbc₃）（H₂O）₃]·H₂O}_n（2）（Htbc=4-（1H-1,2,4-三氮唑）苯甲酸）。运用X-射线单晶衍射法对该配位聚合物进行了结构测定,并对其进行了元素分析、红外光谱、TG及荧光光谱表征。单晶结构表明,配位聚合物1为三斜晶系,空间群P1,配位聚合物2属于单斜晶系,空间群为P2₁/c。配位聚合物1和2均为一维链结构,均通过非共价键作用形成三维超分子构造。     

N-对甲苯磺酰-5-氨基间苯二甲酸构筑的一维配位聚合物的合成、晶体结构和荧光性质

采用普通溶液法和水热法分别合成了2个金属-有机配位聚合物:{[Cu(Ts-5-AIPA)(phen)(H_2O)]·H_2O}n(1)和[Cd(Ts-5-AIPA)(phen)]n(2)(Ts-5-AIPA=N-对甲苯磺酰-5-氨基间苯二甲酸根,phen=菲咯啉),并用红外光谱、热重和X射线单晶衍射对配合物的结构进行了表征。结果表明:2个配合物均为单斜晶系,配合物1为P21/c空间群,配合物2为C2/c空间群;2个配合物均为一维链状结构,再通过氢键和π-π堆积作用形成三维超分子结构。另外,还研究了2个配位聚合物的荧光性质。     

以5-甲基-3-吡唑甲酸为配体的锰和钴的配合物的合成、晶体结构和磁性

以5-甲基-3-吡唑甲酸为配体,合成了1个单核锰（Ⅱ）配合物[Mn（HMPCA）₂（phen）]·2H₂O（1）和1个钴（Ⅱ）的一维配位聚合物{[Co（HMPCA）₂（pyz）]·5H₂O}_n（2）（H₂MPCA=5-甲基-3-吡唑甲酸;phen=1,10-菲咯啉;pyz=吡嗪）,并用元素分析、红外光谱、X-射线单晶衍射结构分析、热重分析等对其进行了表征。配合物1属于正交晶系,空间群为Pbca,配合物2属于单斜晶系,空间群为P2₁/c。配合物1和2中的金属离子都位于1个畸变的八面体构型中。配合物1中的独立结构单元间通过分子间氢键作用构成1个三维结构。而在2中,每个吡嗪分子桥联2个相邻的钴（Ⅱ）离子,形成1个一维链;这些一维链和水分子通过分子间氢键进一步形成一个三维的结构。变温磁化率数据（300~1.8K）表明配合物2中的钴（Ⅱ）离子间存在弱的反铁磁性作用。     

两个由1H-苯并三氮唑-1-乙酸构筑的镉、银配合物的合成及晶体结构

合成了2个配位聚合物{[Cd(btaa)(phen)(CH₃COO)]·H₂O}_n(1)和{[Ag₂(btaa)(4,4-bpy)₂](NO₃)·2H₂O}_n(2)(Hbtaa=1H-苯并三氮唑-1-乙酸,phen=1,10-邻菲啰啉,4,4-bpy=4,4-联吡啶),采用单晶X-射线、红外光谱、元素分析和热重分析对配合物进行了表征。配合物1中的镉离子通过1H-苯并三氮唑-1-乙酸根桥连成一位螺旋链状结构。在配合物2中,银离子被4,4-联吡啶连接成一维链状结构,这些一维链通过1H-苯并三氮唑-1-乙酸根桥连以及Ag···Ag作用和π-π堆积连接成一维梯子状结构。此外,还研究了配合物1的荧光性质。     

三个3, 5-二(4-吡啶)1, 2, 4-三唑构筑的Co(Ⅱ)配合物的合成, 晶体结构及其热稳定性

采用3,5-二（4-吡啶）1,2,4-三唑（Hbpt）为配体与钴盐反应,在水热法条件下成功合成了3个配合物,分别是：[Co（Hbpt）₂（HCOO）₂（H₂O）₂]_n·4nH₂O（1）,[Co（Hbpt）₂（HCOO）₂（H₂O）₂]_n（2）和[Co（bpt）₂（H₂O）₄]_n·2nH₂O（3）,并通过X-射线单晶衍射和红外对它们进行了表征。配合物1和2均为三斜晶系,P1空间群,配合物3为单斜晶系,P2₁/c空间群。中心金属Co（Ⅱ）都是六配位,每个Co（Ⅱ）分别与2个Hbpt配体桥联而形成零维的结构单元,这些结构单元通过氢键和π-π堆积弱作用进一步连接而形成三维超分子网络结构。此外,还对配合物1和3的热稳定性做了分析。     

金属离子导向自组装的磺酰化对氨基苯甲酸配合物的合成与表征

用普通溶液法合成了4个配合物：[Cu（Ts-p-aba）₂（phen）（H₂O）]_n（1）、[Zn（Ts-p-aba）₂（phen）（H₂O）]·H₂O（2）、[Pb（Ts-p-aba）₂（phen）]2（3）和{[Pb（Ts-p-aba）（phen）（NO₃）]（DMF）}_n（4）（Ts-p-aba=N-对甲苯磺酰对氨基苯甲酸,phen=菲咯啉,DMF=N,N-二甲基甲酰胺）。X-射线单晶衍射结果表明：配合物1和2均为三斜晶系,P1空间群。配合物1的中心铜离子处于变形的八面体配位环境,并通过配体N-对甲苯磺酰对氨基苯甲酸扩展为一维直线链结构;配合物2是个单核分子,锌离子的配位多面体为四角锥体。配合物3和4均为单斜晶系,P2₁/c空间群。配合物3由配体N-对甲苯磺酰对氨基苯甲酸桥联成二聚体,铅离子处于变形的八面体配位环境;配合物4是具有一维链状结构的配位聚合物,铅离子处于变形的一面心八面体配位环境。另外,对4个配合物的热稳定性、电化学性能和荧光性质也进行了研究。     

联苯-2,4,4',6-四甲酸银、咪唑-菲啰啉-苯氧乙酸镉配位聚合物的合成、结构及与DNA的相互作用

由联苯-2,4,4'',6-四甲酸（H₄BPTC,C₁₆H₁₀O₈）和2-4-（1H-咪唑-2-[4,5-f][1,10]菲啰啉基）苯氧乙酸（HPIMPHC,C₂₁H₁₄N₄O₃）,水热合成了2种新型配位聚合物[Ag₄（BPTC）]_n（1）,[Cd（PIMPHC）₂]_n（2）。用元素分析、红外光谱、热重分析和X射线单晶衍射对配合物进行了表征和结构分析。配合物1属三斜晶系,空间群为P1;Ag（Ⅰ）的配位数分别为4、3、2,配位构型为变形四面体、平面三角形和V型。配合物2属正交晶系,空间群为Pbcn;Cd（Ⅱ）的配位数为6,配位构型为变形的八面体,Cd（Ⅱ）离子间通过三齿配体PIMPHC-桥连,形成2D网状结构。用EtBr荧光探针法研究了配体及配合物与ct-DNA的相互作用。     

三个基于柔性4-取代双三唑配体锌配位聚合物的合成、晶体结构

以1,2-二（4H-1,2,4-三唑）乙烷（btre）和3个二元羧酸1,3-金刚烷二酸（H₂adc）、对苯二甲酸（1,4-H₂bdc）和邻苯二甲酸（1,2-H₂bdc）为配体,在室温下合成了3个锌配位聚合物{[Zn（μ₂-btre）（μ₂-adc）]H₂O}_n（1·H₂O）、[Zn₂（μ₂-btre）（μ₂-1,4-bdc）₂（H₂O）₂]_n（2）和[Zn（μ₂-btre）（μ₂-1,2-bdc）]_n（3）。测试了3个配合物的晶体结构,并用红外光谱、元素分析和粉末衍射对其进行表征。晶体结构测试表明,1为2D（4,4）网格结构,π-π作用将相邻的2D网格连接成3D结构。配合物2和3分别是3D和2D（4,4）网格结构。另外,研究了3个配合物的热稳定性和室温下的固体荧光。     

Physico-chemical properties of Chitosan films

Chitosan films obtained by dry phase inversion were prepared from an aqueous solution of chitosan in acetic acid. The films, of thickness less than 20 μm, were transparent, very flexible and had smooth surfaces. Increasing the film thickness induced an increase of the internal tensions and the consequent formation of a rough surface. Structural investigations by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform IR analysis, showed that the chitosan films, as prepared, are amorphous. Further annealing to evaporate acetic acid and water traces, changed the amorphous phase into a more ordered phase, characterized by diffraction peaks at 2θ values of 9, 17, 20 and 23 degrees. Thermal investigations by TG, DTG, and DTA revealed that the decomposition of the chitosan films as prepared proceeds in two stages, starting from 180°C and 540°C.     

Kinetische und thermodynamische Untersuchungen im System AgCl-LiCl-NaCl

In the ternary system silver chloride-lithium chloride-sodium chloride the kinetics of the galvanic deposition of silver on graphite electrodes was investigated as well as its dissolution without current in the molten salt saturated with chlorine gas.In addition the emf-values were measured in the temperature range between 923 K and 1,173 K by means of, the formation cell graphite/Ag(s)/AgCl(l)–LiCl(l)–NaCl(l)/Cl₂ graphite From these data the partial molar free excessGibbs energies were calculated. Using the equation for a multicomponent system as suggested byRedlich-Kister ¹ G _AgCl ^E values were obtained by a non-linear fitting process, where the fit was performed for all investigated temperatures and over the entire concentration range in the ternary system. With the parameters obtained the partial and integral excess valuesG _i ^E ,G ^E ,H _i ^E ,H ^E ,S _i ^E andS ^E were calculated.

     

Pyrazoles as molecular probes to study the properties of co-crystals by solid state NMR spectroscopy

Equimolar mixtures of 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (1) with four NH-imidazoles (2–5) have been studied by¹³C and ¹⁵N CPMAS NMR and by DSC. In three cases, the solid mixture behaves as the sum of the individual components [imidazole (2), 2-methylimidazole (3) and 2,4(5)-dimethylimidazole (5)]. In one case [4,5-dimethylimidazole (4)], the mixture corresponds to a new species in which the dynamic behavior of1 no longer exists.     

Aqueous p-nitrotoluene oxidation induced with direct glow discharge plasma

A plasma induced degradation process has been studied to treat 4-nitrotoluene (4-NT) present as an aqueous pollutant. The plasma was locally generated from a glow discharge around a tip of a platinum anode in an electrolytic solution. The influence of initial pH and Fe²⁺ on the degradation was examined. Major intermediates resulting from the degradation process were identified. Amongst the aromatic intermediates, p-hydroxybenzoic acid was the predominant degradation product. The formation of oxalic acid, malic acid was also observed. The final products of degradation were NH ₄ ⁺ , NO ₃ ⁻ and CO₂. Based on the analysis of intermediates and the kinetic considerations, the degradation was shown to follow a pseudo-first order reaction hence, a possible reaction pathway was proposed.     

Catalytic air oxidation of manganese in synthetic waters

An attempt was made to study the oxidation of manganese by air in synthetic waters. A series of batch experments were performed at differnet values of concentration, temperature and pH. Unoxidized manganese in the solution was determined by formaldoxime spectrometric method. Results of these studies indicated that the air oxidation of manganese soluble in water can be effectively performed in basic media and that oxidation yield increasedwith an increase in pH and concentration. The yield was very high in the presence of manganese dioxide, sepiolite or clinoptilolite in solution and, the oxidation was almost completed especially at high values of pH and concentration. The reaction was found to be first order with respect to Mn²⁺ with a very low activation energy. A yield of 62% was obtained for the air oxidation of wastewater taken from the treatment plant of Corum Municipality.     

Zur Kenntnis der Reaktionsfähigkeit des Thiomorpholins und alkylsubstituierter Thiomorpholine, 4. Mitt.

Thiomorpholine as well as alkyl substituted thiomorpholines and their Sdioxides, respectively, are transformed into the corresponding N-Aminothiomorpholines by nitrosation (1–5) followed by the reduction with zinc in acetic acid/acetic acid anhydride under simultaneous formation of the corresponding N-acetyl derivates, and hydrolysis by hydrochloric acid (6–9). Examples of this method are described. 4-Aminothiomorpholines and their Sdioxides react with aldehydes or ketones to give azomethines (10–31). Acylation with mono-and dicarbonic acid chlorides leads to the N-acyl derivatives32–44.Mannich condensation is also possible. By oxidation with yellow mercury oxide tetracenes are formed (46–47).

Teil der DissertationM. Schmitz, Techn. Hochschule Aachen, 1975.     

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of xylitol and galactitol by hexacyanoferrate(III) ion in aqueous alkaline medium

Kinetics of oxidation of xylitol and galactitol by hexacyanoferrate(III) ion in aqueous alkaline medium is reported. The reaction rate is of first order with respect to hexacyanoferrate(III) in each substrate. The reaction is first order at lower concentrations of xylitol and galactitol and tends towards zero order as the concentration increases. Similarly first order kinetics was obtained with respect to hydroxide ion at lower concentrations and tends to lower order at higher concentration in the oxidation of xylitol; in the oxidation of galactitol the reaction is first order with respect to hydroxide ion even up to manyfold variation. The course of reaction has been considered to proceed through the formation of an activated complex between [K Fe(CN)₆]^2– and substrate anion which decomposes slowly into radical and [K Fe(CN)₆]^3–. A probable reaction mechanism is proposed.

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Kinetik und Mechanismus der Oxidation von Xylit und Galaktit mit Hexacyanoferrat(III) in wäßriger, alkalischer Lösung

Zusammenfassung Das Geschwindigkeitsgesetz der Titelreaktion ist in beiden Fällen erster Ordnung bezüglich Hexacyanoferrat(III). Die Oxidation ist erster Ordnung bei niedrigen Konzentrationen von Xylit und Galaktit und geht bei Erhöhung der Konzentration gegen null. In gleicher Weise wurde eine Kinetik erster Ordnung bezüglich Hydroxyl bei niedrigen Konzentrationen und eine erniedrigte Ordnung bei höheren Konzentrationen für die Oxidation von Xylit beobachtet; bei Galaktit bleibt die Oxidation auch bei höheren Hydroxyl-Konzentrationen erster Ordnung. Es wird angenommen, daß die Reaktion über einen aktivierten Komplex zwischen [KFe(CN)₆]^2– und dem Substrat-Anion verläuft; dieser Komplex zerfällt in [KFe(CN)₆]^3– und ein Substrat-Radikal. Ein möglicher Reaktionsmechanismus wird vorgeschlagen.

     

Potentiometric studies on the complex formation of lanthanides with proline and hydroxyproline

The formation of the lanthanide (La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu) complexes with proline and hydroxyproline has been investigated by potentiometric methods as well as by a turbidimetric one which has provided some additional conclusions. It has been found that 11 and a slight amount of 21 complexes are formed. The deviation from the typical course of the formation function is discussed. It is suggested that the perturbations of complex formation in the systems are caused by hydrolysis. The stability constants of the complexes are reported.

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Potentiometrische Untersuchungen an Lanthanid-Komplexen von Prolin und Hydroxyprolin

Zusammenfassung Die Bildung von Lanthanid-Komplexen (La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu) mit Prolin und Hydroxyprolin wurde potentiometrisch und mit Hilfe von Trübungsmessungen untersucht. Es wurde festgestellt, daß sich Komplexe der Zusammensetzung 11 und in kleiner Menge auch 21 bilden. Die Abweichung von typischem Verlauf der Bildungskurven wurde untersucht. Es wurde dabei festgestellt, daß für die Störungen in der Komplexbildung die Hydrolyse verantwortlich ist. Die Stabilitätskonstanten wurden bestimmt.

     

Beiträge zur Chemie der Pyrrolpigmente, 40. Mitt.: Azafulvene,Schlüsselstellen beim Aufbau von Pyrrolpigmenten? —Eine neue Synthese von verdinoiden und rubinoiden Gallenfarbstoffen

Substituted azafulvenes were generated by dehydrogenation of 5-methyl-substituted pyrromethenones withDDQ and characterized by UV- and¹H-NMR-spectroscopy. Their electrophilic properties were demonstrated using several quenchers and furthermore they were used for a synthesis of verdinoid bile pigments (which easily can be converted to rubinoid systems by the action of NaBH₄) with nearly any desired unsymmetrical alkyl substitution patter: The azafulvene spezies was generated by the action ofDDQ on a 5-methylpyrromethenone and was quenched by an 5-unsubstituted pyrromethenone. The resulting rubinoid adduct was dehydrogenated immediatly byDDQ — yields were good to high.

39. Mitt.:Falk, H., Höllbacher, G., Hofer, O., Müller, N., Mh. Chem.112, 391 (1981).     

Beiträge zur Chemie der Pyrrolpigmente, 39. Mitt.: Ein Kraftfeldmodell zur konformationsanalytischen Untersuchung von Gallenfarbstoffen

A force field model was designed with respect to the special needs of bile pigments. It is parametrized and tested using partial structures of bile pigments as well as an integral pigment; the solution structures of the molecules were previously deduced using independent experimental methods.

38. Mitt::Falk, H., Schlederer, T., Wolshann, P., Mh. Chem.112, 199 (1981).