分光光度法测定青霉胺药片中青霉胺含量

青霉胺的巯基具有还原性,可将Fe(Ⅲ)还原Fe(Ⅱ),Fe(Ⅱ)能与2,2′-联吡啶形成桔红色的配合物,其最大吸收波长为524nm,据此提出了分光光度法间接测定青霉胺药片中青霉胺含量的方法。优化的试验条件如下:①pH 4.5的0.2 mol·L-1乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液用量为2.5mL;②0.2g·L-1氯化铁溶液用量为2mL;③1g·L-1 2,2′-联吡啶溶液用量为2.5mL;④显色时间为5min。青霉胺的质量浓度在26mg·L-1以内间接地与吸光度呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.01mg·L-1。采用此法测定了青霉胺药片中青霉胺含量,所得测定值与标示量相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)为2.4%。     

抗坏血酸间接示波极谱法测定

抗坏血酸的示波极谱法测定未见报道,作者在工作中发现α,α′-联吡啶与Fe(Ⅲ)在乙酸盐缓冲液中有一良好的络合吸附波,当有抗坏血酸存在时Fe(Ⅲ)被还原为Fe(Ⅱ),此波降低并显红色,即Fe(Ⅱ)与α,α′-联吡啶作田生成红色络离子(可比色测定)。抗坏血酸量在0～120μg/10ml范围内与其极谱波高呈负相关,r=-0.9983,以间接测定抗坏血酸。本法最低检出限10μg/10ml,精密度准确度良好,操作简便快速,宜推广应用。     

H2O2-Fe(Ⅲ)-酸性铬蓝K催化体系测定超痕量铁

盐酸介质中以酸性铬蓝K为指示剂,以 H2O2 为氧化剂,在 2,2′-联吡啶活化下 Fe(Ⅲ) 加速反应,考察了影响反应速度的最佳条件,探讨了反应机理,反应表观活化能为 87.9 kJ.mol-1,反应的表观速率方程是 dcACBK/dt=kcACBK·cH2O2·c2H+·cbipy·cFe(Ⅲ),方法对 Fe(Ⅲ) 的检出限是 8×10-11 g/mL,测定范围是 0.00～50 μg/10 L,已用于 A.R 级氢氧化钾、A.R 级盐酸及水体样品中铁的测定.     

Cu(Ⅱ)催化抗坏血酸还原偶氮肿Ⅲ褪色反应的研究和应用

研究了在HOAc-NaOAc介质中,用2,2′-联吡啶作活化剂,Cu(Ⅱ)催化抗坏血酸还原偶氨肿Ⅲ褪色反应的适宜条件和影响因素,建立了测定痕量铜的新方法.测定范围为0～0.22μg/25ml,方法灵敏度为2.04×10~(-11)g·ml~(-1).直接用于童发和食品中铜的测定,结果满意.     

含空穴传输基团三联吡啶(2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine)衍生物铕配合物的合成及发光性能研究

以2,2′∶6′,2″-三联吡啶(L1)为基础,通过引入不同的空穴传输基团合成了4′-咔唑基-2,2′∶6′,2″-三联吡啶(L2),4′-二苯基胺基-2,2′∶6′,2″-三联吡啶(L3),4′-二(4-叔丁基苯基)胺基-2,2′∶6′,2″-三联吡啶(L4),4′-(N-苯基-1-萘基)胺基-2,2′∶6′,2″-三联吡啶(L5),4′-(N-苯基-2-萘基)胺基-2,2′∶6′,2″-三联吡啶(L6)5个N,N,N-三齿中性配体,然后以三氟乙酰噻吩丙酮(HTTA)作为第一配体合成了6种铕配合物。在369~373 nm激发条件下,配合物都表现出铕离子5D0-7FJ(J=0,1,2,3,4)的特征发射。引入不同的空穴传输基团后,在铕离子的周围形成了"光吸收天线"(light-harvesting antenna),不仅扩大了配合物吸收光能的范围、增强了配合物的吸收强度,而且提高了配合物的光致发光性能。其中含有咔唑基团的配合物具有最强的发光强度和最长的激发态寿命。     

直接快速极谱法测定生物样品中的痕量铬

报道了在亚硝酸钠-2,2′-联吡啶-溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)中铬(Ⅵ)的极谱催化波。在0.24mol/LNaNO2-4×10-5mol/L2,2′-联吡啶-1.6×10-5mol/LCTMAB(pH8.0)底液中,极谱催化波峰电位EP=-1.39V(vs.SCE),其峰电流与铬(Ⅵ)浓度在0～20ng/mL范围内有良好的线性关系。方法可用于测定生物样猪肝及猪肾中痕量铬(Ⅵ)。对极谱波的性质进行了初步探讨。     

铁氰化钾-Fe(Ⅲ)分光光度法测定盐酸氯丙嗪

建立了以铁氰化钾-Fe(Ⅲ)体系测定盐酸氯丙嗪的新方法.研究表明,盐酸氯丙嗪可以使Fe(Ⅲ)还原为Fe(Ⅱ),还原生成的Fe(Ⅱ)可以与K3[Fe(CN)6]反应生成可溶性普鲁士蓝KFe[Fe(CN)6].盐酸氯丙嗪的质量浓度在0.21-32.00μg/mL范围内与吸光度呈现良好线性关系,线性回归方程A=0.01854+0.07652p(μg/mL),相关系数R=0.9992,摩尔吸光系数ε=2.5×10(4)·L·mol-1·cm-1,检出限0.12μg/mL.方法用于测定药物和血清中盐酸氯丙嗪含量,回收率为98.1%～101.3%.     

泡沫塑料富集–石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定贝类水产品中痕量铊

采取微波消解的前处理手段消解样品,经泡沫塑料分离富集后,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定贝类水产品中痕量铊。以1.5 mL Fe3+,2 mL H2O2和5%王水介质作为吸附体系将样品中铊分离富集,再以硝酸钯、抗坏血酸作为基体改进剂进行测定。铊的质量浓度在0～50μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.999 7,方法的检出限可达0.07μg/g。测定结果的相对别准偏差为1.53%～4.01%(n=7),加标回收率为87.1%～98.3%。泡沫塑料富集–石墨炉子吸收光谱法测定贝类水产品中痕量铊是一种准确、安全、便捷的检测方法。     

固相研磨合成4,4′-联吡啶季铵盐

采用室温固相研磨的方法,4,4′-联吡啶与连有阻塞基的乙氧乙醇磺酸酯(或苄溴)反应,得到单取代的4,4′-联吡啶六氟磷酸盐(2),2再与α,α′-二(溴甲基)-2,2′-联吡啶反应,得到哑铃型化合物——2,2′-联吡啶桥连的双-4,4′-联吡啶六氟磷酸盐(3),收率约90%。2和3的结构经1HNMR,13CNMR和MS表征。     

吐温20存在下铜(Ⅱ)-α,α′-联吡啶-2,2′-二氯-4,4′-二硝基重氮氨基苯分光光度研究及其分析应用

在吐温20存在的碱性溶液中,铜(Ⅱ)、α,α′-联吡啶与2,2′-二氯-4,4′-二硝基重氮氨基苯(2,2′-diCl-DNAAB)迅速形成1:1:2的三元络合物(在550nm处几乎无吸收),使试剂2,2′-diCl-DNAAB的最大吸收550nm处的吸光度迅速减小,借此测定痕量铜。适宜pH为10.8—11.7;在50毫升溶液中含有1.0—2.5毫升5％吐温20、1.0—320μmolα,α′-联吡啶、2.5—5.0毫升0.2mmol/L2,2′-diCl-DNAAB、4.0—12.0毫升乙醇对吸光度无影响。铜量在0—19微克/25毫升范围服从比尔定律;表观摩尔吸光系数为1.05×10~5。考查了60种离子或化合物对测定的影响。方法应用于工业废水和铁矿中微量铜的测定,结果令人满意。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).