红外显微观测被俘获吸光性颗粒

光镊技术被广泛应用在俘获和操纵微纳米尺寸颗粒, 目前被研究学者普遍接受的俘获吸光性颗粒的机理为光泳力. 本文实现了对空气中被俘获的吸光性颗粒的红外显微观测. 当激光器功率为1.0 W时, 成功观测到被俘获墨粉颗粒(直径约7 μm)和甲苯胺蓝颗粒(直径约为1–20 μm)的温升约为14 K, 为光泳力理论提供了强有力的证据. 另外, 首次用可见光显微镜和红外显微镜同时观测到被俘获颗粒的周期振荡现象, 并分析了振荡现象的产生机理. 关键词： 光镊 光俘获 红外显微     

泽尼克多项式校正全息阵列光镊像差的实验研究

像差会影响光镊对粒子的捕获效果. 全息阵列光镊中, 像差不仅来自光学元件, 由特定算法设计的光阱相位片也会在光路中引入像差. 本文通过液晶空间光调制器加载泽尼克多项式相位图, 对全息阵列光镊中由光栅透镜组型算法引起的像差进行校正. 结果显示: 利用三阶泽尼克多项式可有效消除光路中由光栅透镜组型算法引 起的慧差, 使得捕获2 μm聚苯乙烯小球的阵列光阱刚度提高了约40%; 对比不同项的像差校正结果发现, 全息阵列光镊中由算法引起的慧差 与光学元件引起的像差一样, 也会对阵列光阱的捕获效果产生较大影响; 同时根据一阶像差校正结果可得光栅透镜 组型算法对于一阶泽尼克像差具有鲁棒性. 实验结果表明, 对全息阵列光镊中由 算法引起的像差进行校正, 对于提高光阱的捕获效果和深化对算法特性的认识都具有重要意义.     

高斯型弱散射屏产生的像面散斑场的分布特性研究

弱散射屏产生的远场散斑由一个中央亮斑和一个分布于亮斑周围而与正态散斑类似的散斑结构, 根据弱散射屏远场的散斑图样, 人们假设弱散射屏产生的像面散斑为均匀背景与正态散斑两者相干叠加的结果, 但这种假设与实际像面散斑存在歧异, 基于上述情况, 本文利用4f高通滤波光学成像系统, 研究了高斯型弱散射屏产生的像面散斑场的统计特性, 得出只有表面均方根粗糙度与入射光波的波长相差不多时上述假设才是可行的结论. 关键词： 弱散射屏 f光学成像系统')" href="#">4f光学成像系统 像面散斑     

涡旋光束形成的散斑场光强和相位的分布特性

通过对不同拓扑荷的涡旋光束经随机表面散射后在衍射区形成的横向和纵向光强分布的模拟,发现散斑颗粒的横向和纵向的平均尺寸比用高斯光束照明随机表面产生的散斑颗粒平均尺寸小很多,并且随着涡旋光束拓扑荷和光斑半径的增大而减小,同时散斑场相位涡旋的密度随着涡旋光束拓扑荷和光斑半径的增大而增大。利用这种方法可以方便地选择不同拓扑荷和光斑半径的涡旋光束照射随机表面,得到合适的散斑颗粒来捕获更小的微粒。这种结果还可以用来降低散斑噪声。     

用散斑对板测钠光波长

本文介绍如何利用散斑对板测钠光波长。与其它的分波面法双光束干涉实验方法相比,此种方法具有操作简便,误差小等优点。一、实验原理(1)散斑对板当激光束照射到漫射物体上时,因散射光相互干涉而在空间形成随机分布的亮斑和暗斑——激光散斑(图1)。理论表明:来自直径     

基于低损光学相变和超透镜的可控多阱光镊

为提升光镊在三维空间中对粒子的捕获性能,本文设计和分析了新型的双阱和多阱超透镜光镊方案.首先基于低损耗相变材料Sb₂S₃设计了可控超透镜双阱光镊,并对两个半径为250 mm的SiO₂粒子所受光力进行了矢量横向分析和轴向分析.仿真实验结果表明,当Sb₂S₃在晶态下时,超透镜捕获的两个粒子的横向光阱刚度k_x分别达到了约25.7 pN/(μm·W)和37.4 pN/(μm·W),轴向光阱刚度k_z均约为10.0 pN/(μm·W);而当Sb₂S₃在非晶态下时,k_x和k_z值均降低到其对应晶态下的1/10,且此时粒子在z方向上不能被稳定捕获,从而实现了在三维空间中对粒子的可控捕获.进一步本文给出了阵列式的可控多阱光镊.通过调控相变材料Sb₂S₃的晶态和非晶态,能形成不同组合粒子的三维捕获方案.这些新型可控光镊可实现多...     

反射式赝热光源散斑场的三维特性研究

傅里叶变换关联成像通常采用透射式赝热光源,但透射产生散斑的纵向尺寸过大限制了成像纵向分辨率且透射式赝热光的光通量较低,这对实现三维傅里叶变换关联成像造成了阻碍。为解决这一问题,理论推导了反射式赝热光源散斑场的光强涨落关联函数,给出了散射屏放置在不同空间位置和倾斜角度时的纵向散斑尺寸。同时,进行了基于统计光学的数值模拟,模拟结果与理论结果吻合。结果表明,通过减小散射角和增大散射屏方位角等方法可以有效降低观察点处的纵向散斑尺寸,从而提高纵向成像分辨率。     

散斑自相关分辨率测量和修正

散斑相关是许多基于散斑的光学测量和成像技术的基础,决定了光学系统的分辨率。当前散斑尺寸（颗粒度或分辨率）的理论描述不够精确,也缺乏实验验证。探究了散斑图样自相关尺寸的影响因素,与相同数值孔径物镜聚焦进行比对,揭示薄散射介质的“散射透镜”性质。通过散斑自相关和透镜聚焦尺寸的多组测量,结果表明,截趾函数会影响其分辨率,需要根据具体光路对阿贝判据做修正。对基于散斑的测量和成像技术具有一定的参考价值。     

轴棱锥——透镜系统的光束传输与变换

对平面波经过轴棱锥--透镜系统的整个演绎过程进行详细的理论分析,数值模拟和实验验证.平面波经过轴棱锥产生横向光场不变的近似无衍射光,在最大无衍射距离内加入合适透镜将产生局域空心光束(Bottlebeam),而空心光束的尺寸可通过改变透镜焦距进行控制.当光束继续传播,贝塞尔(Bessel)光发生自重建(Self-reconstruction),但重建的Bessel光将会发散,光强随着传播距离增大而迅速下降,且中心亮斑尺寸也迅速增大.通过引入另一聚焦透镜对光束进行修正,恢复了Bessel光束的无衍射的特性.利用显微镜-CCD光束分析系统获得不同传播距离的截面光强分布,实验结果和理论分析及数值模拟相吻合.     

X光超瑞利散斑场傅里叶变换关联成像模拟研究

X光傅里叶变换关联成像有望实现台式纳米显微系统,但在实际应用中受限于较低的光通量和成像信噪比,重构图像质量不佳.为解决这一问题,针对X光调制屏的二元特性,研究了基于X光超瑞利散斑场的傅里叶变换关联成像技术,并理论推导了二元调制屏调制散斑场,提出将散斑场对比度以及局部对比度之差作为目标函数,用带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法优化设计二元调制屏.数值仿真结果表明,该方法可以得到高对比度的X光超瑞利散斑场,利用X光超瑞利散斑场可实现傅里叶变换关联成像,提高图像可见度,在低信噪比条件下提高图像质量.     

Photoselective laser photo-ion microscopy with 5 nm resolution

Spectral selectivity has been attained in the method of field-ion microscopy with a spatial resolution of about 5 nm and time-of-flight determination of the photo-ion masses. Light-absorbing CdS_xSe_1−x nanocrystals in a transparent glass matrix are detected by irradiating field tips made from red light filters with copper-vapor laser radiation. The nanocrystals appeared in the photo-ion images as bright spots on a dark background. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 67, No. 7, 450–454 (10 April 1998)     

Optical vortex beams for trapping and transport of particles in air

In this paper we show that laser beams containing phase singularity can be used for trapping and guiding light-absorbing particles in air. The experiments were performed with agglomerates of carbon nanoparticles with the size in the range 0.1–10 μm; the typical cw laser power was of a few mW. The stability of open-air three-dimensional trapping was within ±2 μm in both the transverse and the longitudinal directions. The particle position on the beams axis within the trap can be controlled by changing the relative intensity of two beams. The distinguishing feature of the trapping strategy is that particles are trapped at the intensity minimum of the beam, thus with minimum heating and intervention into the particle properties, which is important for direct studies of particle properties and for air-trapping of living cells.     

Free-space lossless state detection of a single trapped atom

We demonstrate the lossless state-selective detection of a single rubidium 87 atom trapped in an optical tweezer. This detection is analogous to the one used on trapped ions. After preparation in either a dark or a bright state, we probe the atom internal state by sending laser light that couples an excited state to the bright state only. The laser-induced fluorescence is collected by a high numerical aperture lens. The single-shot fidelity of the detection is 98.6±0.2% and is presently limited by the dark count noise of the detector. The simplicity of this method opens new perspectives in view of applications to quantum manipulations of neutral atoms.     

Numerical investigation of the effect of signal trapping on soot measurements using LII in laminar coflow diffusion flames

Laser-induced incandescence has been rapidly developed into a powerful diagnostic technique for measurements of soot in many applications. The incandescence intensity generated by laser-heated soot particles at the measurement location suffers the signal trapping effect caused by absorption and scattering by soot particles present between the measurement location and the detector. The signal trapping effect was numerically investigated in soot measurements using both a 2D LII setup and the corresponding point LII setup at detection wavelengths of 400 and 780 nm in a laminar coflow ethylene/air flame. The radiative properties of aggregated soot particles were calculated using the Rayleigh–Debye–Gans polydisperse fractal aggregate theory. The radiative transfer equation in emitting, absorbing, and scattering media was solved using the discrete-ordinates method. The radiation intensity along an arbitrary direction was obtained using the infinitely small weight technique. The contribution of scattering to signal trapping was found to be negligible in atmospheric laminar diffusion flames. When uncorrected LII intensities are used to determine soot particle temperature and the soot volume fraction, the errors are smaller in 2D LII setup where soot particles are excited by a laser sheet. The simple Beer–Lambert exponential attenuation relationship holds in LII applications to axisymmetric flames as long as the effective extinction coefficient is adequately defined.     

基于倏逝场微小粒子驱动技术研究进展

处于倏逝场中的微小粒子会受到辐射压力的作用而朝着倏逝场的传播方向运动,基于此原理的微小粒子驱动技术可用于介质颗粒、胶体颗粒、生物细胞等微小粒子的捕获和驱动.由于倏逝场光学微操作系统不会受到物镜焦深和激光光斑尺寸的限制,因此它比自由空间系统的优越性更强,而波导形成的光学力可以应用于长距离驱动,其仅仅受限于系统的散射和吸收...     

Formation mechanism for a hybrid supramolecular network involving cooperative interactions

A novel mechanism of hybrid assembly of molecules on surfaces is proposed stemming from interactions between molecules and on-surface metal atoms which eventually got trapped inside the network pores. Based on state-of-the-art theoretical calculations, we find that the new mechanism relies on formation of molecule-metal atom pairs which, together with molecules themselves, participate in the assembly growth. Most remarkably, the dissociation of pairs is facilitated by a cooperative interaction involving many molecules. This new mechanism is illustrated on a low coverage Melamine hexagonal network on the Au(111) surface where multiple events of gold atoms trapping via a set of so-called "gate" transitions are found by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations based on transition rates obtained using ab initio density functional theory calculations and the nudged elastic band method. Simulated STM images of gold atoms trapped in the pores of the Melamine network predict that the atoms should appear as bright spots inside Melamine hexagons. No trapping was found at large Melamine coverages, however. These predictions have been supported by preliminary STM experiments which show bright spots inside Melamine hexagons at low Melamine coverages, while empty pores are mostly observed at large coverages. Therefore, we suggest that bright spots sometimes observed in the pores of molecular assemblies on metal surfaces may be attributed to trapped substrate metal atoms. We believe that this type of mechanism could be used for delivering adatom species of desired functionality (e.g., magnetic) into the pores of hydrogen-bonded networks serving as templates for their capture.     

Determination of Easy Axis in a Chemical Ferromagnet, 4-(p-Chlorobenzylideneamino)–TEMPO (TEMPO=2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-Oxyl)

The trapping sites for muon and muonium in ferromagnetic p-Cl–Ph–CH=N–TEMPO [(4-(p-chlorobenzylideneamino)–TEMPO (TEMPO = 2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-1-yloxyl)] and the hyperfine interaction tensors for these sites are obtained using first-principles Unrestricted Hartree–Fock theory. The calculated hyperfine interactions are used to compare the calculated zero field muon spin rotation (μSR) frequencies for different choices for the easy axis and the observed frequency. It has been concluded that the two trapping centers that can best explain the observed μSR frequency are a trapped singlet muonium near the radical oxygen and a trapped muon site near the chlorine. The direction of the easy axis also is determined to be the b-axis of the monoclinic lattice. This direction for the easy axis is confirmed by determining the direction of the distributed magnetization in the molecular solid which leads to a minimum dipole–dipole interaction energy. The consequences of this agreement for the easy axis direction by two independent procedures are discussed. This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A clustered speckle approach to optical trapping

An in situ study of the clustered speckle 3D structure using an optical tweezer setup is presented. Clustered speckles appear when a coherently illuminated diffuser is imaged through a pupil mask with several apertures, properly distributed over a closed path, which is placed before the objective lens of a standard optical trapping system. Thus, light volumes are reduced several times when compared with standard speckles, being even smaller than the focus volume of a Gaussian beam commonly used to trap. Moreover, clustered speckles have odd statistical properties which differentiated it from standard speckles. Then, geometrically ordered multiple trapping arrays, with statistical random distribution of intensities, can be created with this technique. This fact could enable different studies concerning optical binding or new developments in coherent matter wave transport where Optical Trapping has been proven with standard speckles. In this work, a qualitative analysis of clustered speckles in an optical tweezer setup relative to the number of apertures in the mask and their size is carried on. Besides, in the Rayleigh regime, a general quantitative method to characterize the trapping capability of an optical field is proposed. Then, it is applied to clustered speckles. As a result, a relation between aperture size and the maximum size of the particles that could be trapped is found. This fact opens the possibility of engineering the statistic of the trapped particles by properly selecting the pupil mask.     

轴向多光阱微粒捕获与实时直接观测技术

传统的光镊技术使用单个物镜同时进行光学捕获与显微成像,使得捕获与成像区域被限制在物镜焦平面附近,无法同时观察到沿光轴方向(即Z向)捕获的多个微粒.本文提出一种轴平面(XZ平面)GerchbergSaxton迭代算法来产生沿轴向分布的多光阱阵列,将轴平面成像技术与光镊结合,实现了沿轴向对二氧化硅微球的多光阱同时捕获与实时观测.通过视频分析法测量了多个二氧化硅微球在轴向光镊阵列中的布朗运动,并标定了光阱刚度.本文提出的轴向多光阱微粒捕获与实时观测技术为光学微操纵提供了一个新的观测视角和操纵方法,为生物医学、物理学等相关领域研究提供了一种新的技术手段.