2—乙基己基膦酸单（2—乙基己基）酯萃淋树脂分离—火花源质谱法测定…

本文采用萃取色谱法以２－乙基己基膦酸单（２－乙基己基）酯（Ｐ５０７）萃淋树脂为固定相，以ＨＣｌ－ＮＨ４Ｃｌ体系为淋洗液，研究了９９．９９９％￣９９．９９９９％的高纯Ｙｂ２Ｏ３中稀土杂质和Ｙｂ基体的分离条件，将杂质淋洗液富集于复合螯合剂－活性碳上，经灼烧灰化后制成样品电极，进行质谱测定。测定下限达０．０１￣０．０５μｇ／ｇ，可用于高纯Ｙｂ２Ｏ３中杂质的测定。回收率在８０％以上。     

2-乙基己基膦酸单2-乙基己基酯和二(2-乙基己基)磷酸从硫酸介质中协同萃取Ce(Ⅳ)的研究

研究了用2-乙基己基膦酸单-2-乙基己基酯(HEH/EHP,P507)和二(2-乙基己基)磷酸(HDEHP,P204)从硫酸介质中协同萃取Ce(Ⅳ)的机制.结果表明:在HEH/EHP的摩尔分散在0.6时,体系的协萃系数最大.Ce(Ⅳ)以Ce(SO4)0.5HL2A2的形式被萃人有机相,协萃反应为阳离子交换机制.同时还得到了HEH/EHP和HDEHP从硫酸介质中协同萃取Ce(Ⅳ)时,体系的平衡常数及热力学函数如△G,△H和△S等.     

2-乙基己基膦酸单2-乙基己基酯萃淋树脂的物理性能与分离性能的关系

1　引　　言萃取色谱法对于高纯稀土的分离具有其它方法无可比拟的独特优点 ,但该法仍存在负载量低、萃取剂利用率较低等不足。要克服这些不足 ,一是使用高选择的萃取剂作固定相 ,已证明 2 乙基己基膦酸单 2 乙基己基酯 (即Ｐ5 0 7)萃取剂是目前性能最好 ;二是提高柱效率 ,可通过改善色谱操作技术及色谱柱型式的设计或改善树脂物理结构来实现。而从树脂物理结构的角度提高柱效率的报道很少。本实验室原先对Ｐ5 0 7萃淋树脂的孔结构已做过一些研究 ,表明适宜的孔结构有利于萃取剂分布均匀 ,可提高萃取剂的利用率和分离性能 ,但树脂制备和分…     

2-乙基己基膦酸单(2-乙基己基)酯对两价金属离子的萃取平衡

本文报导用2-乙基己基膦酸单(2-乙基己基)酯在煤油溶剂中萃取Sn(II),Pb(II), Zn(II)和Cd(II)等的平衡, 应用斜率法研究了萃取平衡; 合成了与Zn(II)和Pb(II)固体萃合物, 在元素分析和有关离子分析的基础上结合最小二乘法线性回归探讨了萃取机理及有关萃合物组成; 考察了在加入三辛基氧化膦(TOPO)时, 2,乙基己基膦酸单(2-乙基己基)酯对金属离子萃取性能的影响.     

2-乙基己基膦酸单2-乙基己基酯与钕的萃合物在正己烷溶液中的结构研究

用蒸气压渗透法和红外光谱法测定了2-乙基己基膦酸单2-乙基己基酯[HEH(EHP),以下简称 HA]与钕的萃合物在含有不同浓度的 HA-正己烷溶液中的平均聚合度.NdA_3在37℃下的正己烷中溶解度约为1.2×10~(-2)mol·dm~(-3),此时 NdA_3的平均聚合度为7,(?)取桥式与钕配位.向该溶液中不断加入 HA 时,生成 NdA_3·nHA(n=1,2,3),部分桥式配位被单齿配位的(?)所取代,同时平均聚合度下降,当~C(HA)/~CNdA_3≥3时,平均聚合度下降为1,桥式配位的膦氧桥大部分被单齿配位的膦氧根所代替.在所有情况下钕的配位数均为6.     

微溶剂萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定水中邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯

取水样25mL,加入无水硫酸钠3.0g,加入环己烷2.0mL,振荡萃取3min。移取萃取了邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)的上层有机相2.0μL注入HP-5毛细管柱(30m×0.32mm,0.25μm)色谱分离后进行质谱测定。DEHP的质量浓度在50.0μg.L-1以内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.052μg.L-1。分析了早、中、晚不同时间的天津市自来水,并用标准加入法做回收试验,测得回收率在97.0%～109.4%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于2.5%。     

用2-乙基己基膦酸单(2-乙基己基)酯自硫酸溶液中萃取铟的机理研究

为了考察酸性磷类萃取剂化学结构上的差别对铟的萃取性能影响,本文研究了酸度对2-乙基己基膦酸单(2-乙基己基)酯[HEH(EH)P]萃取铟的影响,并与二(2-乙基己基)磷酸[HDEHP]进行比较;应用斜率法确定了萃取平衡反应;用饱和法制得了萃铟配合物,并测定了它们的红外光谱和核磁共振谱,在此基础上探讨了HEH(EH)P萃取铟的机理.     

2-乙基己基膦酸单(2-乙基己基)酯树脂色层分离电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钢中微量稀土元素

本文采用2-乙基己基膦酸单(2-乙基己基)酯(P-507)树脂,使微量稀土元素与钢中的基体元素,铁、钛、钒和钼分离,以 3.0 mol/L盐酸溶液洗脱P-507色层柱上的稀土元素,采用电感耦合等离子体原子光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定了钢中La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Y和 Gd 7种微量稀土元素.试样的标准加入回收率99.3％～108％;相对标准偏差小于5％.     

2-乙基己基膦酸单2-乙基己基酯从硫酸溶液中萃取铈(Ⅳ)的机理

研究了2-乙基己基膦酸单2-乙基己基酯的正己烷溶液在硫酸介质中萃取铈(Ⅳ)和硫酸的平衡规律。通过IR,NMR 测定和科率法研究,提出了在不同硫酸浓度下铈(Ⅳ)和硫酸的萃取机理。研究了不同溶剂和温度对萃取平衡的影响,计算了浓度平衡常数K、△H、△Z和△S。     

2-乙基己基膦酸单2-乙基己基酯与稀土络合物的FT-IR研究

本文制备了15种稀土元素与2-乙基已基膦酸单2-乙基已基酸(EHPAEH)的固体和溶液络合物,测定了他们的FT-IR光谱和减法光谱。在固体和溶液络合物的减法光谱中,在1200cm^-1和990cm^-1附近,得到两对正峰和负峰。前一对分别对应于ν_p=0→M和ν_p=0,后—对分别对应于ν_p-0-M和ν_p-0-H。 ν_p=0→M,ν_p—0—M和远红外区的150cm^-1峰(ν_0=M)随镧系原子序数的变化,表现出明显的“四分组”效应。稀土元素钇(Y)的位置在Er和Tm之间。     

A new68Ge/68Ga generator based on CeO2

A new⁶⁸Ge/⁶⁸Ga generator using CeO₂ as absorbent for⁶⁸Ge has been developed. Sharp elution curves were obtained by using 0.02 mol/l HCl as eluent. About 56% of⁶⁸Ga formed on the column was concentrated in 0.5 ml of eluate. Neither radioactive impurities, nor dissolved cerium were found in the eluate.     

萃取色谱分离-原子发射光谱测定超高纯氧化铥、氧化镱和氧化镥中痕量稀土杂质

用２－乙基己基膦酸单２－乙基己酯萃取色谱分离－原子发射光谱测定超高纯Ｔｍ２Ｏ３、Ｙｂ２Ｏ３、Ｌｕ２Ｏ３中痕量稀土杂质，可用于纯度为９９．９９９９％～９９．９９９９９％（不含非稀土杂质）Ｔｍ２Ｏ３、Ｙｂ２Ｏ３、Ｌｕ２Ｏ３的纯度分析，１４个稀土杂质的回收率在６７％～１３３％之间；相对标准偏差 ５．１％～２３．２％；分离周期 １０～１３ ｈ。     

Specific radioactivity of neutron induced radioisotopes: assessment methods and application for medically useful 177Lu production as a case

The conventional reaction yield evaluation for radioisotope production is not sufficient to set up the optimal conditions for producing radionuclide products of the desired radiochemical quality. Alternatively, the specific radioactivity (SA) assessment, dealing with the relationship between the affecting factors and the inherent properties of the target and impurities, offers a way to optimally perform the irradiation for production of the best quality radioisotopes for various applications, especially for targeting radiopharmaceutical preparation. Neutron-capture characteristics, target impurity, side nuclear reactions, target burn-up and post-irradiation processing/cooling time are the main parameters affecting the SA of the radioisotope product. These parameters have been incorporated into the format of mathematical equations for the reaction yield and SA assessment. As a method demonstration, the SA assessment of 177Lu produced based on two different reactions, 176Lu (n,γ)177Lu and 176Yb (n,γ) 177Yb (β- decay) 177Lu, were performed. The irradiation time required for achieving a maximum yield and maximum SA value was evaluated for production based on the 176Lu (n,γ)177Lu reaction. The effect of several factors (such as elemental Lu and isotopic impurities) on the 177Lu SA degradation was evaluated for production based on the 176Yb (n,γ) 177Yb (β- decay) 177Lu reaction. The method of SA assessment of a mixture of several radioactive sources was developed for the radioisotope produced in a reactor from different targets.     

Yb3+ as an origin of the strong anti-Stokes luminescence in NIR FT-Raman spectra of some lanthanide sesquioxides

Strong anti-Stokes bands observed in FT-Raman spectra of Y2O3, Gd2O3 and Lu2O3 are explained by NIR luminescence of Yb3+ impurities present in sesquioxides after the excitation with the 1064 nm line of an Nd:YAG laser. Samples of Y2O3:Yb, Ga2O3:Yb, CeO2:Yb, Gd2O3:Yb and Lu2O3:Yb were prepared by solution combustion synthesis procedure using urea. All materials were investigated by FT-Raman and FT-NIR spectroscopy and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction.     

Determination of rare earth impurities in high purity gadolinium oxide by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after 2-ethylhexylhydrogen-ethylhexy phosphonate extraction chromatographic separation

A method was developed for the determination of rare earth impurities in high purity Gd(2)O(3) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The matrix suppression effect of Gd(2)O(3) on signals of rare earth impurities was compensated for by Re internal standardization. The spectra overlap interferences from GdH, GdO, GdOH(n) (n=1-3) on Tb, Tm, Yb and Lu were eliminated by 2-thylhexylhydrogen-2-ethylhexy phosphonate (EHEHP) extraction chromatographic separation. The detection limits for REEs were 0.005-0.017 ng ml(-1) in solution and 0.002-0.05 mug g(-1) in solid. Recoveries of spiked sample for REEs were from 88 to 121% with the precision of 1.0-7.5% RSD. Determination of trace REEs in two Gd(2)O(3) samples were performed. The method can be applied to analysis of 99.99-99.9999% high purity Gd(2)O(3).     

In-situ vaporization and matrix removal for the determination of rare earth impurities in zirconium dioxide by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

A novel method for the determination of trace rare earth impurities in ZrO₂ powder has been developed based on electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. A polytetrafluoroethylene slurry was used as a fluorinating reagent to convert both the matrix (Zr) and the analytes (rare earth elements) into fluorides with different volatilities at a high temperature in a graphite furnace. The more volatile ZrF₄ was removed in-situ by selective vaporization prior to the determination of the analytes, removing matrix spectral interferences. Under optimum operating conditions, the absolute detection limits of the analytes varied from 0.04 ng (Yb) to 0.50 ng (Pr) with relative standard deviations less than 5%. The recommended approach has been successfully applied to the determination of trace rare earth impurities (La, Pr, Eu, Gd, Ho and Yb) in ZrO₂ powder and the results were in good agreement with those obtained by pneumatic nebulization inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry after the separation of the matrix using a solvent extraction procedure.     

Separation of lithium isotope by NTOE compound

In recent years chances of using rhenium-186 and rhenium-188 as radioactive isotopes in diagnostic and therapeutic applications are increased very much due to the characteristic radiochemical and chemical properties of these two radioisotopes. In particular, chemical similarities between⁹⁹Tc and^99mTc pair and¹⁸⁶Re and¹⁸⁸Re pair make it easier to correlate the two groups of compounds. Rhenium-188 is generated from the beta-decay of tungsten-188 which was produced by double neutron capture on enriched tungsten-186 oxide. It is of great interest to examine the impurities in the eluate by radiochemical neutron activation. For this purpose, the preconcentration of the impurities in samples were necessary, and it was achieved by adsorption on hydrated magnesium oxide.     

Preparation of radiochemically pure radionuclides145Sm,152+154Eu and169Yb

The separation of radioactive impurities from the original radioactive material allows to achieve a higher precision of nuclear characteristic measurements of radioactive standards. The different ability of lanthanoides to form amalgams has been used for the separation of¹⁴⁵Sm,^152+154Eu and¹⁶⁹Yb from radioactive impurities. The optimum conditions for electrolysis on mercury electrode followed by the sorption on cellulose powder used for the preparation of weightless standards have been described.     

Simple and rapid method for the isolation of forskolin from Coleus forskohlii by charcoal column chromatography

A simple, safe, rapid and economical method was developed for the isolation of high-purity forskolin from Coleus forskohlii roots using activated charcoal as an adsorbent in a column. The elution was carried out under reduced pressure to make the process rapid. Activated charcoal acted as a reversed phase adsorbent and allowed elution of forskolin without much impurities. The residue, obtained from the eluate was purified and crystallized using different solvent mixtures to obtain pure forskolin. The forskolin isolated was analyzed and characterized by UV, IR, RP-HPLC, electrospray ionization MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The yield was 0.097% w/w (RSD 5.6%). The purity was 96.9% w/w (RSD 0.3%) as determined by RP-HPLC. The present method enables researchers to produce high-purity forskolin in their labs by using common chemicals.     

Phosphotungstate as a useful eluent for hepatitis-B virus surface antigen purification by heparin-sepharose affinity chromatography.

On the basis of the heparin-like effect of phosphotungstate (PTA), we have shown that it is useful for the purification of hepatitis-B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) using heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. HBsAg was eluted with 0.2-0.6 M NaCl. HBsAg was also eluted with PTA at approximately 1 mM, and the HBsAg fraction thus obtained contained fewer impurities than the corresponding fraction eluted with NaCl. Moreover, PTA yielded HBsAg and hepatitis-B virus e-antigen simultaneously. PTA may specifically reduce the affinity of HBsAg for heparin as well as simply competing with heparin for an anion-binding site of HBsAg. Residual PTA in the eluate was easily decomposed by alkalization, which was useful for subsequent studies.