无吡啶的费休试剂法水份分析

经典的卡尔-费休试剂法测定水,虽具有快速、准确、再现性好等优点。但试剂毒性较大,且试剂配制手续麻烦。应用有机碱类,如苯胺,吗啉、二甲苯胺、喹啉等,得到的试剂是不稳定的。我们在1976年,改用无吡啶的费休试剂:用无水乙酸钠代替吡啶和在试剂里加入比升华碘稳定的碘化钾,测定了尿素,精三聚甲醛单体,二氯乙烷,苯(水饱和溶液),酒精,三水合乙酸钠等多种样品中的微量水或常量水均得到了满意的结果。     

电量法测定重整原料油中微量水

本法是以卡尔-费休试剂为电解液,采用恒电流库仑分析法测定重整原料油中的微量水。用2到5毫升油样即可定量的检出1ppm的水含量。当油中水含量大于10ppm时,两次平行试验结果的相对误差不大于±5％,整个分析过程仅需3到10分钟。更换一次电解液能连续分析50毫升油样。与经典的卡尔-费休方法比较。本法具有操作方便、分析快速、灵敏度较高、再现性较好的优点。本方法也可应用于其他液体烃中微量水的分析。     

不含吡啶的改进卡尔·费休试剂测定化肥水份含量

卡尔·费休法(以下简称费休法)长期以来被广泛用于许多无机物及有机物中水份含量的测定费休试剂中的各组份对人体具有不同程度的毒害,尤其是吡啶还具有恶臭,在试剂的的配制、使用及废液的排除均带来一些问题,为此,我们对不含吡啶的改进     

卡尔·费休库仑滴定法测定叔丁醇钾中的游离碱

用苯甲酸中和叔丁醇钾中的微量杂质氢氧化钾，使二者反应生成水，再利用卡尔·费休库仑滴定法测定其水的含量，从而计算出叔丁醇钾中游离碱的含量。研究了样品处理方法、测定过程的影响因素以及测定条件。测定结果表明，该法操作简便，结果准确、可靠，适用于该类样品的测定。     

新试剂N-间甲苯基-N′-(氨基对苯磺酸钠)硫脲(MMPT)的合成及其在分析化学中的应用

本文合成新试剂Ｎ－间甲苯基－Ｎ′－（氨基对苯磺酸钠）硫脲（ＭＭＰＴ），经红外、紫外、核磁、元素分析等测试，确定其结构。研究测定了试剂与４０多种离子的反应及其配合物的表观摩尔吸光系数，它可作为Ｃｕ２＋（ｍ＝０．０１５μｇ，ｃ＝０．５μｇ／ｍＬ）、Ａｇ＋（ｍ＝０．１μｇ，ｃ＝３．３μｇ／ｍＬ）的新鉴定试剂和光度法测定Ｐｄ２＋（ε３０９．７＝６．３２×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１）、Ｐｔ（Ⅳ）（ε７５４．４＝８．５８×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１）等的显色剂，方法灵敏度高、选择性好，用于阳极泥、人发、矿石及催化剂中上述元素的鉴定或测定，均获满意结果。     

光度法测定有机溶剂中微量水

对于水的分析,国内外普遍使用卡尔·费休法[1 ] 。该方法的适用范围较宽,能够满足多种液体及固体化合物中水的测试要求,但试剂耗费大,毒性较强,容易造成环境污染。7,7,8,8 四氰基对二次甲基苯醌(TCNQ) [2 ] 是一种很强的平面性电子接受体,可与富电子有机物反应形成荷移络合物。水能与TCNQ结合形成兰绿色络合物。本文探讨有机溶剂中TCNQ与水的反应,利用该反应测定醇中微量水的条件。方法简便、快速,重现性好,结果令人满意。1　实验部分1 .1　主要仪器与试剂UV 2 4 0 1PC型紫外可见光光度计(日本岛津) ;HHS·2 1 Ni型电恒温水浴(北京…     

测定有机溶剂中的微量水分——卡尔·费休法的改进

对于有机溶剂中微量水分的测定,卡尔·费休法(以下称KF法)是常用的方法之一。目前一些结晶有机化合物,如己内酰胺和一些高聚物粉末中微量水分的测定利用KF法也获得较好的效果。但是,有机物中水分含量低于100ppm时,由于KF试剂同水反应缓慢而造成终点的不明确,产生较大的误差,在测定极性有机溶剂中微量水分时尤其如此。为此,许多工作者对KF法作了改进。Archer和Jeater提出,应用N-乙基哌啶化合物作为KF试剂和水反应的催化剂,并设计了极化电极的pH计体系来确定滴定的终点,得到较好的结果。Климова等人改进了KF法的测定仪器,使之微量化,并采用二甲基甲酰胺来代     

热脱附-气相色谱法测定无机材料中微量水分

1　引　　言目前 ,国内外水分测定的方法很多 ,如热分析失重法、吸收法和卡尔·费休法等。气相色谱法具有分析速度快、灵敏度高的特点 ,常用于液体中的水分测定 ,而在固体中测定水分含量尚未见报道。本实验采用热解吸与气相色谱法结合 ,成功用于固体材料中微量水分和无机化合物中的结晶水的测定 ,并对解吸时间、温度和载气流速等条件做了研究。2　实验部分2 .1　仪器与试剂　GC 16A气相色谱仪 ,热导池检测器 (TCD) ,PYR 2A裂解器 (日本岛津公司 )。色谱柱 :0 .6m× 0 .32mmporaparkN不绣钢填充柱。碳酸钙 (分析纯 )、膨润土、活性白土…     

2—（5—溴—2—吡啶偶氮）—5—二甲氨基苯胺与铂（Ⅳ）显色反应及其应用

１引言目前，已有多种杂环偶氮类试剂测定铂的报道，但其在显色灵敏度等方面大多还不理想。本文系统研究了２－（５－溴－２－吡啶偶氮）－５－二甲氨基苯胺（５－Ｂｒ－ＰＡＤＭＡ）与Ｐｔ（Ⅳ）的显色反应，结果表明，在ｐＨ４．０～６．０的酸度范围内，在加热条件下铂（Ⅳ）与试剂形成紫红色络合物。该络合物在１．６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ高氯酸溶液中转变为另一型体绿蓝色络合物，表观摩尔吸光系数ε＝８．３×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，大多数常见金属离子及Ａｕ３＋、Ａｇ＋等贵金属离子在一定范围内对测定无干扰。在ＥＤＴＡ存在下，可…     

卡尔-费休法痕量水测定中烯烃和硫醇的干扰问题

卡尔-费休痕量水测定方法基于下列反应: 1.关于烯烃干扰:曾有人提出烯烃的存在对用此法测定痕量水有干扰,我们对此问题进行了探索。烯烃干扰有三种可能的途径: (1)与卡氏试剂中络合碘加成:     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.