YPd3X(X=B,C)晶体结构、弹性性质与电子结构的第一性原理研究

在广义梯度近似(GGA)和GGA+ U(在位库仑势)下,采用第一性原理方法系统地研究了三元过渡金属硼碳化合物YPd3 X(X=B,C)的晶体结构、弹性性质、电子结构和成键特性.计算的晶格参数和体弹性模量均与报道的实验结果吻合,而YPd3 X(X=B,C)的弹性参数计算值则表明YPd3C的硬度大于YPd3B.根据晶体机械稳定标准得到YPd3B和YPd3C的失稳临界压强分别约为16.5 GPa和23 GPa.由Pugh经验关系可知YPd3X(X=B,C)均属于韧性材料,且YPd3B的韧性略高于YPd3C.电子能带结构分析表明YPd3B和YPd3C均具有金属特性,且导电能力相当.由态密度和电荷密度分析得知,X与Pd之间形成较强的共价键,而Y与Pd3X之间形成离子键,化学键键能的不同是两种材料的弹性参数存在差异的内在原因.上述的研究结果为YPd3X(X=B,C)的力电材料的设计和应用提供了一定的理论依据.     

Si3Xn (X=C,O,N;n=1,2)团簇的密度泛函研究

使用密度泛函理论(DFT)的杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法在6-31G*基组水平上对Si3Xn(X=C,O,N;n=1,2)团簇各种可能的构型进行几何结构优化,预测了各团簇的最稳定结构.并对最稳定结构的电子结构、振动特性、成键特性和电荷特性等进行了理论研究.结果表明团簇的几何结构都是平面结构,通常Si3X2出现是Si-X键,较少出现X-X键;而Si3X中出现Si-X键和Si-Si键共存,Si3Xn(X=C,O,N;n=1,2)团簇的电荷布局分布表明这种电荷转移的作用使得团簇中所有X原子呈负电性,Si原子显正电性.处于不同位置的Si原子呈不同大小布局数,而且由于Si3X2的对称性,2个X负电性相同.     

Al的微观组态与LaNi3.75Al1.25的结构和弹性第一性原理研究

在全电子水平上,采用广义梯度近似密度泛函理论和全势能线性缀加平面波方法并结合二维立方拟合方法,对LaNi3.75Al1.25合金的晶体结构与弹性性质进行了理论研究.计算结果给出合金的晶格常数a=b=0.5137 nm,c=0.4018 nm,Al原子在晶胞中的微观分布为同时占据部分3g和2c等价格位,弹性常数C11+C12=281.2,C13=82.3,C33=227.3,以及体弹性模量B＝124.5、切变模量G＝68.2 GPa.还对态密度、能带结构和电荷密度进行了计算分析,并给出材料LaNi3.75Al1.25的电子线性比热系数23.45 mJ/molK2.     

第一性原理计算M2C（M=V、Nb、Ta）的结构性质、弹性性质和热力学性质

通过密度泛函理论的第一原理计算,研究了 M2C (M=V, Nb, Ta)(空间群:pbcn, No: 60)在高压下的电子结构、弹性和热力学性质。该理论是建立在平面波的基础上,该平面波将在 CASTEP 代码中实现。首先,本文计算的晶格常数与已有的实验结果和理论数据吻合较好。其次,计算了过渡金属碳化物的分波态态密度和总态密度,结果表明这三种过渡金属碳化物均为金属,金属丰度由高到低的顺序为:V2C > Nb2C > Ta2C。第三,研究了高压下的弹性常数 C ij 、集料弹性模量(B、G、E)和泊松比。其中计算得到 Ta2C 的体积模量最高(257 GPa)。根据弹性稳定性判据,预测这三种化合物在 100 GPa 以内均具有力学稳定性。计算的 B/G 比值表明,这三种化合物在 100 GPa 范围内具有延展性。最后,利用准谐德拜模型研究了这三种化合物的热力学性质     

Sc12X团簇(X=B,C,N,Al,Si,P)的电子结构和稳定性

基于第一性原理,在密度泛函理论框架下,用广义梯度近似(GGA)研究二十面体Sc12X(X=B、C、N、Al、Si、P)中性和荷电团簇的电子结构和稳定性,系统计算了它们的基态束缚能(BE)、原子间平衡间距、最高占据轨道(HOMO)与最低占据轨道(LUMO)之间的能隙、局域电荷以及HOMO电子构型.研究表明,用C、Si原子或荷电后的B、N、Al、P离子分别替代团簇Sc13中心原子可以使其成为稳定的结构.Sc12X团簇束缚能改变的原因在于掺杂改变了中心原子或离子与表面原子的轨道杂化.     

X@Mg_8B_(14)(X=H,Li)团簇核壳结构与性质的密度泛函理论研究

运用杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法,在6-31G*水平上对X@Mg_8B_(14)(X=H,Li)两种团簇进行了几何结构优化,并计算了其电子结构、振动特性和成键特性.计算结果表明:优化后的X@Mg_8B_(14)(X=H,Li)团簇均为橄榄球状核壳结构,对称性点群均为D2h.用自然键轨道方法分析了成键性质,发现X@Mg8B14(X=H,Li)团簇中B原子主要是sp杂化轨道参与成键,Mg原子主要是s轨道参与成键.Mg原子和B原子之间发生了大量的电子转移,在B原子层堆积了大量的电子;尤其是封装Li原子后,B原子层得电子数量明显增加.     

第一性原理计算M_2C (M=V,Nb, Ta)的结构、弹性和热力学性质（英文）

通过密度泛函理论的第一原理计算,研究了M_2C (M=V, Nb, Ta)(空间群:pbcn, No:60)在高压下的电子结构、弹性和热力学性质.该理论是建立在平面波的基础上,该平面波将在CASTEP代码中实现.首先,本文计算的晶格常数与已有的实验结果和理论数据吻合较好.其次,计算了过渡金属碳化物的分波态态密度和总态密度,结果表明这三种过渡金属碳化物均为金属,金属丰度由高到低的顺序为:V_2C Nb_2C Ta_2C.第三,研究了高压下的弹性常数C_(ij)、集料弹性模量(B、G、E)和泊松比.其中计算得到Ta_2C的体积模量最高(257 GPa).根据弹性稳定性判据,预测这三种化合物在100 GPa以内均具有力学稳定性.计算的B/G比值表明,这三种化合物在100 GPa范围内具有延展性.最后,利用准谐德拜模型研究了这三种化合物的热力学性质.     

利用第一性原理方法研究CuXSe_2(X=B,Al,Ga,In,Tl)力学性质

在广义梯度近似(GGA)和局域密度近似(LDA)下,采用第一性原理方法研究CuXSe2(X=B,Al,Ga,In,Tl)晶体结构的稳定性和力学性质.分析CuXSe2(X=B,Al,Ga,In,Tl)结构的晶格常数,弹性常数,体积模量,剪切模量,杨氏模量,泊松比,对比各材料的力学性质变换规律.计算结果表明,根据力学稳定判据,在零温零压下,CuXSe2(X=B,Al,Ga,In,Tl)的晶体结构是力学稳定的.经过同主族替换,发现晶格常数越大,体弹性模量就越小.这可以解释为X离子半径逐渐增大,晶格常数逐渐增加,晶体的可压缩性也增加.另外,CuTlSe2的剪切模量最小,不容易发生剪切形变.CuBSe2的杨氏模量最大,其刚度最高.由Pugh经验关系可知CuXSe2(X=B,Al,Ga,In,Tl)均属于韧性材料.     

利用第一性原理方法研究CuXSe (X=B，Al，Ga，In，Tl)力学性质

在广义梯度近似（GGA）和局域密度近似（LDA）下,采用第一性原理方法研究CuXSe2 (X=B,Al,Ga,In,Tl)晶体结构的稳定性和力学性质。分析CuXSe2 (X=B,Al,Ga,In,Tl)结构的晶格常数,弹性常数,体积模量,剪切模量,杨氏模量,泊松比,对比各材料的力学性质变换规律。计算结果表明,根据力学稳定判据,在零温零压下,CuXSe2 (X=B,Al,Ga,In,Tl)的晶体结构是力学稳定的。经过同主族替换,发现晶格常数越大, 体弹性模量就越小。 这可以解释为X 离子半径逐渐增大, 晶格常数逐渐增加, 晶体的可压缩性也增加。另外,CuTlSe2的剪切模量最小,不容易发生剪切形变。CuBSe2的杨氏模量最大,其刚度最高。由Pugh经验关系可知CuXSe2 ( X=B,Al,Ga,In,Tl)均属于韧性材料。     

Sc12X（X=C、Si、Ge、Sn、Pb）团簇的几何构形和电子结构研究

基于第一性原理,在密度泛函理论框架下,用广义梯度近似(GGA)研究二十面体Sc12X(X=C、Si、Ge、Sn、Pb)团簇的几何构形和电子结构,系统计算了它们的束缚能(BE)、最高占据轨道(HOMO)与最低未占据轨道(LUMO)之间的能隙(ΔE)、局域磁矩( )及团簇的平均键长( )。研究表明,用C、Si、Ge、Sn、Pb分别替代Sc13团簇中心或表面原子可以使其成为更稳定结构(除Sc12Pb外)。掺杂团簇Sc12X中,当杂质原子X比Sc原子的原子量大很多时,具有C5V对称性的构形比具有Ih对称性的构形更稳定;当杂质原子X比Sc原子的原子量小时,具有对称Ih对称性的构形比具有C5V对称性的构形更稳定(除Sc12C团簇外)。Sc12C团簇的稳定性出现异常,其原因与轨道杂化有关。     

高压下NH_4ClO_4结构、电子及弹性性质的第一性原理研究

研究高压下NH_4ClO_4的结构和性质对于NH_4ClO_4在固体推进剂和炸药的安全应用具有重要意义.采用基于色散校正密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,研究了0—15 GPa静水压力下NH_4ClO_4的晶体结构、分子结构、电子性质和弹性性质,计算结果与实验值具有较好的一致性.在压强为1,4和9 GPa时,NH_4ClO_4的晶体参数、键长和分子构型等均出现不连续变化,说明了在压强作用下结构发生变化.随着压强增加,氢键增多且作用增强,由分子内氢键向分子内和分子间的氢键转变;导带态密度峰值增加,电子局域性增强,晶体内N-H和Cl-O共价键作用增强,带隙增大,不同相变区域内带隙呈线性关系.0—15 GPa条件下NH_4ClO_4的弹性常数满足力学稳定性标准,采用Voigt-Reuss-Hill方法计算了体积模量B,剪切模量G和杨氏模量E,根据Cauchy压力和B/G值,说明NH_4ClO_4属于韧性材料,随着压强增加韧性增强.     

钙钛矿结构ZrBeO3稳定性的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论构建了钙钛矿结构ZrBeO3晶体模型,计算了该晶体模型结合能,表明了该构型热力学稳定性;计算出该结构在不同压力下的弹性常数,并据此计算了ZrBeO3的体积模量、剪切模量、杨氏模量、泊松比、BH/GH(体模量/剪切模量)等参数,结果表明该材料具有机械稳定性,随着等静压力增加,材料由脆性向韧性转变;计算了零压下ZrBeO3的硬度,为34.5 GPa,表明该结构晶体应为超硬材料;计算了ZrBeO3的声子能谱,结果表明ZrBeO3在低温零压下热动力学不稳定,为此分析比较了不同压力下的声子能谱、不同原子轨道及化学键布居值,研究表明随着压力增加,Be原子sp杂化后形成的Be-O共价键成分增强、Zr-O键离子键成分增强,晶格动力学趋于稳定。     

Novel structures and mechanical properties of Zr2N:Ab initio description under high pressures

With the formation of structural vacancies,zirconium nitrides(key materials for cutting coatings,super wearresistance,and thermal barrier coatings) display a variety of compositions and phases featuring both cation and nitrogen enrichment.This study presents a systematic exploration of the stable crystal structures of zirconium heminitride combining the evolutionary algorithm method and ab initio density functional theory calculations at pressures of 0 GPa,30 GPa,60 GPa,90 GPa,120 GPa,150 GPa,and 200 GPa.In addition to the previously proposed phases P42/mnm-,Pnnn-,and Cmcm-Zr2 N,five new high-pressure Zr₂N phases of PA/nmm,IA/mcm,P2₁/m,P3 m1,and C2/m are discovered.An enthalpy study of these candidate configurations reveals various structural phase transformations of Zr2 N under pressure.By calculating the elastic constants and phonon dispersion,the mechanical and dynamical stabilities of all predicted structures are examined at ambient and high pressures.To understand the structure-property relationships,the mechanical properties of all Zr₂N compounds are investigated,including the elastic moduli,Vickers hardness,and directional dependence of Young’s modulus.The Cmncm-Zr2 N phase is found to belong to the brittle materials and has the highest Vickers hardness(12.9 GPa) among all candidate phases,while the I4/mcm-Zr2 N phase is the most ductile and has the lowest Vickers hardness(2.1 GPa).Furthermore,the electronic mechanism underlying the diverse mechanical behaviors of Zr2 N structures is discussed by analyzing the partial density of states.     

First-principles study on the structural,elastic, and thermodynamics properties of Ni3X (X: Al,Mo, Ti,Pt, Si,Nb, V,and Zr) intermetallic compounds

In the present study, the ground-state properties of Ni₃X intermetallic compounds were analyzed by means of the first-principles pseudo-potential method using the Cambridge serial total energy package code. The calculated lattice parameters of Ni₃X intermetallic compounds are in good agreement with the experimental and other theoretical data. The single-crystal elastic constants were calculated; the hardness, ductile, and plasticity of materials were analyzed. The calculated enthalpies of formation showed that all of intermetallic compounds were thermodynamically stable; Debye temperature and heat capacity are calculated and discussed. Moreover, the chemical bonding in these intermetallic compounds was interpreted by calculating the density of states, electron density difference distribution, and Mulliken analysis; magnetism properties were briefly analyzed.     

First-principles study on the crystal, electronic structure and mechanical properties of hexagonal Al3RE (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd) intermetallic compounds

The structural properties, elastic properties and electronic structures of hexagonal Al₃RE intermetallic compounds are calculated by using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. Since there exists strong on-site Coulomb repulsion between the highly localized 4f electrons of RE atoms, we present a combination of the GGA and the LSDA+U approaches in order to obtain the appropriate results. The GGA calculated lattice constants for the hexagonal Al₃RE intermetallic compounds are in good agreement with available experimental values. The results of cohesive energy indicate that these compounds can be stable under absolute zero Kelvin and the stability of Al₃Gd is the strongest in all of the hexagonal Al₃RE compounds. The densities of states for GGA and LSDA+U approaches are also obtained for the Al₃RE intermetallic compounds. The mechanical properties are calculated from the GGA method in this paper. According to the computed single crystal elastic constants, Al₃La, Al₃Sm and Al₃Gd are mechanically unstable, while Al₃Ce, Al₃Pr and Al₃Nd are stable. The polycrystalline elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio have been deduced by using Voigt-Reuss-Hill (VRH) approximations, and the calculated ratio of bulk modulus to shear modulus indicates that Al₃La compound is ductile material, but Al₃Ce, Al₃Pr, Al₃Nd, Al₃Sm and Al₃Gd are brittle materials.     

Phase transition,elastic and electronic properties of topological insulator Sb_2Te_3 under pressure: First principle study

The phase transition, elastic and electronic properties of three phases(phase Ⅰ,Ⅱ, and Ⅲ) of Sb_2Te_3 are investigated by using the generalized gradient approximation(GGA) with the PBESOL exchange–correlation functional in the framework of density-functional theory. Some basic physical parameters, such as lattice constants, bulk modulus, shear modulus,Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, acoustic velocity, and Debye temperature Θ are calculated. The obtained lattice parameters under various pressures are consistent with experimental data. Phase transition pressures are 9.4 GPa(Ⅰ→Ⅱ) and 14.1 GPa(Ⅱ→Ⅲ), which are in agreement with the experimental results. According to calculated elastic constants, we also discuss the ductile or brittle characters and elastic anisotropies of three phases. Phases Ⅰ and Ⅲ are brittle, while phaseⅡ is ductile. Of the three phases, phaseⅡ has the most serious degree of elastic anisotropy and phase Ⅲ has the slightest one.Finally, we investigate the partial densities of states(PDOSs) of three phases and find that the three phases possess some covalent features.     

First-principle investigation on the thermodynamics of X_2N_2O(X = C,Si, Ge) compounds

The structures under different pressures, elastic properties, electronic structures and lattice vibrations of the X_2N_2O(X = C, Si, Ge) compounds are investigated by using the first-principle method. Based on the phonon density of state,the thermodynamic properties of the present compounds are studied under different pressures and at different temperatures. The structural parameters including the bond lengths and bond angles are in agreement with available experimental measurements and theoretical calculations. We employ the elastic theory to calculate the nine independent elastic constants(C_(ij)) and the derived elastic moduli(B, G, E, v). Results indicate that these X_2N_2O(X = C, Si, Ge) compounds are mechanically stable and show the brittle behaviors. The electronic properties of the present compounds are analyzed by using the band structure and density of states. The phonon dispersion calculations imply that the present compounds are dynamically stable. Based on the quasi-harmonic approximation, the calculations of the specific heat indicate that the temperature in a range of 0 K–1500 K and pressure in a range of 0 GPa–40 GPa have a large effect on the thermal quantities of Ge_2N_2O,compared with on those of the C_2N_2O and Si_2N_2O compounds.     

Theoretical study of B2 type technetium AB (A=Tc,B=Ti,V, Nb and Ta) intermetallic compounds

The structural, electronic, elastic and thermal properties of the cubic AB type (A=Tc, B=Ti, V, Nb and Ta) technetium intermetallic compounds have been studied using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and local density approximation (LDA) used for the exchange-correlation potential. The calculated lattice parameters agree well with the experimental results. The calculated electronic properties reveal that these compounds are metallic in nature with partial ionic bonding. The elastic constants obey the stability criteria for cubic system. Ductility for these compounds has been analyzed using the Pugh's rule and Cauchy's pressure revealing ductile in nature of all the compounds. Bonding nature is discussed using Fermi surface, band structure and charge density difference plots.     

Electronic structure,phase stability,and vibrational properties of Ir-based intermetallic compound IrX (X=Al,Sc, and Ga)

The phase stability and mechanical properties of B2 type IrX (X=Al, Sc and Ga) compounds are investigated. Self-consistenttotal-energy calculations in the framework of density functional theory using the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) to determine the equations of state and the elastic constants of IrX (X=Al, Sc, and Ga) in the B2 phase have been performed. The calculations predicted the equilibrium lattice constants, which are about 1% greater than experiments for IrAl, 1.81% for IrGa, and 0.71% for IrSc compound. IrAl is shown to be the least compressible, and it is followed by IrGa and the IrSc compound. The phase stability of the studied compounds is checked. The brittleness and ductility properties of IrX (X=Al, Sc, and Ga) are determined by Poisson's ratio σ criterion and Pugh's criterion. IrGa compound is a ductile material; however, IrAl and IrSc show brittleness. The band structure and density of states (DOS), and phonon dispersion curves have been obtained and analyzed. The position of the Fermi level and the contribution of d electrons to the density of states near E_F is studied and discussed in detail. We also used the phonon density of states and quasiharmonic approximation to calculate and predict some thermodynamic properties such as constant-volume specific heat capacity of the B2 phase of IrX (X=Al, Sc and Ga) compounds.