基于ESPI技术的压力容器无损检测

在工业生产中对压力容器内部缺陷进行早期检测和诊断具有重要的应用价值。针对含有内部狭长形缺陷的球形薄壁压力容器，采用电子散斑干涉(ESPI）技术测试了容器表面的位移场，分析了其表面应变场。     

基于一维离面电子散斑干涉仪对复合材料的无损检测

介绍无损检测技术、电子散斑干涉技术以及一种电子散斑干涉测量仪,对电子散斑干涉仪的基本原理和结构进行了简要描述。并用此仪器对碳纤维复合材料试样进行了检测,得到了满意的实验结果。     

剪切散斑干涉技术及应用研究进展

剪切散斑干涉技术是一种非接触测量物体变形缺陷的光学无损测量方法,其通过计算物体变形前后的散斑图中的相位获取被测物的应变缺陷信息。近年来该技术在航空、航天等工业无损检测领域得到了广泛的应用。本文从系统关键技术、散斑图像处理技术两方面介绍了剪切散斑干涉技术的研究进展,详细论述了多种剪切装置实现大视角测量、空间载波实现动态测量、多种图像处理算法的一系列剪切散斑干涉技术;最后介绍了剪切散斑干涉技术的国内外应用进展,展望了剪切散斑干涉技术在动态测量、光滑表面测量及定量反算形变量等方面的发展趋势。     

散斑计量技术—走向工程实用化的技术

散斑计量技术是在现代高科技成果如激光技术、视频技术、电子技术、信息与图像处理技术、计算机技术、佤息、精密测试技术等基础上发展起来的有效工程检测技术，它具有全场、无损、灵敏、实用的优点，因而得到了迅速发展和广泛的应用，散斑计量技术的最终目的是走向工程实用化，实现现场在线测量，随着它的发展，必然会在科学研究和工程实际中发挥重大的作用。     

剪切散斑干涉术的无损检测研究

剪切散斑干涉术用于复合材料的光学无损检测具有较宽的加载范围,便于实现缺陷的全场记录,防止漏检。本文从理论上推导了剪切散斑干涉条纹(等应变条纹)的强度分布,并证明随着加载量的增大,条纹变密的程度较全息干涉条纹(等位移条纹)缓慢。加之,剪切散斑干涉条纹灵敏度具有可调性,加载范围大为加宽。实验观察与理论分析一致。     

双目视觉DIC测量系统的离面位移测量精度

采用离面位移测量精度达到10 nm~20 nm的电子散斑干涉测量系统验证了双目视觉数字散斑相关测量系统的离面位移测量精度。分别用电子散斑干涉测量系统和双目视觉数字散斑相关测量系统同时测量了平板离面位移,并对所测量的位移最大值进行了分析处理及比较。结果表明,双目视觉数字散斑相关测量系统的物体离面位移分布云图与电子散斑干涉测量系统的结果基本相同,且两者位移均方根相差为2.76 m~3.56 m,相对误差为4.59%~7.60%。因此,当被测量物体的离面位移大于4 m时,双目视觉Q400测量系统精度可达到电子散斑干涉测量系统的精度。     

大剪切电子散斑干涉的载频调制与位移场测量

将电子散斑干涉场的载波调制引入到大剪切电子散斑干涉中,通过对参考物的微小偏转引入载波条纹;利用傅里叶变换法,解调出了变形场的相位,从而实现了物体变形场的精确测量。讨论了大剪切载频的调制机理,理论分析表明,调制条纹的空间频率与参考面偏转的角度成正比;因此,控制参考面的偏转角度可实现不同位移量系统的调制。利用中心加载周边固定圆盘进行了典型实验,实验结果证明在大剪切电子散斑干涉技术中可以通过参考面的旋转高质量地实现电子散斑干涉条纹的调制,求解位移场。该系统具有系统简单,不需要专门引入参考光,条纹质量好等优点。该技术可扩展电子散斑干涉的应用范围,有一定的实际应用价值。     

双功能数字散斑干涉位移及空间梯度同时测量

为了满足无损检测中复合材料在复杂载荷下多参数变量评估的需求,提出了一种基于光路复用的双功能数字散斑干涉系统,能够同时实现数字散斑干涉和数字剪切散斑干涉测量功能.通过控制其中一个反射镜-波片组合,当该组合离位时,构成数字散斑干涉测量光路,实现离面位移测量;当该组合在位时,构成数字剪切散斑干涉测量光路,实现离面位移空间梯度的测量.测量过程中只需简单切换该组合的位置就可以实现单次加载下被测物体表面离面位移及其空间梯度的同时测量.该系统光路结构简单、切换效率高,能够同时获得高质量的位移及空间梯度测量结果.实验证明,双功能数字散斑干涉系统既具备高抗干扰能力,又具备高灵敏度测试能力,适合复合材料无损检测现场使用.     

锁相电子散斑系统

电子散斑干涉计量在变形量检测¹、无损探伤、振动分析^(2,3)等领域具有广泛的应用前景,目前它之所以未能实用化,最重要的原因就是该系统对环境的要求过高,特别是物体的振动和空气的扰动对测量结果影响很大,甚至会导致测量失败,因而国内外学者在不断寻找解决此问题的锁相技术。本文提出了一种简易的切实可行的锁相方法-光学锁相法,消除了物体的振动和空气扰动对电子散斑测量的影响。     

基于电子散斑干涉与数字剪切散斑干涉法的悬臂薄板振动分析

基于激光光路的光波随机相位扰动,分析了电子散斑干涉实时图像相减时模态条纹图的形成机理,提出了一种振幅涨落测量法。搭建了用于离面振动分析的电子散斑干涉和数字剪切散斑干涉测量系统,并对完整和含狭缝的悬臂铝板的振动特性进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,实时图像相减模式获得的模态条纹图对比度明显优于其他方法,得到的前10阶模态条纹图与有限元法计算结果具有良好的一致性。相比于电子散斑干涉法,数字剪切散斑干涉法对试样局部的刚度变化和缺陷更敏感。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.