活性炭表面含氧基团对苯酚吸附平衡及动力学的影响

煤基活性炭分别用烧失处理和HNO3氧化处理后得到不同表面性质的活性炭,采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、N2吸附、酸碱滴定及零电荷点(pHPZC)对活性炭表面性质及孔结构进行表征,研究了活性炭表面性质对苯酚吸附平衡和吸附动力学影响.经HNO3氧化后,活性炭表面含氧基团显著增加,烧失处理后,表面含氧基团尤其是羧基显著减少.苯酚最大平衡吸附量随活性炭表面含氧基团的增多而减少,吸附速率常数与碳表面含氧基团的量呈正相关,而吸附活化能与活性炭在一定吸附条件下表面所带电荷多少相关.随着活性炭表面含氧基团增多,吸附活化熵增大(负值减小),苯酚在活性炭表面排列的有序性减小.静态吸附与动态吸附实验结果都表明:在含氧基团较少而碱性更强的活性炭上,发生化学吸附的程度更大.     

Ru基氨合成催化剂石墨化炭载体的制备

采用X射线衍射、N2物理吸附和程序升温脱附-质谱等表征手段考察了活性炭经Ar气保护下高温石墨化、O2-N2混合气氧化和HNO3处理后孔结构及表面基团的变化.结果表明,活性炭在惰性气氛中高温处理能够部分石墨化,且温度越高,石墨化程度越高.高温处理后的活性炭纯度和稳定性提高,但其比表面积大幅度减小.进一步的氧化扩孔处理能在一定程度上恢复石墨化活性炭的比表面积和孔结构.随后的HNO3处理可以使石墨化活性炭表面的含氧基团增加,改变载体的浸润性能,有利于催化剂活性组分的分散及催化活性的提高.     

活性炭及表面性质对Ru基氨合成催化剂性能的影响

 采用N2物理吸附和He-TPD等表征手段考察了不同活性炭及其经HNO3和氧化处理后的孔结构性质及表面基团的变化,并用CO化学吸附分析了其对活性组分Ru分散度的影响. 结果表明,活性炭较发达的中孔结构可显著提高Ru的分散度. 活性炭的部分表面含氧基团是Ru的分散中心,它们的量会明显影响催化剂的Ru分散度及活性. 活性炭经HNO3处理虽然可以使含氧基团的量增加,但同时也使不稳定基团的量增加,这些不稳定基团在催化剂还原过程中分解,不利于Ru的分散. 活性炭的气相热处理可以调变其表面结构及表面基团,从而提高 Ru的分散度及催化剂活性.     

通过柠檬酸改性提高载银活性炭的抗菌性能

通过负载柠檬酸对活性炭进行改性,用N2吸附法测定活性炭的比表面积,用AAS、SEM、XRD测试技术分析了银在活性炭上的吸附和分布,并研究了载银活性炭的抗菌性能。结果表明,负载柠檬酸使活性炭的比表面积下降约24％,但载银后活性炭的比表面积增大。柠檬酸改性为[Ag（NH3）2]^＋的还原吸附提供更多的活性点,使银的吸附速率加快,吸附量提高约25％,表面的银颗粒变得非常密集,粒径减小,且颗粒均匀,因此抗菌性能显著增强．其中对金黄色葡萄球菌的杀灭效果明显优于对大肠杆菌的,同时对于高分散Ag／C催化剂的制备及银的回收也具有重要的价值。     

通过柠檬酸改性提高载银活性炭的抗菌性能

通过负载柠檬酸对活性炭进行改性,用N2吸附法测定活性炭的比表面积,用AAS、SEM、XRD测试技术分析了银在活性炭上的吸附和分布,并研究了载银活性炭的抗菌性能。结果表明,负载柠檬酸使活性炭的比表面积下降约24%,但载银后活性炭的比表面积增大。柠檬酸改性为[Ag(NH3)2] 的还原吸附提供更多的活性点,使银的吸附速率加快,吸附量提高约25%,表面的银颗粒变得非常密集,粒径减小,且颗粒均匀,因此抗菌性能显著增强,其中对金黄色葡萄球菌的杀灭效果明显优于对大肠杆菌的,同时对于高分散Ag/C催化剂的制备及银的回收也具有重要的价值。     

活性炭的改性研究及对四环素的吸附

研究了改性对活性炭的物理化学性质及其对四环素吸附性能的影响。结果发现,硝酸氧化改性可增加活性炭表面的酸性基团,提高比表面亲水性,降低pHPZC值,同时也改变了活性炭的表面微观形貌。低温、低浓度硝酸氧化改性,增加了活性炭的比表面积,对四环素的吸附以物理吸附为主。高温氧化改性使得比表面积降低,酸性基团增加,且吸附容量与活性炭比表面积、表面总酸度呈一定的线性关系。     

活性炭负载金催化分解空气中低浓度臭氧

采用等体积浸渍法制备了以煤质活性炭为载体的负载金催化剂,并运用N2吸附-脱附法和X射线光电子能谱对样品进行了表征.考察了该催化剂催化分解低浓度臭氧的活性,并研究了载体预处理方法和催化剂后处理方法对催化剂活性的影响.在常温,相对湿度为60%,臭氧浓度为45 mg/m3,空速为60 000 h-1的条件下,1.6 g活性炭经HNO3和NaBH4处理后负载金再经H2还原后的催化剂在反应最初的16 h内臭氧去除率稳定在100%,反应100 h后对臭氧的去除率仍在97%以上.表征结果表明,NaBH4还原处理使得活性炭比表面积、孔体积及石墨碳含量增加,含氧官能团下降,从而提高了催化剂的活性.载金后,催化剂比表面积和孔体积进一步增大,但石墨碳含量下降,C-O和COO-等含氧官能团增加.经臭氧氧化后,催化剂的比表面积和孔体积减小,石墨碳含量下降,C-O,COO-和C=O等含氧官能团增加,而金的粒径和价态并未改变,表明活性炭在金催化下被臭氧氧化.     

改性活性炭表面羧基的催化动力学分析

采用催化动力学分析法测定了浓HNO3或H2O2改性处理的活性炭表面羧基。选择环氧苯乙烷和甲醇在苯甲酸或改性活性炭催化下的加成反应为指示反应,采用固定时间法考察了环氧苯乙烷转化率与催化剂用量关系。结果表明：在反应初始阶段（转化率低于25％）,当苯甲酸用量在O．2～0．6mmol、活性炭用量在0．4～0．8g范围内时,环氧苯乙烷的转化率随反应时间的变化为过原点的直线。以苯甲酸羧基量为参照,浓HNO3与H2O2氧化改性活性炭的表面羧基的质量摩尔浓度分别为0．67mmol／g和0．34mmol／g。与经典的Boehm滴定法相比,此法准确地反映了实际液-固反应中活性炭的表面羧基量。     

Ag+及其配合物在活性炭上吸附行为研究

研究了配位体和氧化改性对活性炭吸附Ag^ 及其配合物的影响以及银在活性炭表面的分布特征。结果表明：(1)活性炭对Ag^ 的吸附非常快,且不受离子强度的影响．但当Ag^ 形成[Ag(NH3)2]^ 和[Ag(S2O3)2]^3-后在活性炭上吸附性能下降,氨水浓度增加对[Ag(NH3)2]^ 的吸附没有影响,而还原性的Na2S2O3浓度增加使[Ag(S2O3)2]^3-的吸附下降。(2)银主要分布在活性炭的外表面,Ag^ 浓度和吸附时间不同将导致银颗粒的分布及粒径也不同,合理控制Ag^ 浓度和吸附时间,就可以在活性炭表面负载纳米金属银．(3)活性炭氧化改性不利于Ag^ 和[Ag(S2O3)2]^3-的吸附,却有利于[Ag(NH3)2]^ 的吸附。     

葡萄糖加氢用Ru/活性炭催化剂: 改性方法对活性炭表面性能的影响

分别采用超临界甲醇流体、浓硝酸氧化、浓硝酸结合超临界甲醇流体等不同手段对椰壳活性炭进行了表面处理,用N2物理吸附、Boehm滴定、X光电子能谱仪(XPS)、电感耦合等离子原子发射光谱分析(ICP)、透射电镜(TEM)等手段研究了处理方法对活性炭表面孔结构及表面基团的影响;并以活性炭为载体,三氯化钌为活性前驱体,采用等容水浸渍法制备了钌炭催化剂,以葡萄糖加氢生产山梨醇为模型反应对制备的钌基催化剂的催化活性进行了评价.结果表明:各种处理方法对活性炭的比表面、孔径等孔结构性能影响不大;但超临界甲醇处理活性炭可明显减少活性炭表面含氧酸性基团的含量,尤其是羧基等不稳定基团的含量;而硝酸处理活性炭则可大幅度提高活性炭表面含氧酸性基团的含量,尤其是羧基等不稳定基团的含量增加更大.ICP分析结果表明:超临界甲醇处理活性炭并不改变活性炭样品对钌的吸附量,但硝酸氧化处理活性炭却能明显提高样品对钌的吸附能力.活性炭表面的这些含氧基团虽然有利于钌离子的吸附,但却不利于钌在活性炭表面的分散.由于超临界甲醇流体处理活性炭时的表面反应及萃取作用,可有效清除活性炭表面的不稳定含氧酸性基团,避免还原过程中钌的迁移聚集,使负载钌的分散度提高,有利于增强钌与活性炭间的相互作用,使钌部分缺失电子,钌的结合能升高;可明显提高负载钌炭催化剂葡萄糖催化加氢的活性.     

PREPARATION AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ACTIVATED CARBON FIBER CONTAINING SILVER

Several kinds of activated carbon fiber(ACF),Granule Activated carbon(AC) containing silver ion or fine silver particle(Ag-ACF/AC) have been prepared by soaking ACF or AC in the salt solution of silver.Ag,AgCl and AgI compounds have been loaded onto the fibers:The stucture of the fibers was measured by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and power X-ray diffraction(XRD),THe Ag content in the fiber was obtained by an Atomic absorption spectroscopy(AAS),The Ag^+ content in water after the antibacterial test was measured by an Inductively Coupled plasma(ICP) emission spectroscopy.Antibacterial test was carried out against Escherichia coli(E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus).The results show that Ag-ACF/AC have strong antibacterial activity against E.Coli and S.aureus.After dealt with ACF/AC loading Ag,AgCl,AgI,no E.coli and S.aureus alive in solution can be detected.The analysis of Agcontent in water after antibacterial test showed that the content of Ag meet the quality requirement of the National Potable Water Standrd,It is indicated that ACF/AC-Ag in this experiment would be a safe antibacterial agent.     

载银磷酸活化剑麻基活性炭纤维的抗菌性能研究

本文利用磷酸化方法，制备各种剑麻基活性炭纤维，并利用活性炭纤维的氧化还原特性及吸附性能，在其上负载金属银，研究并比较了这些载银活性炭纤维对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀灭作用，结果表明，磷酸浓度，活化方法，活化时间，纤维的比表面积等因素的均对材料的抗菌性能有一定的影响，磷酸活化的活性炭纤维表现出强的抗菌杀菌能力，高浓度磷酸活化后的纤维抗菌能力有所提高，并且抗菌能力随活化时间的延长而增加，抗菌前后纤维上负载的银未曾大量脱落，经5次抗菌试验后材料仍显示出很强的抗菌能力。     

Preparation and characterization of activated carbon fibers supported with silver metal for antibacterial behavior

In this work, the effect of immersion in silver nitrate solution on activated carbon fibers (ACFs) was investigated in relation to adsorption behavior and antibacterial activity of ACFs supported with silver (ACF/Ag). The pore and surface properties were studied in terms of BET volumetric measurement with nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antibacterial activities of ACF/Ag were studied in broth dilution tests against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) from a point of view of water purification. As an experimental result, the silver content of ACF/Ag increased with increasing concentration of silver nitrate. It was found that the micropore structure slightly decreased as the silver nitrate concentration increased. Otherwise, it was revealed that the ACF/Ag possessed a strong antibacterial activity and an inhibitory effect for the growing of E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Silver content on ACF/Ag decreased rapidly because of rough morphology of silver particles in water erosion.     

STUDIES ON THE PREPARATION OF ZINC-CONTAINING ACTIVATED CARBON FIBERS AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY

1. INTRODUCTION Microbial pollution will bring about various problems in industry and other vital fields, such as causing decomposing of materials, harming people抯 health. In order to reduce these problems, new antibacterial materials have been demanded. Recently, much attention has been paid to inorganic materials including zinc oxide [1~4]. These inorganic antibacterial materials are now substituting for organic materials to avoid releasing noxious organic molecules harmful to humans;…     

活性炭的表面化学改性及其对有机硫化物的吸附性能的研究

活性炭； 表面化学改性； 有机硫化物； 吸附性     

正交实验研究硝酸改性对活性焦表面性质及脱硫性能的影响

用硝酸对活性焦进行改性,采用正交实验法,考察了硝酸浓度、活化温度、活化时间以及煅烧温度对活性焦脱硫性质的影响,并在固定床反应装置上进行了活性焦评价实验。利用酸碱滴定、碘值测定、N₂吸附法、傅里叶红外光谱分析等对改性活性焦的表面酸碱性、比表面积、孔容等进行了分析和表征。实验结果表明,硝酸改性增加了活性焦的比表面积,提高了活性焦表面碱性;煅烧有助于提高表面碱性;硝酸改性明显提高了活性焦的脱硫性能。     

Antibacterial thermoplastic polyurethane electrospun fiber mats prepared by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane-assisted adsorption of Ag nanoparticles

Antibacterial thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU) electrospun fiber mats were prepared by adsorption of Ag nanoparticles(Ag NPs) onto TPU/3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APS) co-electrospun fiber mats from silver sol. The use of APS can functionalize TPU fibers with amino groups, facilitating the adsorption of Ag NPs. The effects of p H of silver sol and APS content on Ag NP adsorption and antibacterial activity were investigated. Ag NP adsorption was evidenced by TEM, XPS and TGA. Significant Ag NP adsorption occurred at p H = 3-5. The main driving force for Ag NP adsorption is electrostatic interaction between ―NH3~+ of the fibers and ―COO-derived from the ―COOH group capped on the surfaces of Ag NPs. The antibacterial activity of the Ag NP-decorated TPU/APS fiber mats was investigated using both gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Bacillus subtilis. The antibacterial rate increases with increasing APS content up to 5% where the antibacterial rates against both types of bacteria are over 99.9%.     

Antibacterial poly(D,L-lactide) (PDLLA) fibrous membranes modified with quaternary ammonium moieties

<正>Antibacterial poly(D,L-lactide)(PDLLA) fibrous membranes were developed via electrospinning,followed by surface modification which involved plasma pretreatment,UV-induced graft copolymerization of 4-vinylpyridine(4VP) and quaternization of the grafted pyridine groups with hexylbromide.The success of modification with quatemized pyridinium groups on the PDLLA fibrous membranes was ascertained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The antibacterial activities of these membranes were assessed against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli(E.coli).The PDLLA fibrous membranes modified with quaternized pyridinium groups showed antibacterial efficiency against both bacteria as high as 99.999%.The results demonstrated that the antibacterial activity was based on the interaction of the positive charge of pyridinium group and negatively charged cell membrane of bacteria, resulting in loss of membrane permeability and cell leakage.