STUDIES ON THE PREPARATION OF ZINC-CONTAINING ACTIVATED CARBON FIBERS AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY

Several kinds of activated carbon fibers, using sisal fiber as precursors, were preparedwith steam activation or with ZnCl2 activation. Zinc or its compounds were dispersed in them. Theantibacterial activities of these activated carbon fibers were determined and compared. The researchresults showed that these sisal based activated carbon fibers supporting zinc have strongerantibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and S. aureus. The antibacterial activity is related tothe precursors, the pyrolysis temperature, and the zinc content. In addition, small quantity of silversupported on zinc-containing ACFs will greatly enhance the antibacterial activity of ACFs.     

PREPARATION AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ACTIVATED CARBON FIBER CONTAINING SILVER*

1.INTRODUCTIONActivatedcarbonfibers(ACF)havehighspecificsurfaceareasorabundantmicropores,whichmakethemhavegreatadsorptionrateandlargeadsorptioncapacity.Nowtheymakeaveryimportantroleinenvironmentalcontrolandinresourcerecovery[1].Bytakingadvantageoftheactivatedcarbonfibers'adsorptionabilityagainstbacteriaandstenchsubstance,theycanalsobeusedinpurifyingblood,inmedicinebandageforpreventingthewoundbacteriafrompropagatingandforadsorbingandeliminatingthewoundstench.Theresultsbyotherworkersindica…     

载银磷酸活化剑麻基活性炭纤维的抗菌性能研究

本文利用磷酸化方法,制备各种剑麻基活性炭纤维,并利用活性炭纤维的氧化还原特性及吸附性能,在其上负载金属银,研究并比较了这些载银活性炭纤维对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀灭作用,结果表明,磷酸浓度,活化方法,活化时间,纤维的比表面积等因素的均对材料的抗菌性能有一定的影响,磷酸活化的活性炭纤维表现出强的抗菌杀菌能力,高浓度磷酸活化后的纤维抗菌能力有所提高,并且抗菌能力随活化时间的延长而增加,抗菌前后纤维上负载的银未曾大量脱落,经5次抗菌试验后材料仍显示出很强的抗菌能力。     

PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FIBERS AND THEIR XENON ADSORPTION PROPERTIES (I)-PREPARATION AND PORE STRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATION

1. INTRODUCTION Xenon isotopics are products of nuclear fission. The nuclear plant operation may release radioactive xenon to environment, thus result in serious damage to the environment and human health. Therefore, the adsorption and concentrating of x…     

STUDIES ON THE CATALYTIC REACTION OF NITROGEN OXIDE ON METAL MODIFIED ACTIVATED CARBON FIBERS

1.INTRODUCTIONNitrogenmonoxide(NO)producedduringthecombustionprocessesisoneofthemostseriouspollutants,whichproducestownsmogandcausesotherseriousworldecologicalproblems.Inrecentyears,scientistspaidgreatattentionstocontrolandremovethiskindofpollutantbydifferenttechniques.Amongthem,catalytictechnologiesareattractivebecauseoftheirlowcostandhighefficiency[1].Nowadays,theNOismainlytreatedbycatalyticreductionwithreducingagentssuchasammoniaandsurphurdioxideandsoonovermetal-basedcatalysts.Thecar…     

PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FIBERS AND THEIR XENON ADSORPTION PROPERTIES（Ⅰ）-PREPARATION AND PORE STRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATION

A series of sisal based activated carbon fibers were preqared with steam activation at temperature from 750℃ to 900℃.Their pore structures were characterized through their nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77K using different theories.The results showed that t-plot method and DR-plot method could suitably be used to characterize the mesopore structure and the multi-stage distribution of pore size of activated carbon fibers.It also showed that the pore size widens with the increase of activation temperature.     

活性碳纤维的结构修饰及其吸附氙性能的研究

活性炭纤维对氙的吸附容量与其孔结构密切相关,为了提高活性炭纤维对氙气的吸附容量,本文分别用亚甲基蓝、对硝基苯酚等有机物,或氯化钠、碘等无机化合物填充的方法修饰活性炭纤维的孔结构;以及利用高锰酸钾或硝酸等氧化处理修饰活性炭纤维的表面化学性质,同时,利用低温氮等温吸附表征了这些改性活性炭纤维的孔结构,以及通过光电子能谱表征了改性活性炭纤维的表面化学结构,上述化合物充填或氧化改性活性炭纤维对氙的吸附性能的研究结果表明,适量化合物填充,或合适浓度硝酸对活性炭纤维的表面处理,可以有效地修饰活性炭纤维的孔结构或改变活性炭纤维表面对氙的亲和力。因而可有效地提高改性活性炭纤维对氙的吸附容量。     

PROGRESS ON ACTIVATED CARBON FIBERS

Activated carbon fiber is one kind of important adsorption materials. These novel fibrousadsorbents have high specific surface areas or abundant functional groups, which make them havegreater adsorption/desorption rates and larger adsorption capacities than other adsorbents. They canbe prepared as bundle, paper, cloth and felt to meet various technical requirement. They also showreduction property. In this paper the latest progress on the studies of the preparation and adsorptionproperties of activated carbon fibers is reviewed. The application of these materials in drinking waterpurification, environmental control, resource recovery, chemical industry, and in medicine and healthcare is also presented.     

PROGRESS ON ACTIVATED CARBON FIBERS

1. INTRODUCTION The serious environment pollution and natural resources waste is imperiling human existence and development. To counter the exhaustion and dilution of natural resources, and to prevent environment from further pollution, it is their duty …     

STUDIES ON THE CATALYTIC REACTION OF NITROGEN OXIDE ON METAL MODIFIED ACTIVATED CARBON FIBERS

The catalytic reaction of NO with CO and decomposition of NO over metal modified ACFs were investigated and compared with other carriers supported catalysts. It is demonstrated that Pd/ACF and Pd/Cu/ACF have high catalytic activity for the reaction of NO/CO, while Pt/ACE. Pt/Cu/ACF and Co/Cu/ACF have very low catalytic activity in similar circumstance. Pd-modified ACF possesses high catalytic decomposition of NO at 300℃. Pd/CB and Pd/GAC present good catalytic decomposition abifity for NO only at low [lowrate. Pd/G Pd/ZMS and Pd/A however, do not show any catalytic activity for NO decomposition even at 400 ℃. Catalytic temperature, NO flowrate and loading of metal components affect the decomposition rate of NO. The coexistence of Cu with Pd on Cu/Pd/ACF leads to crystalline of palladium to more unperfected so as to that increase the catalytic activity.     

活性炭纤维的微孔结构水吸附

测定了两种活性炭纤维（ACF）的氮气、水吸附等温线和XPS,研究了ACF的微孔结构和表面性质,用αs图分析氮吸附等温线获得了ACF的比表面积、微孔容量和微孔径。XPS表明在ACF表面存在多种不同结合状态的氧。水在ACF上的吸附等温线呈V型,具有很大的脱附滞后环。水通过与ACF表面的氧形成氢键发生吸附。ACF表面的初始吸附点多,则在低、中压时的水吸附量就大。     

活性碳纤维对银离子还原吸附能力的改进

活性碳纤维不仅对有机物有高的吸附容量,对贵金属离子也具有强的还原吸附能力,可将Pd(Ⅱ）,Ag（Ⅰ）,Au（Ⅲ）等离子还原为金属单质。因而可用于提取矿液或加收废液中的贵金属。由此,提高或改善贵金属在活性碳纤维上的还原吸附容量或分布形成,显得非常重要。本文研究了活性碳纤维制备条件、表面氧化改性、以有负载有机物等对活性碳纤维还原能力的影响。结果表明,（1）制备条件对剑麻基活性碳纤维的还原能力有很大的影响。用H3PO4或ZnCl2活化的活性碳纤维对银离子具有更高的还原吸附容量,分别可达250和700mg/g,约为水蒸汽活化剑麻基活性碳纤维对银离子还原吸附容量的2倍和5倍。（2）过氧化氢、高锰酸钾、或硝酸等无机氧化剂对活性碳纤维进行表面改性,也能提高活性碳纤维的还原能力。结果表明,虽然改性活性碳纤维的比表面积和孔体积下降10-20%左右,但基表面含氧量及含氧基团的种类发生了改变。这些改性活性碳纤维对Ag(NH3)2^ 的还原吸附量大幅度提高,可达550mg/g以上。推断表面改性在活性碳纤维表面创造了更多有利于碱性条件下发生氧化还原的活性点。（3）在活性碳纤维表面负载适当的有机物如亚甲基蓝、苯胺或对硝基苯酚,也能显著提高活性碳纤维对Ag(NH3)2^ 的还原吸附能力。     

PREPARATION AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ACTIVATED CARBON FIBER CONTAINING SILVER

Several kinds of activated carbon fiber(ACF),Granule Activated carbon(AC) containing silver ion or fine silver particle(Ag-ACF/AC) have been prepared by soaking ACF or AC in the salt solution of silver.Ag,AgCl and AgI compounds have been loaded onto the fibers:The stucture of the fibers was measured by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and power X-ray diffraction(XRD),THe Ag content in the fiber was obtained by an Atomic absorption spectroscopy(AAS),The Ag^+ content in water after the antibacterial test was measured by an Inductively Coupled plasma(ICP) emission spectroscopy.Antibacterial test was carried out against Escherichia coli(E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus).The results show that Ag-ACF/AC have strong antibacterial activity against E.Coli and S.aureus.After dealt with ACF/AC loading Ag,AgCl,AgI,no E.coli and S.aureus alive in solution can be detected.The analysis of Agcontent in water after antibacterial test showed that the content of Ag meet the quality requirement of the National Potable Water Standrd,It is indicated that ACF/AC-Ag in this experiment would be a safe antibacterial agent.     

STUDIES ON THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURES OF ACTIVATED CARBON FIBERS BY SOLID STATE NMR

1INTRODUCTIONAsweknoW,theinvestigationofactivatedcarbonfibers(ACFs)hasbecomeaninterestingsubjectincarbonfieldbecauseACFspossessnovelstructures,goodadsorptionabilityandoutstandingoxjdation-reductionpropertyl'].ByuseofsomemoderntechniquessuchasXPS,FTIR,Xosandetc.,peoplehavestUdiedthestructUresofACFsandobtainedsomeinterestingresultS12-].However,therearestillsomelimitsforusingabovetechniquetostudythestructllresofACFs.Forexample,theXPSisonlyusedtostudythebindingstateofatomsonthesurf…     

STUDY ON THE FACTORS AFFECTING REDUCTION CAPACITIES OF ACTIVATED CARBON FIBERS

1. INTRODUCTION The discharge of effluent containing precious metal ions, which comes from electroplating, mining, smelting, and other industries, not only contaminate the environment where people live, but also cause the waste of natural resources. From…     

STUDY ON THE FACTORS AFFECTING REDUCTION CAPACITIES OF ACTIVATED CARBON FIBERS

The reduction adsorption of silver diamminonitrate on different kinds of activated carbonfibers (ACF) has been studied in this paper. The effect of different parameters, including adsorptiontemperature, concentrations of activation agents, and activation time on the silver adsorptioncapacities of activated carbon fibers has been investigated The results show that higher temperaturein which the silver complex interacts with ACF. or higher concentration of activation agent, will makehigher reduction adsorption capacities of ACFs. More over, ACFs activated with phosphoric acidhave higher reduction capacities than those activated with zinc chloride or steam.     

活性炭的表面含氧官能团及其对吸附影响的研究进展

对活性炭表面含氧官能团的种类,生成原因以及活性炭含氧官能团的定性定量分析方法进行了综述。含氧官能团改变了活性炭的表面性质和表面行为,导致活性炭对金属离子和有机物的吸附性能发生变化,介绍了吸附金属离子和有机物时含氧官能团参与的作用机理,并对含氧官能团影响的研究提出了一些建议。     

用FTIR和XPS研究ACF的表面结构

采用红外光谱（FTIR）及X光电子能谱（XPS），系统分析了纤维碳化各阶段的结构、不同程度活化的ACF的结构以及低温氧化后和热处理后ACF的结构，提出了ACF表面结构模型。     

通过氧化改性提高载银活性炭的抗菌性能

使用浓HNO3和浓H2O2对活性炭进行常温氧化改性,用FTIR和N2吸附法对活性炭进行表面分析,用AAS、SEM、XRD研究银在活性炭表面的吸附和分布特征,并研究了载银活性炭的抗茵性能.结果表明,活性炭经浓HNO3常温改性后,比表面积提高,而经浓H2O2常温改性后,比表面积略有下降,但都使活性炭表面含氧基团增加.改性后,活性炭表面增加的含氧基团为[Ag(NH3)2] 的还原吸附提供更多的活性点,使银的吸附量增大5倍多,银颗粒更加密集,大小更加均一.研究表明,载银活性炭具有明显的抗茵作用,其中对金黄色葡萄球菌的杀灭效果优于对大肠杆菌的杀灭效果,氧化改性使载银活性炭抗茵作用显著增强,其中硝酸改性现象更加明显.     

沥青基活性炭纤维复合活化工艺的研究

以沥青基炭纤维为原料,研究了用铵盐作为化学活化剂对其进行浸渍预处理,然后采用（H2O＋CO2）活化的方法制备活性炭纤维,讨论了工艺条件对活性炭纤维性能的影响并通过光电子能谱XPS探讨了活化过程中炭纤维表面官能团的变化。结果表明：采用这种物理和化学复合活化工艺,可以在较高得率下提高活性炭纤维比表面积。同时浸渍处理、H2O流量、活化温度和活化时间等工艺参数显著影响活性炭纤维的比表面积和得率,优化的工艺为：经铵盐浸渍6h,炭纤维在水蒸气与CO2流量比3：1的混合气氛中900℃活化30min。XPS研究表明,活化后炭纤维表面的含氧官能团C－O明显减少,铵盐浸渍未能增加活性炭纤维表面的含氮基团。