球形氧化锆液相色谱柱填料的制备和评价

采用改进油乳液-溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同粒径的色谱用氧化锆微球。用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、比表面测定仪进行了结构、比表面积、孔径、孔体积和形貌表征。讨论了影响颗粒大小和颗粒分布均匀的制备因素。实验证明:有机相性质、有机相与水相的体积比、乳化剂的性质和浓度、助乳化剂的存在、搅拌速度是决定最终制备氧化锆颗粒大小和均匀的主要因素。     

交联聚苯乙烯单分散微球的制备

微米级粒度均匀的聚合物微球作为功能高分子材料在分析化学、生物化学、标准计量以及某些高新技术领域中应用广泛。制备聚合物微球的传统方法有乳液和悬浮聚合法。乳液聚合只能制备粒径为0．1-0．7μm的颗粒，采用无皂或低皂乳液聚合法制成的单分散聚合物微球粒径接近1μm，但难于达到1μm以上，且后处理比较麻烦；悬浮聚合制备的聚合物微球粒径则一般在100-1000μm之间，且是多分散性的。而分散聚合获得的微球呈单分散性，是制备粒径为1-10μm的单分散聚合物微球的有效方法。     

ZrO2球的准气相反应合成

提出了一种工艺简单、成本低廉的准气相反应合成ZrO2球的新方法．通过对产物的SEM观测表明：该方法制备的ZrO2粒子为较好的球形,球表面光滑;其平均粒径1．71μm,标准偏差0．49um;球有三种结构：均匀敛密结构、核心疏松外层致密结构和空心结构;经600℃煅烧后,XRD分析确定ZrO2球的相组成主要为立方相．     

中孔复合锆-铝氧化物微球的制备及其正相色谱性能研究

复合氧化物通常表现出与单一氧化物不同的物理化学性质（如晶体结构、孔结构和表面性质等方面）,已广泛用作催化剂、吸附剂和离子交换剂。1993年,Kaneko等采用共沉淀法制备的SiO2-TiO2,SiO2-Al2O3等复合氧化物的环境保护、痕量富集、氨基酸分离等方面取得较好的应用效果。但复合氧化物作为液相色谱固定相的研究很少报道。近年来,我们从制备、表征到正相、反相色谱性能等方面对MgO-ZrO2和SiO2-ZrO2复合氧化物作为色谱填料进行了系统的研究,发现MgO和SiO2掺杂可以有效地改善ZrO2的孔结构,提高柱效。本文用溶胶－凝胶方法制备了质量投料比m（硝酸铝）：m（氧氯化锆）＝20：64的ZrO2-Al2O3复合氧化物微球,考察酸腐蚀前后其晶形、表面酸碱性和孔容、孔径的变化,以及它们的正相色谱性能。     

PICA法制备用于高效液相色谱的锆胶基质柱填料

迄今 ,硅胶基质固定相在 HPLC领域仍占据主导地位 ,但由于它的 p H使用范围窄 ,尤其在碱性条件下基质逐渐溶解 ,其使用受到限制 [1] .为此 ,寻找稳定性能高的新基质成为当前色谱学研究的热点之一 ,二氧化锆因具有良好化学稳定性和机械强度而受到关注 .目前 ,制备微米级、球形和多孔二氧化锆基质柱填料的常用方法有两种 :(1 )油乳化法 (OEM) ;(2 )聚合诱导胶体凝聚法 (PICA) .OEM法操作简单 ,但制备的二氧化锆微球粒径分布宽且孔径较小 .Carr[2 ,3] ,Unger[4 ] ,Rassi[5,6 ]和 Kawahara等[7,8] 在用 OEM法制备二氧化锆微球方面做了…     

醇热法制备钛胶色谱固定相及其性质研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用醇热法制备了氧化钛微球色谱填料,制备方法简便,条件易于控制。借助扫描电镜、X-粉末衍射、氮吸附法等手段研究了其表面物理化学性质,表明所制多孔微球粒径均匀(5μm~7μm),孔径在中孔范围内(7.4 nm),平均孔体积(0.31 cm3.g-1),比表面积大(116.6 m2.g-1),孔径分布较窄,性质较其它常用方法都有较大提高;电位滴定结果显示微球表面酸性弱于常规硅胶。将其用于分离中性和碱性化合物时,显示出较好的色谱性能。     

单分散多孔交联聚苯乙烯色谱填料的合成(英文)

用分散聚合法合成了粒径为２μｍ的单分散ＰＳ种球,直接将种球用含ＳＴ和ＤＶＢ的乳液进行膨胀－聚合,得到粒径为８．８μｍ的单分散共聚微球。经甲苯抽提后,得到单分散多孔ＳＴ／ＤＶＢ色谱填料。报道的方法不需要对种球进行预膨胀（活化）,缩短了反应周期,大幅度提高了色谱填料微球的单分散性。     

TiO2/SiO2气凝胶微球的制备及其表征

以TiOSO4和硅溶胶为原料, 加入甲酰胺作为干燥控制化学添加剂, 采用W/O乳状液中的溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/SiO2凝胶微球, 通过正硅酸乙酯母液浸泡、溶剂交换、陈化和常压干燥技术制备TiO2/SiO2气凝胶微球, 采用光学显微镜、SEM、TEM和BET比表面及孔分布测定等手段对所得样品进行表征. 典型的气凝胶微球样品是由粒径15 nm左右, 粒度分布相当均匀的球状纳米粒子构成的轻质纳米多孔材料, 表观密度为177 kg•m-3, 比表面积372 m2•g-1, 平均孔径22.78 nm, 孔隙率高达92.0％, 微球的宏观粒径为50 m. 依据制备条件的变化, TiO2/SiO2气凝胶微球的宏观粒径可控在10～200 m之间, 表观密度为150～300 kg•m-3, 比表面积为300～400 m2•g-1, 平均孔径在18.71～22.78 nm之间变化.     

可纺性锆溶胶的制备与应用 Ⅰ.氧化锆连续纤维的制备

以氯氧化锆为原料,异丙醇为溶剂,双氧水为水解促进剂,乙酰丙酮为配位剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了ZrO2前驱体连续纤维,经800℃热处理后得ZrO2连续纤维。用FT-IR、TGA、元素分析和SEM等分析技术表征了纤维的化学结构和形貌观察,研究了可纺性ZrO2溶胶的制备条件和影响因素。结果表明,当n（氯氧化锆）：n（双氧水）：1：3,反应时间6h,陈化温度15℃时可得纺丝性能良好的锆溶胶,ZrO2前驱体连续纤维的成分是部分经乙酰丙酮配位的ZrO2水合物,热处理后ZrO2纤维的平均直径为15μm左右,纤维体中存在大量纳米级气孔,但没有发现明显裂纹。     

水热均匀沉淀法合成中孔氧化锆

以尿素为均匀沉淀剂,用水热法合成了中孔ZrO2前体,经热处理（500～550 ℃,2 h）得到晶态（t或m相）短程有序中孔ZrO2.BJH脱附孔径约为4～6 nm, BET比表面积约为60～90 m2•g－1.     

Dehydration and crystallization process in sol-gel zirconia

Sol-gel zirconia was characterized using high-resolution thermogravimetry (Hi-Res TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and compared with X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. ZrO_2-x(OH)_2x·yH₂O annealed below 400°C show typical behavior of amorphous material. As the annealing temperature is increased, the tetragonal and monoclinic phases crystallize. Typical Hi-Res TG curve shows that the samples are continuously dehydrated in a long temperature range, between room temperature and 600°C. The total mass loss relative to the initial mass is of about 29%. The DSC analysis coupled with TG and structural information, indicate that the exothermic processes about 355 and 447°C can be related to the nucleation process of the formation of tetragonal zirconia, with bulk crystallization at 447°C. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconia Nanocrystallites by Cationic Surfactant and Anionic Surfactant

1 INTRODUCTION Zirconia is a kind of metallic oxide with high mel- ting point. It is highly corrosion-resistant for acid fu- sant and neutral fusant, thus it can be used as refrac- tory material, and it can also be utilized as acid acy- loxy bi-functional catalystic material owing to hav- ing both acid and alkali surface centers[1]. Moreover, zirconia has superior ion-exchange capacity as well as chemical and mechanical stability, therefore, it can also be applied as a catalyst carrier. …     

水合氧化锆的晶化方式对Pt/WO3-ZrO2异构化活性的影响

 采用不同方法制备了一系列具有一定晶相结构的水合 ZrO2, 考察了制备方法对水合 ZrO2 晶化方式及 Pt/WO3-ZrO2 催化剂催化正己烷异构化活性的影响. 采用 X射线衍射, Raman 光谱和 NH3-程序升温脱附对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 水合 ZrO2 的晶化方式与制备时氧气的存在与否有关, 也大大影响了催化剂的异构化活性. 以无氧条件下制备的水合 ZrO2 为载体时, Pt/WO3-ZrO2 催化剂具有较高的异构化活性, 而以在空气气氛中制得的水合 ZrO2 为载体时, Pt/WO3-ZrO2 几乎无异构化活性.     

Obtaining and sintering yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) powders from alkoxides

Amorphous zirconia ceramics powders containing 3 and 6 mol% yttria were prepared by controlled hydrolysis of alkoxides. Characterization of these powders was carried away by Thermal Analysis, X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX). The calcination temperature was optimized for compaction at a temperature ranging from 500–800°C. 3% molar YSZ powders from alkoxide, that attained 98% of the theoretical bulk density, showed the best behaviour.     

纯四方相硫化氧化锆催化剂的制备及其生物柴油合成应用研究

将过硫酸铵浸渍于直接合成的纳米氧化锆晶体表面,经300-500℃高温焙烧处理获得硫化氧化锆催化剂。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、氮气吸附-脱附、氨气程序升温脱附（NH₃-TPD）、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电镜（SEM）和能谱仪（EDS）等分析手段对催化剂的结构性能进行了表征。结果表明,所有的催化剂均展现出纯四方相结构和高的结晶度。其中,经500℃热处理获得的催化剂拥有最高的硫含量和酸性位,将其应用于大豆油与甲醇酯交换反应合成生物柴油,获得了脂肪酸甲酯收率高达84.6%的催化效果,进一步表明该催化剂表面存在优越的超强酸位。     

C掺杂ZrO_2四方纯相粉体的甲醇溶剂热制备及热稳定性研究

在ZrO(NO_3)_2·2H_2O-CO(NH_2)_2-CH_3OH溶剂热过程中,水的缺乏使得甲醇通过其甲氧基与Zr~(4+)发生亲核取代或以分子配位,直接参与锆盐的水解-缩聚反应,形成具有[ZrO_z(OH)_p(OCH_3)_q·rCH_3OH]_n结构的无机聚合物;同时,甲醇对聚合物低的溶解能力强烈抑制了Ostwald熟化过程,阻碍了溶剂热产物的晶化与热力学支持的结构重排。尿素通过其水解作用与锆盐竞争体系中的水及锆物种骨架上的羟基,这不仅导致无机聚合物中Zr-O-Zr键合相对Zr-OH键合的比例增加,使得溶剂热产物发生结构重排的几率进一步下降;而且也一定程度上增加了溶剂热产物中甲氧基的含量。含有大量甲氧基团的溶剂热产物经400℃焙烧后,形成C掺杂ZrO_2。C掺杂与溶剂效应共同稳定了ZrO_2的四方相。在500-600℃中等温度、空气气氛焙烧过程中,C掺杂ZrO_2四方相结构显示了良好的热稳定性;提高焙烧温度至700℃,游离于颗粒表面的C被完全氧化去除,固溶于晶格中的C也部分脱溶,导致了部分四方相失稳转变成单斜相。     

Preparation of high surface area ZrO2 and ZrO2-Y2O3 from the alkoxide

In order to obtain a catalyst support with a high surface area, ZrO₂ and ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ were prepared by the hydrolytic decomposition of the corresponding isopropoxide dissolved in benzene. The hydrolysis was carried out at 80°C using an excess amount of distilled water in flowing dry nitrogen. The precipitates thus obtained were dried at 100°C followed by calcination at 500°C in air or nitrogen for 1 h. The specific surface areas for both of the ZrO₂ and ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ increased with increasing amount of water added for hydrolysis, and the surface areas for ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ increased with increasing yttrium content. A ZrO₂ having a surface area of 130 m²/g was produced, and a stabilized tetragonal ZrO₂ with 15 mol% Y³⁺ having a surface area of 200 m²/g was produced. Furthermore, despite the difference in the ZrO₂ and ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ crystal structures, the lattice-strain of ZrO₂ has been unequivocally related to the surface area.     

Analysis of silica fume produced by zircon desilication

Novel chemical methods have been developed to allow for the determination of the components of silica fume produced by zircon desilication. Hitherto, no methods have been described for the analysis of this material. The amorphous silica is first removed by treatment with sodium hydroxide. The residue from the hydroxide treatment may then be subjected to a suite of reagents to determine the zircon, the total zirconia, the monoclinic zirconia and the tetragonal zirconia content of the fume. The zircon content of the fume is determined by treatment of the hydroxide residue with concentrated hydrofluoric acid (HF). The total zirconia content of the fume is determined by digestion of the hydroxide residue with fuming sulphuric acid (oleum), while the relative amounts of monoclinic and tetragonal zirconia may be found by treatment of the hydroxide residue with 10%w/v HF, which attacks the less stable tetragonal phase. Both X-ray diffraction and particle size analysis were used to validate the steps in the analytical procedure. An explanation of the presence of tetragonal zirconia in the fume is proposed. A greater understanding of the composition of the fume led to the installation of a separator in the company's production line to remove the zircon. Australian Fused Materials (AFM) now produces a vastly superior grade of fume marketed under the code SF-98.     

S~2O~8^2^-处理的ZrO~2固体超强酸上的正丁烷异构化反应

首次报道了由浸渍过硫酸根的方式制备固体超强酸.讨论了焙烧温度、浸渍浓度以及ZrO_2前驱体沉淀条件对样品性质的影响,并研究了它们对正丁烷异构化反应性能.实验结果表明,600～650℃焙烧、0.25～0.50mol/LS_2O_8~(2-)浸渍反加沉淀的ZrO_2具有最高超强酸性.与相同条件下制备的SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2相比,S_2O_8~(2-)/ZrO_2上正丁烷250℃异构化活性是SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2的2倍,可能是由于它具有较多的中强酸位并具有与SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2不同的活性位结构.     

Segregation in zirconia: equilibrium versus non‐equilibrium segregation

The present work considers the differences between the following two phenomena: equilibrium segregation, which is a thermodynamic phenomenon where the driving force is excess interfacial energy; and non‐equilibrium segregation, which can be produced by phenomenological shocks applied to the solid surface. Fully stabilized cubic yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is used as the exemplar for these considerations. Equilibrium segregation in YSZ results in enrichment of the surface and near‐surface layers in constituent elements, typically yttria and impurities. This segregation is an intrinsic material property and has an impact on the performance of zirconia at elevated temperatures. On the other hand, non‐equilibrium segregation leads to a complex distribution of properties (structure and concentration gradients) that are determined by the experimental procedures used rather than being a material property. However, such non‐equilibrium segregation can result in localized structural changes. The present paper also considers the effect of the gas phase on surface properties of metal oxides, including YSZ, and the surface dynamics of YSZ at temperatures below that required to reach equilibrium. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.