同步辐射计算机断层技术衬度误差机理分析

基于同步辐射X射线的优越特性及计算机断层重建技术对材料无损检测等优点，同步辐射计算机断层重建技术已被广泛应用.对该技术衬度误差的形成机理及形式进行了分析研究，并给出了四种基本误差形式.数值模拟结果证实了分析的正确性. 关键词： 同步辐射 计算机断层 衬度误差     

同轴X射线相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术研究

基于北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)开展了同轴X射线相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术(CT)研究.利用北京同步辐射的14 keV单色X射线作为光源,以高分辨能力的X射线胶片作为探测器,分别开展吸收衬度和同轴相位衬度成像的比较研究以及相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术研究.相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术重建采用Bronnikov提出的算法.结果显示,与传统的吸收衬度图像相比,相位衬度图像具有更好的衬度和更高的空间分辨力;实验获得人工样品和蝗虫的相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术重建图像.重建图像中可见样品的一些结构细节.实验结果表明,相位衬度X射线成像更适合于研究弱吸收或吸收差异很小的材料;利用北京同步辐射开展同轴X射线相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术研究是可行的.     

利用荧光CT实现生物医学样品内元素分布的无损成像

荧光CT是一种可无损重建元素空间分布的发射型断层成像技术,对生物医学研究具有重要意义.同步辐射的高通量、高准直和能量可调等特性使荧光CT的生物医学应用成为可能.文章通过优化设计,在上海同步辐射光源建立了一套用于生物医学样品微量元素分析的荧光CT成像系统.通过对实验装置的优化,提高了系统的数据采集速度和空间分辨率.将极大...     

光电效应光位置检测器的性能分析

介绍了几种同步辐射光源常用的光电效应光位置检测器 ,对其主要性能 (如灵敏度、零位偏差和线性范围 )进行了理论分析和比较 ,给出了计算机模拟结果 ,分析了加工误差对检测器性能的影响 ,为光位置检测器的设计提供了理论依据 ,并提出了一种改良型的光电效应光位置检测器。     

衍射增强计算机断层技术研究

对衍射增强计算机断层技术进行了分析研究，提出了一种新方法.应用该方法只需在摇摆曲线一点处对物体进行360°范围内旋转投影成像，即可获得物体的折射率梯度分布以及吸收系数与散射系数和分布.该方法较以前的方法，大大简化了实验步骤. 关键词： 同步辐射 衍射增强 计算机断层     

多轴差分吸收光谱断层扫描重建烟羽空间分布

为了实现烟羽二维空间分布的精确重建, 建立了被动多轴差分吸收光谱断层扫描系统,实现了多台被动多轴差分吸收光谱系统对废气烟羽空间分布的测量。首先,介绍了多轴差分吸收光谱系统及其反演气体浓度的机理。接着,使用代数迭代算法对不同的重建模型,采用不同的扫描光路进行了重建模拟,并设计了重建程序。然后,对数值模拟仿真结果进行了分析比较。最后,搭建了多轴差分吸收光扫描系统平台,进行了外场试验。数值模拟的结果显示：MAX-DOAS层析技术能精确的重建出烟羽模型的二维空间分布,四光源光路的重建误差约是双光源光路重建误差的三分之一,四光源重建时间约是双光源重建时间的四分之一,且双峰模型的重建误差大于单峰模型的重建误差。外场试验的结果显示：重建图像的积分数据与多轴差分吸收光谱测得的投影数据是一致的,说明重建出的烟羽空间分布符合实际情况。研究表明,数值模拟的结果与外场试验的结果具有一致性。     

利用局部凸轨法产生可调长间隔的SR脉冲

 为了拓展合肥同步辐射光源的用途,满足一些实验需要长时间间隔同步辐射脉冲的要求,研究利用垂直局部凸轨法产生时间间隔可调的同步辐射脉冲。分别对合肥同步辐射光源的3种Lattice参数进行物理计算与数值模拟,并分析了凸轨磁铁的插入对储存环参数的影响。     

代数迭代重建算法在折射衬度CT中的应用

X射线折射衬度CT是一种基于相位衬度的断层成像技术,特别适合对由轻元素组成的生物、医学样品进行成像,可以观察到常规吸收衬度CT无法观察到的软组织内部微细结构,是一种具有巨大发展潜力的新成像方法.迭代重建算法和解析重建算法是计算机断层成像技术中并行发展的两种算法,虽然已经提出了几种X射线折射衬度CT的解析重建算法,可是还未见X射线折射衬度CT迭代重建算法的报道.研究了代数迭代重建算法在X射线折射衬度CT中的应用,比较分析了不同的投影数据排列方式对于折射衬度CT重建图像的影响,并对实验数据进行了图像重建,获得了满意的CT图像.研究结果表明,在相位衬度CT中,迭代重建算法相对于解析重建算法而言,能减少投影次数,降低曝光剂量,减少对生物样品的辐射损伤,在生物样品成像和投影数据不完整的情况下具有明显的优势. 关键词： 衍射增强成像 代数迭代算法 CT重建 同步辐射     

同步辐射的科学应用与第三代SR光源

同步辐射具有其他常规光源所不能比拟的优异特性，本文在简要叙述ＳＲ光源特性的基础上，概要介绍了在北京同步辐射装置上进行过的同步辐射应用研究，探讨了第三代同步辐射可能的工业应用，还介绍了第三代同步辐射光源及光束线的主要特点。     

同步辐射微束荧光CT及其应用新进展

同步辐射微束X射线荧光CT（SR-XFCMT）是将传统的X射线荧光分析法和计算机断层成像（CT）技术有机结合发展起来的一种先进的分析技术．SR-XFCMT可以给出元素在样品内部的分布而不需要对样品进行破坏性的处理，现已成为很多研究领域的有力工具．文章简要介绍了同步辐射微束荧光CT技术及其应用的最新进展，阐述了同步辐射微束X射线荧光CT的关键问题及其发展的前景.     

DEIReconstructor： a software for diffraction enhanced imaging processing and tomography reconstruction

Diffraction enhanced imaging （DEI） has been widely applied in many fields, especially when imaging low-Z samples or when the difference in the attenuation coefficient between different regions in the sample is too small to be detected. Recent developments of this technique have presented a need for a new software package for data analysis. Here, the Diffraction Enhanced Image Reconstructor （DEIReconstructor）, developed in Matlab, is presented. DEIReconstructor has a user-friendly graphical user interface and runs under any of the 32~bit or 64- bit Microsoft Windows operating systems including XP and WinT. Many of its features are integrated to support imaging preprocessing, extract absorption, refractive and scattering information of diffraction enhanced imaging and allow for parallel-beam tomography reconstruction for DEI-CT. Furthermore, many other useful functions are also implemented in order to simplify the data analysis and the presentation of results. The compiled software package is freely available.     

强度关联三维衍射层析的实验研究

提出了一种基于强度关联成像的新型三维衍射层析技术.利用强度关联成像技术(鬼成像)可实现无透镜傅里叶变换的特点,并结合衍射层析技术和二步相位恢复算法,使用波长为650 nm的赝热光实现了强度关联三维衍射层析.详细描述了强度关联三维衍射层析的基本原理以及具体实验结果,为在第三代同步辐射光源实现非相干X光衍射成像积累了经验.     

An iterative image reconstruction algorithm combined with forward and backward diffusion filtering for in‐line X‐ray phase‐contrast computed tomography

In‐line X‐ray phase‐contrast computed tomography (IL‐PCCT) can reveal fine inner structures for low‐Z materials (e.g. biological soft tissues), and shows high potential to become clinically applicable. Typically, IL‐PCCT utilizes filtered back‐projection (FBP) as the standard reconstruction algorithm. However, the FBP algorithm requires a large amount of projection data, and subsequently a large radiation dose is needed to reconstruct a high‐quality image, which hampers its clinical application in IL‐PCCT. In this study, an iterative reconstruction algorithm for IL‐PCCT was proposed by combining the simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) with eight‐neighbour forward and backward (FAB8) diffusion filtering, and the reconstruction was performed using the Shepp–Logan phantom simulation and a real synchrotron IL‐PCCT experiment. The results showed that the proposed algorithm was able to produce high‐quality computed tomography images from few‐view projections while improving the convergence rate of the computed tomography reconstruction, indicating that the proposed algorithm is an effective method of dose reduction for IL‐PCCT.     

An ART iterative reconstruction algorithm for computed tomography of diffraction enhanced imaging

X-ray diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI) has extremely high sensitivity for weakly absorbing low-Z samples in medical and biological fields. In this paper, we propose an Algebra Reconstruction Technique (ART) iterative reconstruction algorithm for computed tomography of diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI-CT). An Ordered Subsets (OS) technique is used to accelerate the ART reconstruction. Few-view reconstruction is also studied, and a partial differential equation (PDE) type filter which has the ability of edge-preserving and denoising is used to improve the image quality and eliminate the artifacts. The proposed algorithm is validated with both the numerical simulations and the experiment at the Beijing synchrotron radiation facility (BSRF).     

An efficient numerical tool for dose deposition prediction applied to synchrotron medical imaging and radiation therapy

Medical imaging and radiation therapy are widely used synchrotron‐based techniques which have one thing in common: a significant dose delivery to typically biological samples. Among the ways to provide the experimenters with image guidance techniques indicating optimization strategies, Monte Carlo simulation has become the gold standard for accurately predicting radiation dose levels under specific irradiation conditions. A highly important hampering factor of this method is, however, its slow statistical convergence. A track length estimator (TLE) module has been coded and implemented for the first time in the open‐source Monte Carlo code GATE/Geant4. Results obtained with the module and the procedures used to validate them are presented. A database of energy‐absorption coefficients was also generated, which is used by the TLE calculations and is now also included in GATE/Geant4. The validation was carried out by comparing the TLE‐simulated doses with experimental data in a synchrotron radiation computed tomography experiment. The TLE technique shows good agreement versus both experimental measurements and the results of a classical Monte Carlo simulation. Compared with the latter, it is possible to reach a pre‐defined statistical uncertainty in about two to three orders of magnitude less time for complex geometries without loss of accuracy.     

Comparison of in vitro breast cancer visibility in analyser‐based computed tomography with histopathology,mammography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging

High‐resolution analyser‐based X‐ray imaging computed tomography (HR ABI‐CT) findings on in vitro human breast cancer are compared with histopathology, mammography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging. The HR ABI‐CT images provided significantly better low‐contrast visibility compared with the standard radiological images. Fine cancer structures indistinguishable and superimposed in mammograms were seen, and could be matched with the histopathological results. The mean glandular dose was less than 1 mGy in mammography and 12–13 mGy in CT and ABI‐CT. The excellent visibility of in vitro breast cancer suggests that HR ABI‐CT may have a valuable role in the future as an adjunct or even alternative to current breast diagnostics, when radiation dose is further decreased, and compact synchrotron radiation sources become available.     

Multimode X-ray tomography at the mediana Station of the Kurchatov synchrotron radiation source

The synchrotron radiation used in X-ray tomography enables us to vary the recording conditions within wide limits due to the continuous spectrum and the beam’s high brightness and collimation. The possibilities of multimode X-ray tomography at the Mediana station of the Kurchatov synchrotron radiation source, including tomography and microtomography based on white and “pink” beams, imaging with the help of a monochromatic beam, and measurements via axial and refractive phase-contrast methods, are described. The presented results of the reconstruction of different objects have been obtained under different recording conditions.     

Pseudo-global tomography for local micro-computed tomography with high-brightness synchrotron X-rays

The computed tomography imaging of a local region inside a sample with a size larger than the field of view is particularly important for synchrotron X-ray imaging.In this letter,an improved algorithm is proposed to reconstruct the local structure inside a sample using almost completely local data.The algorithm significantly reduces the X-ray radiation dose and improves computational efficiency.Simulation results show that the new algorithm works well and has a higher reconstruction precision than previous methods,as confirmed by experimental results carried out at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility.     

Single‐cell resolution in high‐resolution synchrotron X‐ray CT imaging with gold nanoparticles

Gold nanoparticles are excellent intracellular markers in X‐ray imaging. Having shown previously the suitability of gold nanoparticles to detect small groups of cells with the synchrotron‐based computed tomography (CT) technique both ex vivo and in vivo, it is now demonstrated that even single‐cell resolution can be obtained in the brain at least ex vivo. Working in a small animal model of malignant brain tumour, the image quality obtained with different imaging modalities was compared. To generate the brain tumour, 1 × 10⁵ C6 glioma cells were loaded with gold nanoparticles and implanted in the right cerebral hemisphere of an adult rat. Raw data were acquired with absorption X‐ray CT followed by a local tomography technique based on synchrotron X‐ray absorption yielding single‐cell resolution. The reconstructed synchrotron X‐ray images were compared with images obtained by small animal magnetic resonance imaging. The presence of gold nanoparticles in the tumour tissue was verified in histological sections.