用交叉束激光诱导荧光技术研究氟原子与碘化物的反应

在570-620 nm波长范围内用交叉束激光诱导荧光技术研究了F原子与C_2H_5I, C_2F_5I和C_3H_5I的反应, 获得了反应产物IF的振功和转功激发谱; 测得了反应产物IF在v=3, 4和5能级中的初生相对振动布居密度, 和部分的相对细致振动速率常数, 转动温度和振功能级中转动能量的平均部分数; 并对反应机制进行了讨论。     

Ca(~1S_0)+CH_2Cl_2、CHCl_3和Ca(~3P)+CH_2Cl_2、CHCl_3反应的动态学研究

在微观反应动力学领域,研究反应物内能和平动能对产物能态布居的影响具有重大的意义。前人已较详细地考察了反应物平动能、振动能及转动能对产物内能态布居的影响,但有关反应物电子态能量对基电子态产物内能态布居影响的文献报道甚少。因为在大多数电子激发态金属原子与卤化物或氧化物的反应中,既可以形成电子激发态产物,又可形成基电子态产物,而来自电子激发态产物的辐射不仅给基电子态产物的激光诱导荧光(LIF)探测造成困难,而且影响初生基电子态产物的能态布居。据此,本文选择了小化学发光截面的反应(Ca~3P)+CH_2Cl_2、CHCl_3,利用直流放电选态和LIF技术,研究电子态能量对基电子态产物内能态布居的影响。     

用激光诱导荧光方法研究Ca+NF3, CHF3反应的初始产物能态分布

本文使用LIF方法在气-束装置上研究了Ca+NF_3——CaF+F_2N 和Ca+CHF_3——CaF+CHF_2二个反应的初始产物能态分布。通过测得的CaF分子的LIF激发光谱和计算机模拟计算, 发现二个反应的CaF振动分布属于类Boltzmann型, 并取得其内能分配的信息。通过光谱模拟和信息论计算, 还获知NF_2和CHF_2自由基的内能态是激发的。根据分析, 本文认为这二个反应是具有后期释能特征的直接碰撞反应。     

用激光诱导荧光方法研究Ca+NF_3,CHF_3反应的初始产物能态分布

本文使用LIF方法在气-束装置上研究了Ca+NF_3——CaF+F_2N 和Ca+CHF_3——CaF+CHF_2二个反应的初始产物能态分布。通过测得的CaF分子的LIF激发光谱和计算机模拟计算,发现二个反应的CaF振动分布属于类Boltzmann型,并取得其内能分配的信息。通过光谱模拟和信息论计算,还获知NF_2和CHF_2自由基的内能态是激发的。根据分析,本文认为这二个反应是具有后期释能特征的直接碰撞反应。     

亚磺化脱卤研究 Ⅲ.全氟伯碘代烷及α,ω—全氟二伯碘代烷在连二亚硫酸钠作用下的亚磺化脱碘反应

应用相转移催化和加入共溶剂的技术,全氟碘代烷如Cl(CF_2)_2I(1a)、Cl(CF_2)_4I(1b),Cl(CF_2)_6I(1c),H(CF_2)_8I(1d),C_4F_9I(1e),C_6F_(13)I(1f),C_8F_(17)I(1g)及α,ω-全氟二碘代烷如(ICF_2CF_2)_2O(3a),I(CF_2)_6I(3b),I(CF_2)_8I(3c),I(CF_2)_(10)I(3d)等均可与连二亚硫酸钠水溶液在温和的条件下发生亚磺化脱碘反应,生成全氟亚磺酸盐Cl(CF_2)_2SO_2Na(2a),Cl(CF_2)_4SO_2Na(2b),Cl(CF_2)_6SO_2Na(2c),H(CF_2)_8SO_2Na(2d),C_4F_9SO_2Na(2e),C_6F_(13)SO_2Na(2f),C_8F_(17)SO_2Na(2g)及O(CF_2CF_2SO_2K)_2(5a),KO_2S(CF_2)_6SO_2K(5b),KO_2S(CF_2)_8SO_2K(5c),KO_2S(CF_2)_(10)SO_2K(5d)。全氟α,ω-二亚磺酸钠易潮解,均转化为相应的钾盐。这些亚磺酸盐均可用常规方法氯化成对应的磺酰氯,从而提供了由全氟碘代烷、二碘代烷制备全氟亚磺酸盐、二亚磺酸盐及全氟磺酸,二磺酸及衍生物的一种实用方法。     

有机氟化学的新进展

本文综述氟有机化学的最新进展。论及:1.气溶胶直接氟化法,新的温和的氟化试剂——CH_3CO_2F,N-氟代二氢吡咯酮,R_F(?)(C_6H_5)CF_3SO_3(?)和喷雾干燥的KF。2.合成全氟烷基磺酸的新方法,如全氟烷基碘在金属活化下与SO_2在DMF中的反应,又如I(CF_2)_2O(CF_2)_2SO_2F与C_2F_4调聚和全氟卤代烷的亚磺化脱碘反应。3.惰性—CF_2—及—CF_3的新反应,如五氟一氯丙酮与KF的反应,多氯氟乙烷与硫酚钠的反应。4.具有生理活性的氟化物,如抗癌物fluorosesqisiloxane,杀虫剂29-fluorositosterol。     

可见光诱导对位苯酚/苯胺邻位多氟烷基化

发展了一种简便、清洁的可见光催化的苯酚/苯胺邻位多氟烷基化反应路线.以较廉价的多氟烷基碘或溴为自由基源,Ru(bpy)_3Cl_2为催化剂,在LED蓝光灯照射下,多种对位取代的苯酚/苯胺高效选择性地发生邻位多氟烷基化反应,以80%~92%的产率合成了一系列多氟烷基化的芳香化合物.此反应在无需保护基团的情况下,可快速在游离苯酚/苯胺类化合物骨架上引入CF_3,C_3F_7,C_4F_9,C_6F_(13),C_8F_(17)I和CF_2CO_2Et等一系列多氟烷基基团.此反应条件温和(室温)、催化体系绿色,为具有潜在药用价值和生理活性的含氟苯酚/苯胺类芳香族化合物的合成提供了一条高效、快捷的新途径.     

碘乙烷激光裂解反应通道及产物的能量分布

用分子束和飞行时间技术测量了248 nm激光光解过程C_2H_5I→C_2H_5+I°(~2p_(1/2))和C_2H_5I→C_2H_5+I(~2p_(3/2))裂解碎片的平动能和内能分布。测得通道比I~*/I为2.37。根据实验结果, 对光解过程中电子激发态特性, 产生I(~2p_(3/2))通道的机理以及乙基自由基的振动激发作了讨论。     

全氟和多氟烷基磺酸的研究 ⅩⅧ.由二氟甲磺酰氟的衍生物产生二氟卡宾的研究

前文报道HCF_2SO_2F(1)与某些亲核试剂反应时会产生:CF_2,HCF_2SO_3H和P_2O_5,POCl_3等作用时也会形成:CF_2.本文报道二氟甲磺酸和磺酰胺在不同条件下产生:CF_2的结果. 我们在研究CH_3O_2CCF_2SO_3R(R=C_6H_5,HCF_2CF_2CH_2)的脱甲氧羰基反应时发现在质子溶剂(如ROH)中进行时得到HCF_2SO_3R.若用LiCl在HMPA/THF中与它反应,并加     

六氟乙烷分解成氟甲基及其逆反应的A因子和活化能的计算

采用半经典统计方法对过渡态的临界键长进行了具体计算,利用这些结果计算了CF_3+CF_3C_2F_6反应的指数前因子和活化能,计算结果与实验值相当符合。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.