基于可调控狭缝光子晶体波导的微粒操控

提出并设计了一种用于真空中操控亚波长微粒的可调控渐变狭缝光子晶体波导结构.该结构利用光力将微粒捕获到狭缝中,使其沿光传输方向传输,并通过外加折射率调控的方式,将微粒输运到所需位置.分析了狭缝光子晶体波导的带隙结构、传输特性与微粒的受力情况,计算了热调控光子晶体波导的功耗与温度分布.结果表明,利用狭缝宽度渐变的硅基光子晶体波导,通过热调控改变硅折射率,可以实现光波截止位置从出射端到入射端的移动;对于总长度18μm的狭缝光子晶体波导,从入射端到出射端狭缝缩窄4nm时,控制微粒位置所需的折射率变化为0.012,而改变折射率所需的加热功率不高于13.7mW.这一结构将为微粒操控提供一种可能的实现方案.     

渐变折射率波导表面折射率的确定

单调变化的渐变折射率波导的表面折射率大于波导基模的有效折射率,因而不能用传统的m-线方法测量。利用分析转移矩阵(ATM)方法研究了渐变折射率波导中的表面等离子波,提出了一种确定波导近表面折射率的实验技术,在波导折射率分布的拟合中,得到了比传统逆WKB方法更为合理的结果。     

Fermi折射率分布光波导的模方程

对Fermi折射率分布的特性进行了分析,用光线理论推导出Fermi折射率平面光波导的近似超越模方程.理论分析和实验结果比较表明,Fermi折射率分布函数能较好地描述准阶跃渐变折射率.得到的近似模方程相当精确地决定了这类波导的模式特性,比阶跃折射率近似精确.     

多层线型分割法分析渐变型平板介质波导

提出了一种求解渐变折射率平板光波导的传播常数和场强分布的数值计算方法,计算了几类典型的渐变折射率波导的传播常数数值,并与其它方法进行了比较,结果表明,该方法计算的精度极高,速度较快,有实用价值.     

一种硅基SiO_2波导耦合器的设计与分析

波导耦合器是组成光纤传感系统和光纤通信系统光收发组件及模块的重要元器件,是实现光收发模块一体化光电集成的基础。给出了一种用光纤陀螺系统的X型四端口波导耦合器的工作原理,采用有效折射率法和BPM(Beam propagation method)法建立了耦合器的数学模型,计算并分析了耦合器尺寸在尽可能小的情况下和在满足单模传输的条件下耦合器的耦合系数、有效耦合长度、分光比以及回波损耗等参数之间的关系,并对其关键技术进行了系统的研究。仿真结果表明,所设计的波导耦合器在低损耗情况下分光比可达到50%∶50%,耦合器全长为33.5mm,输入输出波导间距为410μm,芯层截面积为6μm×6μm。     

多层线型分割法分析渐变型平板介质波导

提出了一种求解渐变折射率平板光波导的传播常数和场强分布的数值计算方法，计算了几类典型的渐变折射率波导的传播常数数值，并与其它方法进行了比较，结果表明，该方法计算的精度极高，速度较快，有实用价值。     

用耦合波理论求解渐变折射率光纤的传播常数和模式场

本文应用耦合波理论来计算任意渐变折射李光纤的传播常数和模场分布.将无限伸展的抛物型折射率分布光纤作为一个理想波导,任意径向不均匀折射率分布光纤便可以视作该理想波导的微扰,其模场可以展开成一组完备的理想波导模的叠加.然后,模场和传播常数可以通过耦合波方程求得.进一步将一阶微分方程组形式的耦合波方程变换成线性方程组,使计算过程大大简化.文中给出了数值计算结果,并将其与准确值进行了比较.     

渐变耦合脊波导晶体管探测器光响应分析

为提高InP基光探测器的吸收效率和工作速度,设计了一种渐变耦合脊波导单载流子传输异质结光敏晶体管探测器。采用有效折射率法和光束传播法,分析渐变耦合脊波导的光传输模式,优化后波导宽度和波导长度分别为2.6μm和250μm,可实现单模传输和高的光吸收效率。由于渐变耦合脊波导单载流子传输异质结光敏晶体管光传输方向与载流子运动方向垂直,分别优化光敏晶体管的吸收效率和速度,器件输出光电流和特征频率均得到改善。渐变耦合脊波导单载流子传输异质结光敏晶体管的响应度为33.83A/W,饱和输出光电流为90mA,最高特征频率达到87GHz,其饱和输出电流和特征频率相比于台面单载流子传输异质结光敏晶体管分别提高了20%和24%。但渐变耦合脊波导单载流子传输异质结光敏晶体管吸收体积大,获得饱和电流时的光功率也比较大,因此渐变耦合脊波导单载流子传输异质结光敏晶体管的响应度略小于台面的单载流子传输异质结光敏晶体管的响应度。     

用于CARS激发源的全光纤飞秒脉冲谱压缩

进行了基于光纤预啁啾和自相位调制的多模/单模组合式全光纤啁啾谱压缩研究.提出利用多模光纤模式估计群速度色散均值的方法,并将该估计值作为啁啾参量分析的计算参数,仿真计算了50/125μm折射率渐变多模光纤的群速度色散均值及其与单模光纤在不同长度比值下的光谱压缩效果.采用三种折射率渐变多模光纤进行实验,对比分析了折射率渐变多模光纤的芯径大小及其与单模光纤的长度比值对光谱压缩效果的影响.实验结果表明使用50/125μm折射率渐变多模光纤获得光谱最大压缩比为5.796,谱宽为2.243 nm,与理论仿真一致;使用105/125μm折射率渐变多模光纤,可进一步提高压缩比至152.941,输出谱宽为0.085 nm的光脉冲.将此脉冲用于相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射光谱探测,理论光谱分辨率可达1.386 cm~(-1).     

超短脉冲激光在掺Er3+ 磷酸盐玻璃中制备光波导的实验研究

超短脉冲激光通过非线性吸收调制光学材料折射率提供了一种高效制备集成三维光子器件的途径.掺Er³⁺磷酸盐玻璃由于其优异的特性以及在1.55μm通信波段附近的发射光谱,成为了集成光学主动增益材料中的研究热点.实验采用重复频率1 kHz,中心波长800 nm,脉冲宽度120 fs的钛宝石飞秒激光放大系统作为制备波导的光源,系统研究了加工参数对激光写入形貌、波导形成及光学特性的影响.实验结果表明,在狭缝整形辅助短焦物镜横向刻写条件下,写入脉冲能量为1.8μJ时,光波导可以在写入速度为10μm/s-160μm的较宽范围内形成;写入速度为40μm/s时,光波导写入脉冲能量参数窗口为1.6μJ-2.0μJ;波导写入深度在125μm-200μm范围时,波导横截面对称性较好且折射率修改明显;近场强度测量结果显示所制备波导近场强度分布对称,导光特性良好.通过有限差分法反推波导区域折射率修改分布,结果显示最大折射率修改为Δn=6.6×10^-4.截断传输损耗测量结果显示所制备波导的传输损耗低至0.91 dB/cm.     

Accuracy of three-point finite difference approximations for optical waveguides with step-wise refractive index discontinuities

A rigorous truncation error analysis of three-point finite difference approximations for optical waveguides with step-wise refractive index discontinuities is given. As the basis for the analysis we use the exact coefficients of the series that expresses the field value at a given finite difference node in terms of the field value and its derivatives at a neighbouring node. This series is applied to develop a rigorous formalism for the truncation error analysis of the three-point finite difference approximations used in the numerical modelling of light propagation in optical waveguides with step-wise discontinuities of the refractive index profile. The results show that the approximations reach O(h²) truncation error only asymptotically for sufficiently small values of the mesh size.     

Interference microscopy of femtosecond laser written waveguides in phosphate glass

By focusing fs-laser radiation in the volume of a transparent material the refractive index can be changed locally, leading to 3-dimensional waveguiding structures. Waveguides are written in phosphate glass (IOG from Schott) at a depth of 100 μm below the surface. The pulse energy and the scan velocity are varied. For the first time the optical path difference caused by the waveguides and therefore the refractive index distribution of the waveguides and their cross sections are determined using interference microscopy. The optical path difference measured in the written structures and their cross sections is analyzed by a phase-shift algorithm. Thus, the refractive index distribution both along a line perpendicular to the waveguide and in the plane of a cross section is determined. The results are visualized as 2-dimensional graphics. Several regions of opposite sign of the refractive index change are observed in the cross sections of waveguides generated by femtosecond laser pulses. The number and the size of these regions are increasing with increasing pulse energy and decreasing scan velocity.     

Finite difference scheme for planar waveguides with arbitrary index profiles and its implementation for anisotropic waveguides with a diagonal permitivity tensor

A finite difference scheme with a uniform mesh for planar waveguides with arbitrary refractive index profiles that takes full account of any smooth index variation and index discontinuity is derived for TE and TM-polarized waves. Discretizations that lead to a second-order error in the effective indices are given for TE and TM polarizations. At the computational boundaries, transparent boundary conditions are used. The scheme was implemented for anisotropic waveguides with a diagonal permitivity tensor and examined by using samples with various refractive index profiles, ranging from simple step- and graded-index up to complicated refractive index profile structures composed of either isotropic or anisotropic materials. For simple cases where the results of other methods are available in the literature, the proposed scheme shows very good agreement.     

光子晶体异质结耦合波导光开关

以二维三角晶格光子晶体为研究对象,在该光子晶体中引入两行平行的单模线缺陷波导,以一行耦合介质柱为间距,通过调节部分耦合介质柱的折射率,构筑了光子晶体异质结耦合波导光开关结构。利用平面波展开法和定向耦合原理计算了在不同入射光频率下,缺陷波导间耦合介质柱的折射率不同时的耦合长度,确定了合适的光子晶体异质结耦合波导光开关的结构参数。利用时域有限差分法研究了该光开关中耦合介质柱的折射率变化及异质结构介质柱的位置分布对光信号输出路径的影响。结果表明,通过改变该结构中耦合介质柱的折射率可以改变光的输出路径,可实现光的开关行为。并且异质结构介质柱位置的随机分布对该光开关的影响不大,有助于光子晶体新型滤波器、定向耦合器、波分复用器以及光开关等光子器件的研究。     

Coordinate stretching for finite difference optical waveguide mode solvers

Numerical methods are necessary to calculate propagating modes in optical waveguides. The finite difference method is widely used because it is applicable to waveguides with arbitrary refractive index profiles and it is easy to implement. To improve the efficiency and to reduce the size of the resulting large sparse matrix, the finite difference method is often used with a variable grid size strategy. This is related to the technique of coordinate stretching. In this paper, we develop a technique for optimizing the coordinate stretching function based on discrete reflection coefficients. We demonstrate our method using a scalar model which is valid for weakly-guided optical waveguides.     

不同衬底折射率的多模干涉耦合器

设计了一种具有不同衬底折射率的新型多模干涉耦合器,在多模波导区引入了更强的光场限制,激发更高阶的导模,从而提高映像质量.采用二维有限差分波束传播方法模拟了这种新型的结构,结果表明:与传统结构相比,以功率均衡性和附加损耗为衡量标准的映像质量有了明显提高.这种结构可以应用于三维SOI脊形波导中.     

Photonic crystal microcavity as a highly sensitive platform for RI detection

In this paper, we propose a new design principle of two-dimensional photonic crystal refractive index sensors with high transmission and sensitivity simultaneously. The proposed sensor is made of two waveguide couplers and one microcavity which is obtained by varying the radius of one air hole in the center of PC structure. The microcavity is separated from the input and output waveguides by many holes of the PC. It is shown that by injecting an analyte such as gas or a liquid into a sensing hole, and thus changing its refractive index, a shift in the resonant wavelength may occur. The transmission spectra, quality factor and sensitivity of the sensor have been analyzed numerically by the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The sensitivity value of the sensor has been found to be 668 nm/(RIU with minimum detection limit of 0.002 RIU), which proves the ability of the structure to produce biosensor PhC.     

任意折射率分布平板波导与圆光纤的差分法分析

给出一种差分析，用以求解任意折射率剖面的平板波导及圆光纤的本征方程。本法编程十分简单，不涉及特殊函数的繁复计算，有普适性，可精确求得色散曲线、截止频率与模场分布。     

Low-loss amorphous Si waveguides with gradient refractive index cladding structure

Amorphous Si waveguides with gradient refractive index cladding structure are proposed and fabricated using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition method.Compared with 6 dB/cm for ridge waveguide without gradient cladding,the propagation loss of the gradient cladding waveguides is less than 1 dB/cm with both TE and TM polarizations.     

Finite difference split step method for non-paraxial semivectorial beam propagation in 3D

A non-paraxial semivectorial method in the finite difference split step scheme is proposed. The method can model wide-angle beam propagation in waveguides with high index contrast and gives good accuracy even for moderate discretization. A new method for splitting of operators is used to maintain the continuity of terms. This splitting also makes the propagation more efficient. The method is relatively insensitive to the choice of the reference refractive index.