纳米金/石墨烯修饰电极的制备及其对多巴胺的测定

利用电化学还原方法制备纳米金/石墨烯修饰玻碳电极,研究了多巴胺(DA)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了电化学测定多巴胺的新方法。结果表明,在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,此修饰电极对多巴胺的电化学响应具有很好的催化作用。利用差示脉冲伏安技术对多巴胺的电化学氧化进行定量分析,多巴胺的氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-7～1.0×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限低至4.0×10-8mol/L。该修饰电极适于多巴胺的分析检测。     

镍纳米粒子-离子液体修饰碳糊电极的制备及其对多巴胺的测定

制备了镍纳米粒子-离子液体修饰电极,在0.1 mol/L磷酸缓冲溶液(pH 6.0)中研究了多巴胺(DA)在修饰电极上的电化学行为.与裸电极相比,DA在该修饰电极上的氧化还原电位明显降低,氧化还原反应的峰电流明显增大,DA的峰电流与其浓度在2.0×10~(-8) ～1.0×10~(-4) mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为6.5×10~(-9) mol/L.该修饰电极对抗坏血酸具有明显的抗干扰能力.     

金掺杂聚L-半光氨酸修饰电极测定多巴胺

利用电化学聚合法将金和L-半胱氨酸修饰于玻碳电极表面,制成了金掺杂聚L-半胱氨酸修饰电极,研究了多巴胺(DA)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。实验结果表明,在p H 5.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,多巴胺在修饰电极上产生一对明显的氧化还原峰,且氧化峰电流与其浓度在2.0×10-6~3.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,方法检出限为2.08×10-7mol/L。该修饰电极用于实际样品中DA的测定,回收率达98.4%。     

Electrochemical Behavior of Dopamine at Poly( Methylene Blue)/Graphene Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

利用电聚合方法在石墨烯修饰的玻碳电极表面制备了聚亚甲基蓝/石墨烯修饰电极( PMB/GH/GCE).采用循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究了多巴胺(DA)和抗坏血酸(AA)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为.在pH 6.9的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,DA和AA分别在0.208 V和-0.108 V处产生灵敏的氧化峰,与其在聚亚甲基蓝和石墨烯单层修饰电极上的电化学行为相比,两者的峰电流明显增加,峰电位差达316 mV.研究表明,电聚合方法使亚甲基蓝牢固地非共价修饰到石墨烯上,并产生协同增效作用,较好地提高了电极的灵敏度和分子识别性能,有利于在大量AA存在下实现对DA的选择性测定.在1.00×10-3 mol/L AA的存在下,DA的差分脉冲伏安法峰电流与其浓度在1.00×10--7～5.00×10-3 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限达1.00 × 10-6mol/L.将该方法用于盐酸多巴胺注射液的测定,结果满意.     

基于两种复合纳米材料修饰的电极对多巴胺的催化氧化

本文先在Au电极表面自组装硫辛酰胺(T-NH_2),再利用电化学还原的方法将还原氧化石墨烯(ERGO)和纳米金(AuNPs)电沉积到T-NH_2表面,采用循环伏安法考察了电极的电化学性能。实验表明,该修饰电极对多巴胺(DA)具有良好的电催化作用,优化条件下,DA的氧化峰电流与其浓度在6.49×10~(-6)~7.62×10~(-3) mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系(R=0.996),检出限为2.0×10~(-6) mol/L。     

电还原柠嗪酸修饰电极对多巴胺和尿酸的电化学性质研究

采用循环伏安法制备了电还原柠嗪酸膜修饰碳糊电极(ECA/CPE),研究了多巴胺(DA)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。在pH 7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,ECA/CPE对DA具有明显的电催化作用,且DA呈现出一对准可逆的氧化还原峰,其氧化峰电流与DA浓度在3.7×10-7~8.2×10-5mol/L和1.04×10-4~9.34×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1×10-7mol/L(S/N=3)。使用微分脉冲伏安法,DA和尿酸(UA)在ECA/CPE上的氧化峰能完全分离,且峰电流与浓度呈良好的线性关系。该电极可用于盐酸多巴胺针剂中DA的测定以及人体尿液中UA的检测。     

多巴胺在聚亚甲基蓝/石墨烯修饰电极上的电化学行为研究

利用电聚合方法在石墨烯修饰的玻碳电极表面制备了聚亚甲基蓝/石墨烯修饰电极(PMB/GH/GCE)。采用循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究了多巴胺(DA)和抗坏血酸(AA)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。在pH 6.9的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,DA和AA分别在0.208 V和-0.108 V处产生灵敏的氧化峰,与其在聚亚甲基蓝和石墨烯单层修饰电极上的电化学行为相比,两者的峰电流明显增加,峰电位差达316 mV。研究表明,电聚合方法使亚甲基蓝牢固地非共价修饰到石墨烯上,并产生协同增效作用,较好地提高了电极的灵敏度和分子识别性能,有利于在大量AA存在下实现对DA的选择性测定。在1.00×10-3mol/L AA的存在下,DA的差分脉冲伏安法峰电流与其浓度在1.00×10-7～5.00×10-3mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限达1.00×10-8mol/L。将该方法用于盐酸多巴胺注射液的测定,结果满意。     

聚吡咯／多壁碳纳米管修饰电极对多巴胺的测定

制备了聚吡咯/多壁碳纳米管(PPy/MWNT)复合膜修饰电极。研究了神经递质多巴胺(DA)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。实验表明,PPy/MWNT复合膜修饰电极对DA的电催化作用优于PPy修饰电极。在pH=4.10的0.2mol/L醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液中,DA在该修饰电极上的CV曲线于0.31V和0.28V处出现一对灵敏的氧化还原峰,峰电位差△Ep比裸玻碳电极降低58mV,比PPy修饰电极降低28mV,峰电流显著增加。氧化峰电流ipa与DA浓度在1.0×10-4~7.8×10-8mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为ip(μA)=0.2512 1.2300C(×10-5mol/L),相关系数r=0.9992,检出限为3.9×10-8mol/L。常见物质对DA的检测无干扰,DA注射液样品检测回收率为94%~104%。     

纳米NiO-还原石墨烯复合修饰玻碳电极的制备及电催化检测多巴胺

制备了纳米NiO-还原石墨烯复合修饰电极(NiO-rGO/GCE),并用于多巴胺(DA)的检测。用循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究了DA在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,在pH=7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中,该修饰电极对DA有良好的催化作用。DA浓度在5.0×10-7~3.2×10-5 mol/L范围内与氧化峰电流呈良好的线性关系,检出限为3.8×10-8 mol/L。用该修饰电极直接测定了血清中DA含量,回收率在97.8%~101.1%之间。     

桑色素/石墨烯修饰电极的制备及对多巴胺的选择性灵敏测定

在石墨烯纳米片修饰电极(GN/GCE)上,通过电聚合的方法制备了新颖的桑色素/石墨烯复合修饰电极(M/GN/GCE).以多巴胺(DA)和抗坏血酸(AA)为模型化合物,运用循环伏安法(CV)和差示脉冲伏安法(DPV)考察了该复合修饰电极的电催化行为.在pH 7.0的PBS中,DA和AA分别在0.172 V和-0.183 V产生氧化峰,峰位差达355 mV.与单一修饰电极(桑色素修饰电极(M/GCE)、石墨烯修饰电极(GN/GCE)及裸玻碳电极(GCE))相比,DA在M/GN/GCE上的峰电流显著增大.在优化的实验条件下,DA在2.0×l0-8～5.5×10-4 mol/L浓度范围内与其峰电流具有良好的线性关系,检出限达9.0×10-9 mol/L.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.