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本文建议一种Huckel-Hubbard参数化法,并用Huckel-Hubbard理论首次计算了氮叶立德[2,3]和氮[1,3]σ键迁移反应的基态和低激发态势能面。根据计算得到的势能面,对相应的基态和激发态反应途径进行了讨论,得到有价值的结论。 相似文献
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采用改进的LEPS势,通过求解广义本征方程计算了O2+C-Ni(100)表面反应的势能面.在碳原子被吸附于Ni(100)表面的情况下,氧分子以不同的方式接近表面,通过势能面的计算以了解表面吸附原子与气相分子的反应途径与机理. 相似文献
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利用神经网络力法,基于47783个高精度从头算能量点构建了反应体系H+CH4←→H2+CH3的一个全域势能面.通过大最的准经典轨线以及量子散射计算测试了势能面的收敛性质.这个势能面对于拟合过程以及从头算点的数目都已经完全收敛,拟合误差很小县比Shepard插值的势能面计算速度更快,代表了此标志性多原子反应体系最好的势能面. 相似文献
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本文建议一种Hückel-Hubbard参数化法,并用Hückel-Hubbard理论首次计算了氮叶立德[2,3]和氢[1,3]σ键迁移反应的基态和低激发态势能面,根据计算得到的势能面,对相应的基态和激发态反应途径进行了讨论,得到有价值的结论。 相似文献
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反应体系的势能面,对了解反应的微观过程起着重要的作用,它的特征决定了化学反应的机理.原则上,由反应体系的Schrodinger方程的解,可得到体系能量随核间距变化的函数,从而获得势能面.除少数简单反应外,几乎无法精确求得复杂反应体系的势能面.因而,除从头算法外,人们先后发展了计算势能面的一些半经验方法.对某一反应,文献中可能记载好几个势能面,因此,在分析反应或计算反应的各物理量时,应当说明所应用的是何种势能面.我们曾指出,过渡态熵的可靠性,有赖于提供过渡态参数的势能面.本文从下述基元反应 相似文献
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M. V. Basilevsky 《Theoretical chemistry accounts》1987,72(1):63-67
The chemically interesting potential energy surfaces (PES) are considered on which the conditions underlying application of structural stability principle and Morse inequalities are violated. The possibility of treatment of singular branching points on a PES slope in terms of intrinsic reaction curves (IRC) is discussed. 相似文献
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The potential energy surface (PES) of a chemical reaction contains Valley-Ridge inflection points (VRI) if??an often occurring phenomenon??the reaction path branches. In this paper, we introduce a new direct search method to detect these VRI points. It is based on an inductive execution of Gauss?CNewton steps. For the first time, we were able to find not only singular nonsymmetric VRI points, but also whole VRI manifolds on the PES of HCN. 相似文献
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Igor V. Tokmakov Albert F. Wagner Michael Minkoff Donald L. Thompson 《Theoretical chemistry accounts》2007,118(4):755-767
We present several approaches to use gradients in higher degree interpolating moving least squares (IMLS) methods for representing
a potential energy surface (PES). General procedures are developed to obtain smooth approximations of the PES and its derivatives
from quasi-uniform sets of energy and gradient data points. These methods are illustrated and analyzed for the Morse oscillator
and a 1-D slice of the ground-state PES for the HCO radical computed using density functional theory. Variations in the IMLS
fits with the number and distribution of points and the degree of the polynomial fitting basis set are examined. We determine
the effects of gradient inclusion on the accuracy of the IMLS values of the energy, first and second derivatives for two 1-D
test cases. Gradient inclusion reduces the number of data points required by up to 40%. 相似文献
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Halogen chemistry is well known for ozone destruction in the stratosphere, however reactive halogens also play an important role in the chemistry of the troposphere. In the last two decades, an increasing number of reactive halogen species have been detected in a wide range of environmental conditions from the polar to the tropical troposphere. Growing observational evidence suggests a regional to global relevance of reactive halogens for the oxidising capacity of the troposphere. This critical review summarises our current understanding and uncertainties of the main halogen photochemistry processes, including the current knowledge of the atmospheric impact of halogen chemistry as well as open questions and future research needs. 相似文献
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We outline a hybrid multiscale approach for the construction of ab initio potential energy surfaces (PESs) useful for performing six-dimensional (6D) classical or quantum mechanical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of diatomic molecules reacting at single crystal surfaces. The algorithm implements concepts from the corrugation reduction procedure, which reduces energetic variation in the PES, and uses neural networks for interpolation of smoothed ab initio data. A novelty sampling scheme is implemented and used to identify configurations that are most likely to be predicted inaccurately by the neural network. This hybrid multiscale approach, which couples PES construction at the electronic structure level to MD simulations at the atomistic scale, reduces the number of density functional theory (DFT) calculations needed to specify an accurate PES. Due to the iterative nature of the novelty sampling algorithm, it is possible to obtain a quantitative measure of the convergence of the PES with respect to the number of ab initio calculations used to train the neural network. We demonstrate the algorithm by first applying it to two analytic potentials, which model the H2/Pt(111) and H2/Cu(111) systems. These potentials are of the corrugated London-Eyring-Polanyi-Sato form, which are based on DFT calculations, but are not globally accurate. After demonstrating the convergence of the PES using these simple potentials, we use DFT calculations directly and obtain converged semiclassical trajectories for the H2/Pt(111) system at the PW91/generalized gradient approximation level. We obtain a converged PES for a 6D hydrogen-surface dissociation reaction using novelty sampling coupled directly to DFT. These results, in excellent agreement with experiments and previous theoretical work, are compared to previous simulations in order to explore the sensitivity of the PES (and therefore MD) to the choice of exchange and correlation functional. Despite having a lower energetic corrugation in our PES, we obtain a broader reaction probability curve than previous simulations, which is attributed to increased geometric corrugation in the PES and the effect of nonparallel dissociation pathways. 相似文献
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An accurate global potential-energy surface (PES) is reported for H5(+) based on more than 100,000 CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ ab initio energies. This PES has full permutational symmetry with respect to interchange of H atoms and dissociates to H3(+) and H2. Ten known stationary points of H5(+) are characterized and compared to previous ab initio calculations. Quantum diffusion Monte Carlo calculations are performed on the PES to obtain the zero-point energy of H5(+) and the anharmonic dissociation energy (D0) of H5(+) --> H3(+) + H2. The rigorous zero-point state of H4D+ is also calculated and discussed within the context of a strictly classical approach to obtain the branching ratio of the reaction H4D+ --> H3(+) + HD and H2D+ + H2. Such an approach is taken using the PES and critiqued based on the properties of the quantum zero-point state. Finally, a simple procedure for adding the long range-interaction energy is described. 相似文献
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We describe an algorithm that explores potential energy surfaces (PES) and finds approximate reaction paths and transition states. A few (≈6) evolving atomic configurations ("climbers") start near a local minimum M1 of the PES. The climbers seek a shallow ascent, low energy, path toward a saddle point S12, cross over to another valley of the PES, and climb down to a new minimum M2 that was not known beforehand. Climbers use both energy and energy derivatives to make individual decisions, and they use relative fitness to make team-based decisions. In sufficiently long runs, they keep exploring and may go through a sequence M1-S12-M2-S23-M3 ... of minima and saddle points without revisiting any of the critical points. We report results on eight small test systems that highlight advantages and disadvantages of the method. We also investigated the PES of Li(8), Al(7)(+), Ag(7), and Ag(2)NH(3) to illustrate potential applications of this new method. 相似文献
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The rheological behavior and gelation characteristics of epoxy blends are of critical importance to property study and industrial application. In this work, we studied the rheological behavior and structural transition of different thermoplastics, including polyetherimide, polymethylmethacrylate, and polyethersulfone (PES), modified epoxy systems by using rheometry instrument, differential scanning calorimetry, time-resolved light scattering, and scanning electronic microscopes. At the same molecular weight level of thermoplastics, different epoxy blends show profound diversities on the rheological and gelation behavior due to the large differences in phase separation and curing process. For early phase-separation systems of PES-modified epoxy blends, two gel points are identified, which correspond to physical gelation and chemical gelation, respectively. With the variation of the PES molecular weight and curing rate, dramatic changes in gel time and critical exponent were observed. As the molecular weight of thermoplastics is increased, the gelation time becomes shorter and the gel strength gets lower, while the faster curing rate would increase the physical gel strength significantly. 相似文献