共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 190 毫秒
1.
基于弹性杆的Kirchhoff模型讨论受拉扭弹性细杆的超螺旋形态.导出细长螺旋杆的等效抗弯和抗扭刚度.分析受拉扭弹性细杆的稳定性和分岔,且利用等效刚度概念将弹性杆的稳定性条件应用于对细长螺旋杆稳定性的判断.在扭矩不变条件下增加拉力至极限值时,直杆平衡状态失稳转为螺旋杆状态.继续增加拉力,直螺旋杆平衡状态失稳卷绕为超螺旋杆.从而对Thompson/Champney实验中受拉扭弹性细杆形成超螺旋形态的多次卷绕现象作出定性的理论解释.
关键词:
弹性细杆
Kirchhoff动力学比拟
等效刚度
超螺旋形态 相似文献
2.
研究基于Gauss 变分的超细长弹性杆动力学建模的分析力学方法.分别在弧坐标和时间的广义加速度空间定义虚位移,给出了非完整约束加在虚位移上的限制方程;建立了弹性杆动力学的Gauss原理,由此导出Kirchhoff方程、Lagrange方程、Nielsen方程以及Appell方程;对于受有非完整约束的弹性杆,导出了带乘子的Lagrange方程;建立了弹性杆截面动力学的Gauss最小拘束原理并说明其物理意义.
关键词:
超细长弹性杆动力学
分析力学
Gauss变分
最小拘束原理 相似文献
3.
基于Kirchhoff理论讨论圆截面弹性螺旋杆的动力学问题.以杆中心线的Frenet坐标系为参考系,建立用欧拉角描述的弹性杆动力学方程.讨论其在端部轴向力和扭矩作用下保持的无扭转螺旋线平衡状态.在静力学和动力学领域内讨论其平衡稳定性问题.还讨论了弹性杆平衡的Lyapunov稳定性和欧拉稳定性两种不同稳定性概念之间的区别和联系.在一次近似意义下证明了螺旋杆在空间域内的欧拉稳定性条件是时域内Lyapunov稳定性的必要条件.导出了解析形式螺旋杆三维弯曲振动的固有频率,为螺旋线倾角和受扰挠性线波数的函数.
关键词:
弹性螺旋杆
Kirchhoff动力学比拟
Lyapunov稳定性
欧拉稳定性 相似文献
4.
斜直圆筒内基于Euler-Rodrigues参数的细长杆螺旋屈曲研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于Euler-Rodrigues参数描述受约束细杆的后屈曲变形状态,建立相应的能量泛函,导出非线性平衡微分方程及接触力表达式.采用有限元法对能量泛函进行分析计算,通过与现有文献中数值、理论结果比较,验证了公式和求解过程的正确性.结合算例,揭示了正弦屈曲模态与螺旋屈曲模态之间的转化过程,证实了在受约束细长杆的后屈曲响应中存在不同屈曲模态之间的互相转变. 相似文献
5.
在动力学普遍原理中, 高斯最小拘束原理的特点是可通过寻求函数极值的变分方法直接得出运动规律, 而无须建立动力学微分方程. Kirchhoff动力学比拟方法以刚性截面的姿态表述弹性细杆的几何形态, 并发展为以弧坐标s和时间t为自变量的弹性杆分析力学. 由于截面姿态的局部微小改变沿弧坐标的积累不受限制, Kirchhoff模型适合描述弹性杆的超大变形. Cosserat弹性杆模型考虑了Kirchhoff模型忽略的截面剪切变形、中心线伸缩变形和分布力等因素, 是更符合实际弹性杆的动力学模型. 建立了基于高斯原理的Cosserat弹性杆的分析力学模型, 导出拘束函数的普遍形式, 以平面运动为例进行讨论. 关于弹性杆空间不可自相侵占的特殊问题, 给出相应的约束条件对可能运动施加限制, 以避免自相侵占情况发生. 相似文献
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7.
作为DNA等一类生物大分子的力学模型,弹性细杆的非线性力学再次受到关注,形成一个力学与分子生物学的交叉学科.除了不受外界约束的自由弹性细杆外,受曲面约束的弹性细杆静力学具有重要的应用背景.在分析约束、约束方程和约束力的基础上建立了受曲面约束的圆截面弹性细杆的平衡微分方程,即曲面上的Kirchhoff方程,它是以截面主矢和截面姿态坐标以及中心线的Descartes坐标为变量的微分/代数方程.作为应用,讨论了约束是圆柱面的情形.此时平衡的无量纲方程仅含的物理参数是截面对形心的抗扭刚度和对主轴的抗弯刚度的比值,与几何参数无关.由此导出方程的螺旋杆特解.数值计算表明,对弹性细杆中心线的几何形状有显著影响的是截面主矢和姿态坐标及其导数的起始值,而不是物理参数.
关键词:
弹性细杆
DNA超螺旋
曲面约束
螺旋杆 相似文献
8.
以杆的横截面为研究对象,讨论了其自由度,给出了截面虚位移定义,并定义变分和偏微分运算对独立坐标服从交换关系. 给出了曲面约束的基本假设,讨论了约束对截面自由度的影响以及加在虚位移上的限制方程. 从D'Alembert原理出发结合虚功原理,建立了弹性杆动力学的D'Alembert-Lagrange原理,当杆的材料服从线性本构关系时,化作Euler-Lagrange形式、Nielsen形式和Appell形式. 由此导出了Kirchhoff方程以及Lagrange方程、Nielsen方程和Appell方程,得到
关键词:
超细长弹性杆
分析力学方法
Kirchhoff动力学比拟
变分原理 相似文献
9.
研究弹性细杆Kirchhoff模型及其相关演化系统, 是深入考察宏观、微观柔性体拓扑结构与稳定性问题的重要依据. 以DNA弹性细杆数学模型为背景, 考虑截面非对称性特征的影响, 构造新的复数形式Kirchhoff系统. 在此基础上, 结合复变量扭矩设解形式, 获得了非对称截面系统的有效抗弯刚度; 并通过相关理论在高维系统简化过程中的应用, 得到了对应于原有系统的单变量二阶常微分方程. 此外, 将DNA分子具备的抗弯刚度周期变化特征转化为针对有效抗弯刚度的周期摄动形式, 以期从总体上减少理论分析对于数值积分 相似文献
10.
研究弹性细杆Kirchhoff模型及其相关演化系统, 是深入考察宏观、微观柔性体拓扑结构与稳定性问题的重要依据. 以DNA弹性细杆数学模型为背景, 考虑截面非对称性特征的影响, 构造新的复数形式Kirchhoff系统. 在此基础上, 结合复变量扭矩设解形式, 获得了非对称截面系统的有效抗弯刚度; 并通过相关理论在高维系统简化过程中的应用, 得到了对应于原有系统的单变量二阶常微分方程. 此外, 将DNA分子具备的抗弯刚度周期变化特征转化为针对有效抗弯刚度的周期摄动形式, 以期从总体上减少理论分析对于数值积分的依赖, 为后续定量分析工作提供新的思路. 相似文献
11.
Sébastien Neukirch Joël Frelat Alain Goriely Corrado Maurini 《Journal of sound and vibration》2012,331(3):704-720
The small-amplitude in-plane vibrations of an elastic rod clamped at both extremities are studied. The rod is modeled as an extensible, shearable, planar Kirchhoff elastic rod under large displacements and rotations, and the vibration frequencies are computed both analytically and numerically as a function of the loading. Of particular interest is the variation of mode frequencies as the load is increased through the buckling threshold. While for some modes there are no qualitative changes in the mode frequencies, other frequencies experience rapid variations after the buckling threshold, the thinner the rod, the more abrupt the variations. Eventually, a mismatch for half of the frequencies at buckling arises between the zero thickness limit of the extensible model and the inextensible model. 相似文献
12.
The deformation of an elastic rod rotating in a viscous fluid is considered, with applications related to flagellar motility. The rod is tilted relative to the rotation axis, and experiments and theory are used to study the shape transition when driven either at constant torque or at constant speed. At low applied torque, the rod bends gently and generates small propulsive force. At a critical torque, the rotation speed increases abruptly, and the rod forms a helical shape with increased propulsive force. We find good agreement between theory and experiment. A simple physical model is presented to capture and explain the essential behavior. 相似文献
13.
The European Physical Journal E - The buckling and twisting of slender, elastic fibers is a deep and well-studied field. A slender elastic rod that is twisted with respect to a fixed end will... 相似文献
14.
Many types of bacteria swim by rotating a bundle of helical filaments also called flagella. Each filament is driven by a rotary
motor and a very flexible hook transmits the motor torque to the filament. We model it by discretizing Kirchhoff’s elastic-rod
theory and develop a coarse-grained approach for driving the helical filament by a motor torque. A rotating flagellum generates
a thrust force, which pushes the cell body forward and which increases with the motor torque. We fix the rotating flagellum
in space and show that it buckles under the thrust force at a critical motor torque. Buckling becomes visible as a supercritical
Hopf bifurcation in the thrust force. A second buckling transition occurs at an even higher motor torque. We attach the flagellum
to a spherical cell body and also observe the first buckling transition during locomotion. By changing the size of the cell
body, we vary the necessary thrust force and thereby obtain a characteristic relation between the critical thrust force and
motor torque. We present a elaborate analytical model for the buckling transition based on a helical rod which quantitatively
reproduces the critical force-torque relation. Real values for motor torque, cell body size, and the geometry of the helical
filament suggest that buckling should occur in single bacterial flagella. We also find that the orientation of pulling flagella
along the driving torque is not stable and comment on the biological relevance for marine bacteria. 相似文献
15.
In-plane vibrations of an elastic rod clamped at both extremities are studied. The rod is modeled as an extensible planar Kirchhoff elastic rod under large displacements and rotations. Equilibrium configurations and vibrations around these configurations are computed analytically in the incipient post-buckling regime. Of particular interest is the variation of the first mode frequency as the load is increased through the buckling threshold. The loading type is found to have a crucial importance as the first mode frequency is shown to behave singularly in the zero thickness limit in the case of prescribed axial displacement, whereas a regular behavior is found in the case of prescribed axial load. 相似文献
16.
H. Wada 《The European physical journal. E, Soft matter》2009,28(1):11-16
The dynamics of a rotating elastic nano-ring driven in a viscous fluid by an externally applied torque about a specific axis
is studied using elasto-hydrodynamic simulations. We show that a helical deformation of the ring filament is excited, and
that this leads to directed propulsion which is independent of the direction of rotation. It is found that the propulsive
force and efficiency initially increase as the torque is increased, and then decrease discontinuously at a buckling transition
at a critical torque. This unique propulsive behavior at the shape transition arises due to its specific geometry, i.e., circularity of an elastic filament. The implications of the behavior for artificial microscopic devices are discussed. 相似文献
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18.
以脱氧核糖核酸和工程中的细长结构为背景, 大变形大范围运动的弹性杆动力学受到关注. 将分析力学方法运用到精确Cosserat弹性杆动力学, 旨在为前者拓展新的应用领域, 为后者提供新的研究方法. 基于平面截面假定, 在弯扭基础上再计及拉压和剪切变形形成精确Cosserat弹性杆模型. 用刚体运动的概念描述弹性杆的变形, 导出弹性杆变形和运动的几何关系; 在定义截面虚位移及其变分法则的基础上, 建立用矢量表达的d’Alembert-Lagrange原理, 在线性本构关系下化作分析力学形式, 并导出Lagrange方程和Nielsen方程, 定义正则变量后化作Hamilton正则方程; 对于只在端部受力的弹性杆静力学, 导出了将守恒量预先嵌入的Lagrange方程, 并讨论了其首次积分. 从弹性杆的d’Alembert-Lagrange原理导出积分变分原理, 在线性本构关系下化作Hamilton原理. 形成的分析力学方法使弹性杆的全部动力学方程具有统一的形式, 为弹性杆动力学的对称性和守恒量的研究及其数值计算铺平道路.
关键词:
精确Cosserat弹性杆
分析动力学方法
变分原理
Lagrange方程 相似文献