蛋白质标记荧光探针的研究及其进展

蛋白质标记荧光探针在生物分析及蛋白质组学中的应用日益广泛,被用于在分子水平上分析和识别蛋白质,检测蛋白质复杂的构象变化及各项生理活动过程如蛋白质之间的相互作用等.本文评述了近年来该类探针的研究及进展,展望了其应用前景,引用文献63篇.     

多肽荧光探针在蛋白质检测中的应用

荧光探针法是痕量蛋白质检测的重要方法,其中多肽荧光探针得到了广泛的应用.本文综述了3种主要类型多肽荧光探针,即单荧光标记探针、双荧光标记探针和与其他材料形成复合物的探针的结构特点、检测原理以及不同类型多肽荧光探针在蛋白质定性、定量检测和酶活性测定等方面的应用,并对多肽荧光探针的未来发展方向进行了展望.     

荧光探针在蛋白质研究中的应用

荧光探针技术是研究蛋白质在水溶液中构象的一种有效方法。利用它可以测定蛋白质分子的疏水微区内两基团的距离以及酶与底物结合过程中蛋白质构象的变化等。本文综述了荧光探针技术在蛋白质研究中的一些进展。     

荧光染料探针分子对变异细胞的识别

介绍了变异细胞的结构特征、细胞识别与荧光标记技术以及荧光染料探针分子标记细胞的方式。简述了荧光染料探针分子用于变异细胞组织的标记与识别的研究新进展。并针对目前荧光染料探针分子的应用现状,分析了未来的发展趋势,包括增强荧光染料探针分子与人体组织的相容性、靶向性,提高其灵敏度,降低毒性等的方法和途径。简述了固相合成分离技术用于探针分子的制备与纯化的优越性。     

双链荧光核酸适体探针用于蛋白质的简便快速检测

发展了一种基于双链荧光核酸适体(F-Aptamer)探针的简单快速检测蛋白质的分析方法.该双链荧光Aptamer探针由一条带荧光标记的Aptamer探针和带猝灭标记的互补DNA组成,当靶蛋白存在时,能形成比双链荧光Aptamer探针更稳定的F-Aptamer/蛋白质复合物,并发出荧光,从而实现对蛋白质的简便快速检测,检测线性范围为6~100 nmol/L,检出限为6 nmol/L.该方法设计简单,对核酸适体分子的大小和空间结构没有要求,可作为一种通用的基于F-Aptamer识别机理的蛋白质检测方法.     

检测活性氧物种的氧杂蒽类光学探针的研究进展

活性氧物种在维持生物体的生理功能方面发挥着重要的作用.高于正常水平的活性氧物种会损伤蛋白质、DNA等生物分子,进而导致疾病.因此,活性氧物种的高选择性、高灵敏度检测研究对疾病的预防、诊断和治疗均具有重要意义.荧光探针因具有分析灵敏度高、样品时空分辨能力强等特点,已在该方面获得了广泛的应用.其中,具有发射波长长,光稳定性好,荧光量子产率高等优点的氧杂蒽类荧光探针已成为检测活性氧物种的研究热点.本论文主要总结了近五年来应用于活性氧物种检测的氧杂蒽类荧光探针的研究进展与成像分析,归纳了不同活性氧物种的识别单元,并展望了此类探针的发展趋势与应用前景.     

罗丹明基“OFF-ON”型荧光探针研究的一些新进展

综述了近年来罗丹明衍生物在分子探针方面研究的一些新进展, 系统阐述了该类探针分子的构筑及探针分子片段由内酰胺螺环构架(无荧光/OFF型)到开环蒽醌体系(有荧光/ON型)转化过程中, 伴随着荧光的变化在离子和小分子检测方面的应用.     

《化学通报》网络版(Chemistry Online)2004年第9期论文摘要

[w0 6 8 ]DNA分子荧光探针DNA Fluorescence Probes陈秀英　彭孝军 * (大连理工大学精细化工国家重点实验室　大连　 1 1 6 0 1 2 )介绍了各种 DNA荧光探针的结构特征、荧光性质及其与 DNA的作用方式 ,概述了 DNA探针在生物分子分析方面的应用 ,并展望了 DNA荧光探针的发展趋势和应用前景。The structure characters,fluorescence properties and the functional ways of the various kinds of probes forDNA,including some applications on the detection of biomolecules,have been reviewed,and the trends andprospect on th…     

官能化罗丹明基金属阳离子荧光探针

重金属离子对环境和生物体具有极强的生理毒性,故高选择性和高灵敏度的离子检测荧光探针的研究有着重要意义。荧光分子探针在表达分子间识别行为以及复杂的环境、生命体系的内状态信息方面具有优异的性能,已广泛深入的用于构建新型功能性探针分子。本文综述了近年来基于罗丹明的金属阳离子如Hg₂₊、Cu₂₊、Fe₃₊等荧光分子探针的研究进展,包括探针的结构特征、检测机理、检测水平,更重要的是其在环境检测、生物成像、分子器件等方面的新应用,并对荧光探针所面临的问题和发展前景做了分析。     

科学出版社化学类图书精品推荐

分子探针与检测试剂 (“十五”国家重点图书出版规划项目 )张华山等编著　　 2 0 0 2年 8月出版　　定价 :4 5元本书内容丰富 ,取材新颖 ,充分反映了有机试剂基础理论研究的新进展和新成果。本书共分 12章 ,较全面系统地阐述分析化学及生物分析中的有机试剂、分子及离子荧光探针。内容包括 :光度分析中的有机显色剂、荧光试剂、发光试剂、超分子显色剂的作用原理及应用 ;离子荧光探针、分子荧光探针及其生物活性物质的测定和生命科学研究中的应用 ;高效液相色谱和气相色谱中的衍生试剂及应用。本书可供化学化工、生物技术、冶金、地质、农业…     

Gas chromatography-olfactometry analysis of the volatile compounds of two commercial Irish beef meats

The volatile flavour compounds of two commercial Irish beef meats (labelled as conventional and organic) were evaluated by gas chromatography-olfactometry and were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The volatile compounds were isolated in a model mouth system. Gas chromatography-olfactometry was performed by a group of eight assessors using the detection frequency methodology. The odours of the detected compounds were described as well. Eighty-one volatile compounds were identified, 11 compounds of which possessed odour activity in the first beef sample and 14 of which in the second meat sample. Ten volatile flavour compounds were common to both: methanethiol, dimethyl sulphide, 2-butanone, ethyl acetate, 2- and 3-methylbutanal, an unknown compound, 2-octanone, decanal and benzothiazole. Two unknown compounds were only detected in the first sample while 2,3-pentanedione, 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one, 2-heptanone, dimethyl trisulphide and nonanal were only perceived in the second beef. Significant differences in terms of detection frequency, odour characteristics and in nature of the volatile flavour compounds were emphasised between the two samples.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定红松松针中微量元素含量

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了长白山红松松针中K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu、Fe和Mn 7种金属元素含量。结果表明,在常量元素中K、Ca含量较高,微量元素中Fe、Zn含量较高,7种金属元素含量由高到低顺序分别为:K、Ca、Fe、Mg、Zn、Mn、Cu。可见松针中含有丰富的与健康密切相关的微量元素,具有较高的食用和药用价值。     

The Tannins from Sanguisorba officinalis L. (Rosaceae): A Systematic Study on the Metabolites of Rats Based on HPLC–LTQ–Orbitrap MS2 Analysis

Sanguisorba tannins are the major active ingredients in Sanguisorba ofJicinalis L. (Rosaceae), one of the most popular herbal medicines in China, is widely prescribed for hemostasis. In this study, three kinds of tannins extract from Sanguisorba officinalis L. (Rosaceae), and the metabolites in vivo and in vitro were detected and identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography, coupled with linear ion trap orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–LTQ–Orbitrap). For in vivo assessment, the rats were administered at a single dose of 150 mg/kg, after which 12 metabolites were found in urine, 6 metabolites were found in feces, and 8 metabolites were found in bile, while metabolites were barely found in plasma and tissues. For in vitro assessment, 100 μM Sanguisorba tannins were incubated with rat liver microsomes, liver cytosol, and feces, after which nine metabolites were found in intestinal microbiota and five metabolites were found in liver microsomes and liver cytosol. Moreover, the metabolic pathways of Sanguisorba tannins were proposed, which shed light on their mechanism.     

蛋白质组学技术筛选与鉴定癫痫疾病的差异蛋白质

应用蛋白质组学双向凝胶电泳(Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, 2DE)和质谱技术, 定量分析和鉴定了癫痫组(n=3)和正常组(n=3)脑组织的差异表达蛋白, 以从蛋白质水平上揭示癫痫病的发机制. 结果表明, 凝胶图谱可辨识2500~3000个蛋白点, 对21个显著差异表达蛋白点进行质谱鉴定和SwissProt数据库检索, 得到17个癫痫差异蛋白, 其中2个蛋白在癫痫组织中表达上调, 15个蛋白表达下调. 部分蛋白与癫痫的关系属首次报道. 这些蛋白与癫痫的发生发展相关, 可能成为癫痫的分子标志物和药物治疗的靶向蛋白.     

Synthesis,optical, and structural properties of bisphenol-bridged aromatic cyclic phosphazenes

Phenoxy- and naphthoxy-substituted bisphenol-bridged cyclic phosphazenes were synthesized in 2 steps and their thermal, photophysical, and electrochemical properties were investigated. The structures of the cyclic phosphazene compounds were determined by ESI-MS mass spectrometry and ¹ H, ¹³ C, and ³¹ P NMR spectroscopies. The photophysical studies of phenoxy- and naphthoxy-substituted bridged cyclophosphazenes were investigated by means of absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies in different solvents. Thermal and electrochemical properties of the target compounds were also studied. Furthermore, the excimer emissions through intramolecular interactions in solution and in solid state were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and the theoretical calculations were performed in detail using DFT.     

等离子体发射光谱法测定茶水中无机元素的含量

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法对茶水中的无机元素进行分析,对其中的Cu、Zn、Mn、P、Fe5种元素进行定量,讨论了等离子体发射光谱法最佳实验条件及影响茶叶中无机元素浸出量的因素。Cu、Zn、Mn、P、Fe的回收率为92．5％～103．5％,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1．34％-4．5％（n=5）。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定五氧化二钒中19种杂质元素

采用盐酸消解五氧化二钒样品及其中所含可溶性杂质,再以无水碳酸钾与硼酸高温熔融不可溶性杂质,然后以盐酸溶解熔块,合并溶液后以用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定杂质元素铌、锆、钛、钨、硅、铝、钼、钴、铬、镍、铜、铅、镉、砷、磷、铁、锰、钙和镁的含量。试验了基体元素和共存元素对测定的干扰,优化各元素的分析谱线,运用同步背景校正消除基体影响。19种元素的检出限在10～225μg.L-1之间,背景等效浓度在5～150μg.L-1之间。方法用于分析五氧化二钒样品,测定结果与其它化学分析方法测定值一致;分析五氧化二钒标准样品(GSBH 42015-96)的测定值与标准值相一致。     

LC/MS/MS for identification of in vivo and in vitro metabolites of jatrorrhizine

The in vivo and in vitro metabolism of jatrorrhizine has been investigated using a specific and sensitive LC/MS/MS method. In vivo samples including rat feces, urine and plasma collected separately after dosing healthy rats with jatrorrhizine (34 mg/kg) orally, along with in vitro samples prepared by incubating jatrorrhizine with rat intestinal flora and liver microsome, respectively, were purified using a C(18) solid-phase extraction cartridge. The purified samples were then separated with a reversed-phase C(18) column with methanol-formic acid aqueous solution (70:30, v/v, pH3.5) as mobile phase and detected by on-line MS/MS. The structural elucidation of the metabolites was performed by comparing their molecular weights and product ions with those of the parent drug. As a result, seven new metabolites were found in rat urine, 13 metabolites were detected in rat feces, 11 metabolites were detected in rat plasma, 17 metabolites were identified in intestinal flora incubation solution and nine metabolites were detected in liver microsome incubation solution. The main biotransformation reactions of jatrorrhizine were the hydroxylation reaction, the methylation reaction, the demethylation reaction and the dehydrogenation reaction of parent drug and its relative metabolites. All the results were reported for the first time, except for some of the metabolites in rat urine.     

顶空-气相色谱-飞行时间质谱鉴定分析饮用水中的异味成分

使用顶空-气相色谱-飞行时间质谱结合差异化分析软件鉴定分析出了饮用水中的异味物质。质谱数据通过逐级筛查，降低化合物数量，通过T检验和倍数变化统计分析查找差异显著的化合物，利用结构解析确定异味成分为乙醛。通过正交试验优化了加热时间、加热温度、样品量和加盐量等因素。检出限和定量限分别为0.0033和0.010 mg/L，线性范围为0.010~0.500 mg/L，相关系数R²=0.997。对实际样品进行了检测，分析了产生异味的原因，并对相应的生产加工工艺提出了合理化建议。该方法简便、快速、灵敏，适用于鉴定分析饮用水中的异味成分。