聚多巴胺球支撑银纳米粒子制备无酶过氧化氢生物传感器

近年来,以聚多巴胺球支撑的纳米复合材料越来越受到人们的关注。聚多巴胺球有表面功能化基团如—OH、—NH_2等,决定了聚多巴胺球可以充当多种纳米复合材料的活性载体。利用聚多巴胺良好的还原性制备并负载银纳米粒子于聚多巴胺球表面,制备出的新型复合材料银纳米粒子-聚多巴胺球(以下简写为Ag@pdop)。Au修饰电极和银纳米粒子对过氧化氢的还原反应均具有很好的催化性能,利用两者特点将其复合制备修饰电极实现对H2O2的无酶传感,检测灵敏度达到了14.7μA/(mmol·L-1),检出限可达11.8μmol/L,线性范围0.2~6.0mmol/L,检测结果及抗干扰能力均令人满意。     

核壳结构聚苯胺-聚电解质-碳酸钙微球复合材料的制备、表征和应用

在包裹了聚电解质的碳酸钙微球上原位聚合苯胺,形成导电性良好的聚苯胺-聚电解质-碳酸钙（PAN/(PEs)6/CaCO3）微球。 采用扫描电子显微镜研究了聚电解质层对碳酸钙微球形貌的影响,以及苯胺单体加入量对碳酸钙-聚电解质-聚苯胺导电复合材料形貌的影响。 并用红外光谱和紫外-可见光谱等进行了结构表征。 该复合材料有良好的电催化活性,将其滴涂在玻碳电极上,修饰电极对多巴胺氧化显示了较强的催化能力,与碳酸钙修饰电极相比,其氧化峰电位负移了130 mV,平行制作5支修饰电极测定4.0 mmol/L多巴胺,相对标准偏差为4.2％。 该复合材料制备简单、重现性良好,可以构建测定多巴胺的传感器。 线性范围0.5~10.0 mmol/L,检测限0.2 mmol/L(3S/N)。     

酶功能化聚多巴胺包覆纳米普鲁士蓝的制备及电化学分析应用

在纳米金表面原位沉积普鲁士蓝,然后在核壳结构纳米金-普鲁士蓝的表面包覆一层易氧化聚合的多巴胺保护膜,利用多巴胺聚合表面残留的大量氨基和羟基进一步将纳米铂粒子修饰于聚多巴胺膜表面制得普鲁士蓝-聚多巴胺-纳米铂多层纳米复合材料。将此复合材料修饰于金电极表面,协同使用辣根过氧化物酶用于H_2O_2浓度的检测。结果表明:聚多巴胺的引入有效增加了普鲁士蓝的稳定性,增大了纳米铂的负载量以及辣根过氧化物酶的生物活性;由于普鲁士蓝、纳米铂和辣根过氧化物酶的多重信号放大作用,酶功能化纳米复合材料修饰电极对H_2O_2表现出良好的电还原活性。优化条件下,对H_2O_2的检测范围为2.0×10~(-7)~1.0×10~(-3)mol·L~(-1),检出限(S/N=3)为1.2×10~(-7)mol·L~(-1)。     

金纳米粒子和钼氧化物复合膜修饰电极的制备及应用

利用循环伏安法将金纳米粒子和钼氧化物共同电沉积在玻碳电极表面,制备了金纳米粒子和钼氧化物复合膜修饰电极,利用SEM和XPS研究了MoOx/AuNPs复合膜的表面形态,并研究其修饰电极对葡萄糖的电催化氧化过程. 首次提出了阳极扫描极化反向催化伏安法,即在反向扫描过程中纯的催化氧化电流通过扣减背景电流的方法被提取出来. 显著提高电流测量灵敏度改善了信噪比. 制备的MoOx/AuNPs复合膜修饰电极在0.01-4.0 mmol/L对葡萄糖具有线性响应,电流灵敏度为2.35 mA·L/（mmol·cm2）,检测限为9.01 μmol/L（信噪比为3）.     

RuO_2/MWNTs纳米复合材料用于无酶型葡萄糖传感器的研究

采用水热合成法在多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)上负载了Ru O2纳米颗粒,并以Nafion为固定剂将复合材料修饰于玻碳电极的表面,制备了一种新型无酶型葡萄糖传感器。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电化学方法对复合材料进行表征,发现碳纳米管上的Ru O2为纳米级,分散均匀。该复合材料修饰的电极对葡萄糖响应电流明显,并且受抗坏血酸(AA)、多巴胺(DA)和尿酸(UA)的干扰小。采用安培法测定葡萄糖,其线性范围为1.0×10-5~1.2×10-2 mol/L(R2=0.998),灵敏度41.826μA cm-2(mmol/L)-1,检测限2.2×10-5 mol/L(信噪比为3),响应时间5.2 s,具有较好的稳定性。     

立方体银纳米-聚二烯二甲基氯化铵/氧化石墨烯复合膜修饰电极用于多巴胺和亚硝酸根的同时检测

以聚二烯二甲基氯化铵( PDDA)为保护剂和还原剂,制备了PDDA功能化的银纳米颗粒( AgNPs),然后与氧化石墨烯( GO)复合,得到 PDDA功能化的立方体银纳米( C-AgNPs)/GO 复合膜,修饰于玻碳电极( GCE)表面,形成C-AgNPs-PDDA/GO/GCE。采用扫描电子显微镜表征了不同修饰膜的形貌,探讨了其对多巴胺( DA)和亚硝酸根( NO-2)的循环伏安行为,发现C-AgNPs-PDDA/GO复合膜对DA和NO-2表现出显著的电催化氧化活性。采用差分脉冲伏安法,修饰电极检测DA的线性范围为0.030~0.300μmol/L和0.300~300μmol/L,检测 NO-2的线性范围为30.0~2300μmol/L,检测下限分别为9.8 nmol/L 和12.6μmol/L (S/N=3)。此电极具有良好的抗干扰性、重现性和稳定性,可用于人体血清样品中DA和NO-2的同时测定,回收率分别为97.4%~104.2%和98.0%~102.8%。与分光光度法比较,两者测定结果一致。     

碳纳米管负载纳米金-石墨烯量子点修饰电极电化学检测过氧化氢

采用过氧化氢刻蚀法制备石墨烯量子点(GQDs),再采用原位化学还原法制备金纳米粒子-石墨烯量子点纳米复合物(Au NPs-GQDs),最后以聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDDA)为交联剂将上述纳米复合物组装于多壁碳纳米管表面,制得金纳米粒子-石墨烯量子点-PDDA-多壁碳纳米管复合材料(Au NPs-GQDsPDDA-MWCNTs)。通过荧光光谱法、紫外-可见吸收光谱法和透射电子显微镜对上述复合材料进行表征。采用滴涂法制得该复合材料修饰的玻碳电极,研究了过氧化氢在该电极上的电化学行为。结果表明:在石墨烯量子点、金纳米粒子和多壁碳纳米管三者的协同作用下,该电极对过氧化氢的电氧化表现出强的催化活性。在优化条件下,安培法检测H_2O_2的线性范围为2.0×10~(-8)~1.5×10~(-3)mol/L,检出限(3sb)为8.0×10~(-9)mol/L,灵敏度为61.6μA/(mmol·L~(-1))。     

一步合成花朵形状的Au纳米结构以及在电化学测定多巴胺方面的应用

通过水热法在导电玻璃表面一步合成花朵形状Au纳米结构。以此花朵形状Au纳米结构修饰电极为工作电极来组装多巴胺传感器;电化学数据显示花朵形状Au纳米结构能够加速电子在多巴胺和电极表面传递,减少电化学氧化过程中的过电位,多巴胺的浓度在1.25μmol/L~1.07 mmol/L范围内,氧化峰电流与浓度存在线性关系(R=0.997),检测限为0.61μmol/L。合成的电化学传感器具有良好的稳定性和重复性,为多巴胺的实际分析检测提供了一种新方法。     

基于多壁碳纳米管-氧化钨纳米复合材料的多巴胺电化学传感器

通过电化学沉积法制备多壁碳纳米管-氧化钨(MWCNTs-WOx)纳米复合材料,利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱分析仪(XPS)对其形貌和组成进行表征。制备了复合材料修饰的玻碳电极,采用电化学阻抗(EIS)技术对修饰电极进行表征。采用循环伏安(CV)法研究了多巴胺(DA)在修饰电极上的电化学行为,以差分脉冲伏安(DPV)法建立DA检测方法。结果表明,在p H=6.5磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中,MWCNTs-WOx纳米复合材料对多巴胺有明显的电催化作用。在优化的条件下,氧化峰电流与DA浓度在0.05~1.00 mmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为17μmol/L(S/N=3)。此电化学传感器具有良好的重现性、选择性及较强的抗干扰能力,尿酸(UA)不影响DA的定量检测。将此方法用于盐酸多巴胺注射液的含量检测,效果良好。     

血红蛋白-Fe3O4-CaCO3三维生物纳米复合材料的特性及在生物传感中的应用

通过层层自组装的方法,在中性条件下利用静电作用将Fe3O4纳米粒子组装到修饰了高分子聚电解质的CaCO3多孔微米球上。该复合材料具有好的生物相容性、导电性、磁性和稳定性。将血红蛋白酶固定到该复合材料上,进而制备得到血红蛋白(Hb)-Fe3O4-CaO3复合物修饰玻碳电极,并在该修饰电极上实现了Hb与电极之间的直接电化学。该生物传感器对H2O2的还原具有较好的响应,线性范围为3.0×10-6~5.3×10-5 mol/L,检测限为8.9×10-7 mol/L。     

Sc2MgGa2 and Y2MgGa2

Scandium magnesium gallide, Sc₂MgGa₂, and yttrium magnesium gallide, Y₂MgGa₂, were synthesized from the corresponding elements by heating under an argon atmosphere in an induction furnace. These intermetallic compounds crystallize in the tetragonal Mo₂FeB₂‐type structure. All three crystallographically unique atoms occupy special positions and the site symmetries of (Sc/Y, Ga) and Mg are m2m and 4/m, respectively. The coordinations around Sc/Y, Mg and Ga are pentagonal (Sc/Y), tetragonal (Mg) and triangular (Ga) prisms, with four (Mg) or three (Ga) additional capping atoms leading to the coordination numbers [10], [8+4] and [6+3], respectively. The crystal structure of Sc₂MgGa₂ was determined from single‐crystal diffraction intensities and the isostructural Y₂MgGa₂ was identified from powder diffraction data.     

Zur Kenntnis der Dialkalimetalldichalkogenide β-Na2S2, K2S2, α-Rb2S2, β-Rb2S2, K2Se2, Rb2Se2, α-K2Te2, β-K2Te2 und Rb2Te2

On Dialkali Metal Dichalcogenides β-Na₂S₂, K₂S₂, α-Rb₂S₂, β-Rb₂S₂, K₂Se₂, Rb₂Se₂, α-K₂Te₂, β-K₂Te₂ and Rb₂Te₂ The first presentation of pure samples of α- and β-Rb₂S₂, α- and β-K₂Te₂, and Rb₂Te₂ is described. Using single crystals of K₂S₂ and K₂Se₂, received by ammonothermal synthesis, the structure of the Na₂O₂ type and by using single crystals of β-Na₂S₂ and β-K₂Te₂ the Li₂O₂ type structure will be refined. By combined investigations with temperature-dependent Guinier-, neutron diffraction-, thermal analysis, and Raman-spectroscopy the nature of the monotropic phase transition from the Na₂O₂ type to the Li₂O₂ type will be explained by means of the examples α-/β-Na₂S₂ and α-/β-K₂Te₂. A further case of dimorphic condition as well as the monotropic phase transition of α- and β-Rb₂S₂ is presented. The existing areas of the structure fields of the dialkali metal dichalcogenides are limited by the model of the polar covalence.     

Crystal Structures of [Bu2Sn(O2PPh2)2], [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2], and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2. Raman Spectra of [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2] and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2

[(n‐Bu)₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 1 ), and [Ph₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 2 ) have been synthesized by the reactions of R₂SnCl₂ (R=n‐Bu, Ph) with HO₂PPh₂ in Methanol. From the reaction of Ph₂SnCl₂ with diphenylphosphinic acid a third product [PhClSn(O₂PPh₂)OMe]₂ ( 3 ) could be isolated. X‐ray diffraction studies show 1 to crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 1303.7(1) pm, b = 2286.9(2) pm, c = 1063.1(1) pm, β = 94.383(6)°, and Z = 4. 2 crystallizes triclinic in the space group , the cell parameters being a = 1293.2(2) pm, b = 1478.5(4) pm, c = 1507.2(3) pm, α = 98.86(3)°, β = 109.63(2)°, γ = 114.88(2)°, and Z = 2. Both compounds form arrays of eight‐membered rings (SnOPO)₂ linked at the tin atoms to form chains of infinite length. The dimer 3 consists of a like ring, in which the tin atoms are bridged by methoxo groups. It crystallizes triclinic in space group with a = 946.4(1) pm, b = 963.7(1) pm, c = 1174.2(1) pm, α = 82.495(6)°, β = 66.451(6)°, γ = 74.922(6)°, and Z = 1 for the dimer. The Raman spectra of 2 and 3 are given and discussed.     

Electrochemical study of (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2 and (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2FeCl2

Summary The ability of [MoS₄]^2–, anions to be used as ligands for transition metal ions has been widely demonstrated, especially with Fe²⁺. The present study has been restricted to linear complexes such as (NEt₄)₂ [Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂] and (NEt₄)₂[Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂FeCl₂]. Their electrochemical properties are described: upon electrochemical reduction, these compounds yield MoS₂, as a black precipitate, and an iron complex in solution, assumed to be [SFeCl₂]^2–. The electrochemical reduction goes through two electron transfers, coupled with the breakdown of the molecular skeleton: a DISPl and an ECE mechanism. Depending on the solvent, the following equilibrium may be observed: [Cl₄Fe₂MoS₄]^2–[Cl₂FeMoS₄]^2–+FeCl₂. The equilibrium constant, K_D, was evaluated by differential pulse polarography. K_D is tightly related to the donor number of the solvent.     

Thermal decomposition of Me3SnO2PCl2, Me2Sn(O2PCl2)2 and Ph3SnO2PCl2

TG and DTA studies on Me₃SnO₂PCl₂, Me₂Sn(O₂PCl₂)₂ and Ph₃SnO₂PCl₂ were carried out under dynamic argon atmosphere. The results show that the decomposition proceeds in different stages leading to the formation of Sn₃(PO₄)₂ as a stable product. This compound was characterized by IR spectroscopy. Decomposition schemes involving reductive elimination reactions were proposed.     

The alkali hypophosphites KH2PO2, RbH2PO2 and CsH2PO2

The structures of the hypophosphites KH₂PO₂ (potassium hypophosphite), RbH₂PO₂ (rubidium hypophosphite) and CsH₂PO₂ (caesium hypophosphite) have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structures consist of layers of alkali cations and hypophosphite anions, with the latter bridging four cations within the same layer. The Rb and Cs hypophosphites are isomorphous.     

Syntheses,Spectroscopic Studies,and Crystal Structures of Me2Sn(O2PPh2)2, Ph2Pb(O2PMe2)2, and Ph2Pb(O2PPh2)2

Me₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂ ( 1 ), Ph₂Pb(O₂PMe₂)₂ ( 2 ), and Ph₂Pb(O₂PPh₂)₂ ( 3 ) have been synthesized by the reactions of Me₂SnCl₂ or Ph₃PbCl with the corresponding diorganophosphinic acid in methanol. X‐ray diffraction studies show that the diorganophosphinate groups behave as double bridges between the metal atoms leading to polymeric ring‐chain structures with M₂O₄P₂ (M = Pb, Sn) eight‐membered rings. The organic groups bonded to the metal atoms are in trans‐position in the resulting octahedral arrangement around the metal atoms. The IR and the mass spectra were reported and discussed.