新银盐光度法测定微量砷的研究

本文提出了一个以硝酸-硝酸银-聚乙烯醇-乙醇为氢化砷吸收显色液测定微量砷的新的分光光度法.该方法操作简便快速,灵敏度较高,重复性好,用于环境样品中砷的分析,取得了较好的结果.对本方法灵敏度明显高于二乙氨基二硫代甲酸银测砷法的原因,进行了初步分析。     

二硫代安替比林甲烷光度法测定铅冶炼废水中的微量砷

建立了利用二硫代安替比林甲烷光度法测定铅冶炼废水中微量砷的分析方法。在1.8mol·L^-1硫酸介质中,砷与二硫代安替比林甲烷显色剂发生灵敏的显色反应,最大吸收波长为331nm。考察了显色剂用量、显色反应时间、介质、酸度、不同价态砷对测定结果的影响。结果表明:使用4cm的比色皿,As^3+的质量浓度在0.04~0.6mg·L^-1内与其对应的吸光度之间呈线性关系,线性回归方程为y=1.063 x+0.001,相关系数为0.999 3,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.7×10^4L·mol^-1·cm^-1。按照标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率为97.0%~105%,相对标准偏差(n=5)为1.3%~2.6%,该方法用于测定铅冶炼废水中微量砷的结果满意。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定硫酸亚铁铵中痕量元素砷和铅

砷和铅是硫酸亚铁铵中的杂质元素,其含量对硫酸亚铁铵的纯度有影响,一般要求其质量分数不超过0.002%。如此低的含量,使用石墨炉原子吸收法测定较为合适。笔者采用日立公司的石墨炉原子吸收法同时测定溶液中痕量砷和铅,采用偏振塞曼扣除背景,结合光学快速升温技术及基体改进技术,消除了共存组分对痕量砷、铅测定的干扰,详细探     

在明胶存在下吸光光度法测定空气中硫化氢

空气中硫化氢的测定 ,当前广泛使用的分析方法是用亚砷酸钠 -碳酸铵溶液作吸收液 ,在淀粉体系中 ,硝酸银作显色剂 ,目视比色法测定[1～ 3] 。此法特征性强、干扰少 ,但灵敏度低、重现性差 ,更无法准确定量。本文研究了在明胶 -乙醇体系中 ,硝酸银的显色反应 ,优选了显色条件 ,考察了多种金属离子及空气中多种常见的有机物对测定的影响 ,在此基础上提出了一种准确、灵敏、简便的吸光光度法测定空气中硫化氢的新方法。该法用于劳动卫生的车间空气监测 ,结果满意。1　试验部分1 .1　仪器与试剂72 2光栅型分光光度计 (上海第三分析仪器厂 )日本…     

青海种植山茛菪根部重金属元素特征

采集2～7年生人工种植山莨菪,用原子荧光光谱仪测定了镉、砷、汞,原子吸收光谱仪测定铅。结果表明,2—7年生种植山莨菪在每年9月份中,4种重金属元素含量水平由高到低依次为：砷、镉、铅、汞;铅和镉、砷和铅、且砷和镉之间均存在一定相关性。各种重金属的含量随着年份和生物量的增加而有所积累。     

消渴丸中重金属铅和砷的含量测定

样品湿法消解后用石墨炉原子吸收法测定了消渴丸中铅含量,用原子荧光法测定了砷含量.结果表明,消渴丸中重金属铅含量在0.23～0.55 mg·kg- 1之间;砷含量在0.55～1.09 mg·kg- 1之间;本法测定消渴丸中重金属铅的平均回收率为96.6%,砷的平均回收率为108.4%,说明该法可用于消渴丸中铅和砷的测定,...     

2,6—二溴—4—甲基偶氮磺与铅显色反应的研究与应用

研究了2,6-二溴-4-甲基偶氮磺(DBM-SA)与铅的显色反应,在0.6mol/L H_3PO_4介质中,铅与DBM-SA发生灵敏的显色反应,生成稳定的蓝色配合物,其组成为Pb(Ⅱ):DBM-SA=1:2,最大吸收波长在642nm,表观摩尔吸光系数达9.2×10~4,铅的浓度在0～20μg/25mL之间服从比尔定律,可以允许大量的金属离子(除钙外)共存。进一步研究发现,结合KI-MIBK萃取法,可彻底消除钙对测定铅的影响,可用于各种环境样品中铅的分析。     

新显色剂二溴对甲基偶氮氯磺光度法测定铅的研究及应用

研究了铅与新显色剂二溴对甲基偶氮氯磺的显色反应,在 0.08mol~(-1)·L~(-1)的高氯酸介质中铅与二溴对甲基偶氮氯磺形成稳定的蓝色络合物,最大吸收波长为634nm.表观摩尔吸光系数ε=1.01×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),铅量在0～30μg/25ml内符合比耳定律.方法应用于铜合金中微量铅的测定,结果满意.     

氢化分离-离子选择电极间接测定岩石、矿物及土壤中砷

为适应大批量试样的分析,发挥离子选择电极直接电位法的快速、简便及相对稳定的优点,确定用含氧酸分解试样,在碘化钾、二氯化锡的稀硫酸介质中用锌粒还原,使砷呈氢化砷与其它杂质分离,采用含已知量的硝酸银的标准溶液与硝酸钾的混合溶液吸收,用银离子电极测定银量减少间接确定试样中砷的含量。     

二溴对甲偶氮磺光度法测定锌合金中微量铅

研究了新试剂二溴对甲偶氮磺与铅的显色反应,建立了直接测定锌合金中微量铅的光度分析方法。在硝酸介质中,二溴对甲偶氮磺与铅发生灵敏的显色反应,生成1∶2的蓝色配合物。铅配合物的最大吸收峰位于630nm,表观摩尔吸光系数和Sandell灵敏度分别为1.07×105L·mol-1·cm-1和1.94ng·cm-2;显色反应在常温下(<30℃)立即完成,而配合物及试剂空白的吸光度在24h内基本保持不变;铅在0～90μg/25ml范围内符合比耳定律;显色反应有良好的选择性,主要共存金属离子均有较大的允许量,可用于锌合金中微量铅的直接测定。     

流动注射分光光度法测定砷的研究

本文采用自行设计制造的氢化物发生及吸收装置,将流动注射技术同氢化物发生分光光度法结合在一起,设计了一种不使用载气的流动注射分析系统并对该系统的测定条件进行了实验研究,实验用HNO_3-AgNO_3-聚乙烯醇-乙醇混合液作吸收液,结果证明该系统具有操作简便,成本低廉,分析速度快(30次/小时),灵敏度高,重现性好及线性范围可调的优点。     

二乙基二硫代氨甲酸银体系流动注射法测定砷

本文设计了一种ＡｇＤＤＣ流动注射－分光光度法测定砷的系统。该系统采用自制的氢化物发生及吸装置，将液体流路和载气流路结合在一起。     

原子荧光光谱法测定玩具材料中可迁移砷

玩具材料和玩具部件按《玩具安全》(GB6675—2014)规定的程序制样和用盐酸提取后,加入硫脲-抗坏血酸将提取溶液中砷预还原为适合氢化物发生的价态As(Ⅲ),再加入硼氢化钾使其还原成砷氢化物,建立了原子荧光光谱法测定玩具材料中可迁移砷含量的方法。方法的检出限为0.017mg/kg,多种代表性玩具材料的砷元素加标回收率在94.4%~104%。方法适用于各种玩具材料中可迁移砷的分析。     

EDTA滴定法测定分银渣中的铅含量

采用氟化铵-盐酸-硝酸-高氯酸溶解样品,加入氢溴酸除去样品中的砷、锑、锡等共存元素,加入硫酸将样品中的铅转化为硫酸铅沉淀,通过过滤与其它元素分离,滴定前加入巯基乙酸掩蔽铋,在乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲体系下,以二甲酚橙为指示剂,建立了采用EDTA络合滴定法测定分银渣中铅含量的方法。实验方法用于测定分银渣中的铅含量,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为0.32%～0.90%,加标回收率为100%～102%。能够满足日常测定需求。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定特硬铅合金中硒和碲

建立了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定特硬铅合金中硒和碲的分析方法。试样经硝酸和酒石酸溶解,硫酸沉淀分离基体铅元素。移取部分试液,在40%盐酸介质中直接用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定样品中的硒;另移取部分试液,加入氢溴酸挥发除去砷、锑、锡、硒等元素,在40%盐酸介质中用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定样品中的碲。考察了测定的最佳条件、铅及共存元素对测定的影响。测定硒和碲的相对标准偏差分别为7.5%～9.3%和3.6%～13.0%,加标回收率分别为88%～92%和98%～102%。准确度和精密度均能满足分析需要,具有较强的实用性。     

Spectrophotometric detection of arsenic using flow-injection hydride generation following sorbent extraction preconcentration

An automated system with a C(18) bonded silica gel packed minicolumn is proposed for spectrophotometric detection of arsenic using flow-injection hydride generation following sorbent extraction preconcentration. Complexes formed between arsenic(III) and ammonium diethyl dithiophosphate (ADDP) are retained on a C(18) sorbent. The eluted As-DDP complexes are merged with a 1.5% (w/v) NaBH(4) and the resulting solution is thereafter injected into the hydride generator/gas-liquid separator. The arsine generated is carried out by a stream of N(2) and trapped in an alkaline iodine solution in which the analyte is determined by the arsenomolybdenum blue method. With preconcentration time of 120 s, calibration in the 5.00-50.0 mug As l(-1) range and sampling rate of about 20 samples h(-1) are achieved, corresponding to 36 mg ADDP plus 36 mg ammonium heptamolybdate plus 7 mg hydrazine sulfate plus 0.7 mg stannous chloride and about 7 ml sample consumed per determination. The detection limit is 0.06 mug l(-1) and the relative standard deviation (n=12) for a typical 17.0 mug As l(-1) sample is ca. 6%. The accuracy was checked for arsenic determination in plant materials from the NIST (1572 citrus leaves; 1573 tomato leaves) and the results were in agreement with the certified values at 95% confidence level. Good recoveries (94-104%) of spiked tap waters, sugars and synthetic mixtures of trivalent and pentavalent arsenic were also found.     

Effect of cathodic electrolyte on the performance of electrochemical hydride generation from graphite cathode

The classic silver diethyldithiocarbamate (SDDC) spectrophotometric procedure for arsenic determination has been used for investigation of the effect of cathodic electrolyte on the performance of electrochemical hydride generation (HG) from graphite cathode. The results of this study show that the presence of a soft metal ion such as Cd(II), Sn(II) and/or Zn(II) in the acidic cathodic electrolyte can increase effectively the efficiency of electrochemical hydride generation and decrease the effect of interferences. The possible mechanisms of these effects have been discussed in detail. The parameters related to the electrochemical hydride generation were investigated. Also the characteristic data of the electrochemical hydride generation and common hydride generation by NaBH₄ were compared. Under optimised conditions, the system is selective to As(III) and total inorganic analyses can be performed after a pre-reduction stage prior to electrochemical hydride generation. This will allow the differential determination of inorganic arsenic species. The method is appropriate to the determination of 4-40 μg of each arsenic species.     

Continuous Hydride Generation with Direct Current Plasma Emission Spectroscopic Detection for Total Arsenic Determinations (HY-DCP)

Abstract

Total arsenic determinations in complex food matrices can be performed with a high degree of accuracy and precision using an initial hydride formation step followed by direct current plasma (DCP) emission spectroscopic detection¹. The hyphenated technique, HY-DCP, uses a continuous flow hydride formation step with dual mixing of the hydride forming reagents, followed by on-line, continuous introduction of the aqueous arsenic sample. The final aqueous solution of arsine, excess sodium borohydride, and sample components, is directly introduced into the conventional spray chamber of the DCP instrument. Calibration plots for both arsenate and arsenite have been determined, together with linearities and minimum detection limits (MDLs) The overall methods for total arsenic determination have been applied to spiked water and tunafish samples. Accuracy and precision determinations have been performed for these total arsenic analyses, and compared with continuous hydride formation-flame atomic absorption (FAA) detection, as well as sequential hydride formation-FAA methods. All of these results are then compared, with the individual advantages and disadvantages o f each approach summarized.     

Use of a surfactant in the determination of arsenic by flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry

The possible benefits of the addition of an anionic surfactant, didodecyldimethylammonium bromide, in the determination of arsenic, by flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry using a flame-heated quartz tube atomizer, were studied in the light of previous reports concerning the effects of surfactants on chemical vapor generation procedures. Concentrations of arsenic between 5 and 30 μg l⁻¹ were used. Calibrations in the presence and absence of the surfactant in the sample solution were not significantly different, either for the case where vesicles were formed in the presence of the analyte or where they were preformed in the surfactant solution and then added to the analyte. The surfactant had no effect on recoveries in the presence of copper, nickel or bismuth. The addition of the surfactant to the acid carrier and/or borohydride streams had no effect. It is proposed that there may be a greater role for surfactants in the improvement of the processes by which the hydride is transferred to the bulk gas phase than has been attributed in previous reports on this subject.