抗高血压中药与微量元素初探

高血压的发病与体内微量元素的改变，如有害元素铅，镉在体内的蓄积及必需元素锌、铜、锗代谢的紊乱密切相关，本文介绍了用中药治疗原发性高血压收到满意疗效，重点探讨了中药中所含微量元素治疗高血压的作用机理。     

微量元素医学精要Ⅰ.微量元素的生理作用和体内平衡

本文综述了微量元素的各种生理作用及其在体内的平衡与健康的关系。主要内容包括，微量元素的主要生理作用；体内元素平衡及其与健康的关系；必需微量元素的生理作用及其与健康的关系；锌缺乏症，碘缺乏症；铁缺乏症；儿童铅中毒，铝中毒。     

微量元素的相互作用

每种微量元素存在于人体内并不是单独起作用，它们与生物体内的生物高分子相互作用的同时，与其它微量元素之间也具有相互作用，这种相互作用会影响生物活性和毒性。微量元素之间的作用主要分为拮抗作用和协同作用。比如有害微量元素镉在生物体内可以把与蛋白质结合的必需微量元素锌置换出来，使锌失去正常的生理功能，这种作用就叫拮抗作用，具有类似拮抗作用的元素有镍和铜，锰和镁，钨和钼，镉和钙，钒和锰等等。而协同作用则是讲依赖于某些元素的作用而加强另一元素的生物学功能，或使该元素的有效水平增加。     

微量元素对老年人健康的作用与危害

介绍了微量元素的生理功能，微量元素与衰老，长寿和老年人冠心病，高血压，脑血管疾病，肿瘤，糖尿病等五种常见病的关系。还特别介绍了锌对人类健康的作用和铅对人类健康的危害。老年人体内有益的微量元素，如铁，锌，锰，铬，硒等比较缺乏，相反镍，铅，铝等有害的微量元素比较高。长寿老人头发中有益微量元素锰，钴，硒，铜，锌，铬等均有较高水平。人要长寿，必须维持体内微量元素的水平，微量元素过低或者过高应及时通过食疗或药物治疗进行调节。     

吴家坪煤中砷在亚临界水条件下的行为

在煤的燃烧和气化过程中,有毒微量元素的释放对人体健康和环境造成了危害。如何有效控制这些有害元素的排放已经越来越引起研究的关注。微量有害元素主要为砷、汞、铅、镉、锰等。尽管在煤中的含量很低,但是煤的大量使用,其总排放量还是相当大的,由此引起的污染问题也引起重视。煤的燃前脱除有害微量元素是一种有效控制其排放的方法。目前,煤的燃前脱除微量有害元素的方法很多,例如热解、水热处理可部分脱除煤中的微量元素,但都有局限性。     

铬与人体健康

介绍了铬的生理功能,指出三价铬是人体必需的微量元素,六价铬则是严重危害人体健康的有害元素,必须适量补铬和严防六价铬的中毒,才能维持人体健康。     

新颖·实用·别具一格--评新书<实用元素医学>

<实用元素医学>已由河南医科大学出版社出版.该书由中国微量元素医学会主任委员、教授颜世铭、洪昭毅,<广东微量元素科学>杂志主编李增禧任主编,教授陈秀娜、郭维新任副主编.该书全面系统地介绍了微量元素基础知识,6种常量元素、14种人体必需的微量元素、锗、锂等及有益元素、铅、镉、汞、铝、砷等有害元素的代谢、生化功能、生理作用, 与健康和疾病的关系以及元素中毒的防治.<实用元素医学>还详尽介绍了微量元素与各系统常见病、多发病的关系,包括与疾病发生、发展的关系,在疾病诊断、鉴别诊断、预后估计、转归预测以及预防和治疗中的应用.涉及儿科、内科、妇产科、眼科、皮肤科以及职业病和地方病等多科疾病.堪称新颖、实用、别具一格.     

微量元素与防病治病

介绍了微量元素在防治疾病中的作用及对健康长寿的意义，涉及人体必需微量元素，有害元素，有机锗，微量元素是健康长寿的重要手段以及微量元素与现代文明病。     

石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定水中硒

硒是人体必需的营养元素,可抑制癌肿瘤和心血管疾病的发生。体内硒含量过低能引起营养不良,导致心肌病变;过高则引起硒中毒。 硒作为重要的生物微量元素近十几年开始被研究。硒不仅被看成是生物体内所必要的微量元素之一,而且是目前已知微量元素中较重要的一种。近年来已证明硒是机体氧化还原系统中谷胱甘肽过氧化酶的活性元素。     

卷心菜与微量元素

蔬菜是人们日常生活中必不可少的食物,是人体必需微量元素和宏量元素的主要来源,人体中必需微量元素和宏量元素的多与少,会直接引起人体生理机能的亢进或衰退,必需微量元素和宏量元素与人体健康是密切相关和必不可少的。社会的发展,人民的进步,随着人们对日常生活中食品营养及安全的日益重视,对蔬菜中微量元素特别是必需微量元素和宏量元素及有害元素的含量,以及对所种植蔬菜的土壤中是否存在有害元素污染的了解是非常必要和十分重要的。     

小儿支气管哮喘与免疫功能及微量元素关系的临床研究

通过临床对照研究,发现哮喘患儿血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群Ｔ３、Ｔ４、Ｔ８及Ｔ４／Ｔ８比健康对照组显著低下（Ｐ＜０００５）,而总ＩｇＥ则显著升高。患儿血中必需微量元素Ｚｎ、Ｓｅ、Ｃｒ、Ｓｒ及宏量元素Ｂ、Ｍｇ比健康对照组显著降低,而Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｃａ、Ｖ、Ａｌ、Ｃｏ及有害元素Ｃｄ则显著升高（Ｐ＜００５）。结果表明,小儿哮喘与人体免疫缺陷、部分微量元素降低及有害微量元素升高密切相关。提示：提高人体免疫功能、调节微量元素代谢失衡对提高哮喘防治效果有重要意义。     

稀土元素生物学效应的研究

主要讨论了稀土元素（ＲＥＥ）在生物和人体中的生理生态效应，其中包括卟啉、类胡萝卜花色 及中药、中草药中稀土元素的生物学效应。通过作者的研究表明，ＲＥＥ在生物和人体中是一种起特殊生理生态作用，尤其是促进光与能量的吸收、传递与代谢的微量元素或超微量元素。     

Interaction of chemical species with biological regulation of the metabolism of essential trace elements

Variations in the chemical speciation of dietary trace elements can result in the provision of different amounts of these micronutrients to the organism and might thus induce interactions with trace-element metabolism. The chemical species of Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn can interact with other components of the diet even before reaching the site of absorption, e.g. by formation of poorly soluble complexes with phytic acid. This might considerably modify the amount of metabolically available trace elements; differences between absorptive capacity per se toward dietary species seems to be less important. Homeostasis usually limits the quantities of Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn transported from the gut into the organism, and differences between dietary species are largely eliminated at this step. There is no homeostatic control of absorption of Se and I, and organisms seem to be passively exposed to influx of these micronutrients irrespective of dietary speciation. Inside the organism the trace elements are usually converted into a metabolically recognizable form, channeled into their biological functions, or submitted to homeostatically controlled excretion. Some dietary species can, however, be absorbed as intact compounds. As long as the respective quantities of trace elements are not released from their carriers, they are not recognized properly by trace element metabolism and might induce tissue accumulation, irrespective of homeostatic control.     

自然流产孕妇体内微量元素含量的变化

为了解自然流产孕妇体内微量元素的变化,检测了50例正常妊娠妇女和50例自然流产妇女（其中忆查明流产原因的33例,不明原因流产17例）头发中微量元素。结果显示,查明原因流产组发锌、铜、铁、钙和不明原因流产组发锌、铜、铁含量均明显低于正常妊娠组;而发铅含量则明显高于正常妊娠组,经统计学处理分析,差别有显著性。提示妊娠期微量元素平衡与否,对宫内胎儿的发育乃至安危均有一定的影响。     

Geochemical investigation of the Witbank coalfield using instrumental neutron activation analysis

The No. 2 coal seam of the Witbank basin, South Africa, has a well defined geological layering that extends laterally over most of the basin. Palaeoenvironmental studies indicate that the No. 2 seam accumulated in two distinct depositional environments: glaciofluvial channels and regions represented by transgressive marine sediments. A systematically selected suite of samples was collected to study the distribution of trace elements both laterally and vertically across the No. 2 seam. A total of 121 coal samples were analysed for 15 trace elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Detailed trace element profiles across the No. 2 seam indicate that trace elements associated with the inorganic minerals in coal reflect vertical changes in the clastic source areas, environments of precipitation and accumulation or intrusive mineralisation in the post-peat swamp phases of the No. 2 seam. Trace elements associated with the organic matter in coal relate to changes in the palaeoenvironment or possible plant associations. Variation in the concentration of Br across the Witbank basin reflect regional changes in the depositional environment. In turn the chemical nature of the depositional environment strongly effects the distribution of some trace elements among maceral groups. on indefinite secondment to the NPRU     

Use of total-reflection X-ray fluorescence in search of a biomonitor for environmental pollution in Vietnam

The concentration of trace elements in tissues of several animals collected in the Ha Nam province, approximately 40 km south of Hanoi, Vietnam, has been investigated using total-reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis. We find that the freshwater mussel is probably the optimal choice of biomonitor for the pollution situation in Vietnam, but the freshwater crab, the toad and the catfish are also good candidates. The krait is probably also well suited for this purpose. It is shown that since several elements show a more or less pronounced accumulation tendency in a particular tissue it can be of great use to determine the levels in different tissues. When selecting an organism to be used as a biomonitor, other factors besides the mere concentration of trace elements must be considered, for instance the abundance and feeding habits.     

An application of neutron activation analysis to biological materials

Contents of 13 trace elements in human hair were determined by neutron activation analysis. The distribution patterns of mean values of elements were extremely similar in all groups, though the contents of elements were individually different in each group. Numerous elements in new-born infants of both sexes correlated with each other, especially with V at a 95% confidence level. Special characteristics of diseased infants were the high contents of Cl and the low contents of Cr. It is presumed that these facts are due to the imbalanced acid-base equilibrium and some abnormal metabolic systems in diseased bodies.     

阴阳学说与化学元素的关系(人体健康和疾病的物质基础)

论述了中医的阴阳学说与化学元素的关系,揭示了人体内宏量和微量元素是其健康和疾病的物质基础,为元素医学提供了理论依据。     

Study on chemical species of inorganic elements in some marine algae by neutron activation analysis combined with chemical and biochemical separation techniques

The compositional changes of inorganic elements on freshwater leaching of 35 species of Chinese algae were studied by the determination of the element contents in marine algae using instrumental neutron activation analysis. It was found that alkali metals and chlorine mainly exist as ions in algae, in which, water-soluble K and Na exist as chlorides. While, other elements exist as the states of both ions and organic combination in which the water leaching ratios of alkaline earth metals are the lowest. The combination of trace elements with various organic macromolecules inSargassum kjellmanianum was also studied using neutron activation analysis combined with chemical and biochemical separation techniques. The results indicate that the concentration of many trace elements, such as Zn, Fe, Sc, Th are earths in protein are quite high, and some trace elements can also be combined by pigment and polyphenol. Alkaline earth metal mainly bind with alginic acid inSargassum kjellmanianum.