从近两届大学生物理竞赛再看工科物理实验教学

通过对近两届工科大学生物理竞赛成绩较好的5所重点院校的理论得分和实验得分进行对比，分析了实验得分率明显偏低的原因，并对工科院校的大学物理实验教学提出新思考。     

谈谈物理竞赛中的实验题

分析了物理竞赛中做实验的一般原则和实验命题的常见范围。     

第1届欧洲物理奥林匹克竞赛实验试题的介绍与解答

第1届欧洲物理奥林匹克竞赛实验试题为发光二极管.试题利用万用表、热敏电阻和自组的简易压力计等作为测量工具,设计实验并测量发光二极管的伏安特性、串联寄生电阻、发光效率和光功率极大值.本文详细介绍了实验试题的命题及其解答,并简单分析了命题背景和参赛选手的答题情况.命题基于发光二极管在不同温度下的光电特征,可作为基础物理实验中发光二极管相关实验的拓展.     

“第六届全国中学生物理竞赛”中电学实验考试成绩分析

第六届全国中学生物理竞赛中电学实验考试得分情况如下表所示: 从表中得分情况可以看出,近几年由于在中学物理教学中加强了实验教学工作,考生的实验动手能力有所加强,具体表现在: 1.考生连接线路速度快、差错少,在125名考生中,只有12人连续出现小错误。 2.考生基本会使用常见的电学实验仪     

第4届欧洲物理奥林匹克竞赛实验试题1的介绍与解答

第4届欧洲物理奥林匹克竞赛实验试题1为隐藏的电荷,本文详细介绍了试题1的命题、虚拟实验考试流程和解答,结合物理背景知识和实际应用介绍了命题目的,并分析了参赛学生的答题情况.试题1通过测量电子的初动能和入射、出射位置,计算出待测电荷的位置和电量,可用于理论力学、原子物理等教学内容.     

第29届国际物理奥林匹克竞赛实验分析及试题介绍

第29届国际物理奥林匹克竞赛于1998年7月2～10日在冰岛首都雷克雅未克举行，有56个队266名中学生参加．中国的5名同学获5枚金牌（本届共11枚金牌），名列第一、第二、第四、第六和第十，同时获个人总分第一、理论分第一、实验分第一、最佳女生奖以及两道题的最佳解法奖．中国同     

第45届国际物理奥林匹克竞赛实验试题简介

第45届国际物理奥林匹克竞赛的实验试题为"看见隐藏的现象!".本文介绍了试题内容及解答思路,并对中国队学生部分题目的答题情况作了简短评论.     

提高物理实验竞赛训练质量的几种有效方法

总结了指导物理实验竞赛的几点经验,指出了取得良好成绩的关键是教练员学有效的训练方法。     

开展物理竞赛，促进大学物理教学——湖南省首届大学生物理竞赛启示录

通过对湖南省首届大学生物理竞赛的回顾,总结了物理竞赛对物理教学的促进作用,揭示了物理教学过程中存在的问题,并就如何解决这些问题提出了自己的看法．     

“黑盒子”实验中的电容器

以物理竞赛实验试题为例,讲述了黑盒子实验中电容器元件的判断方法。     

State vector reduction and photon coincidences

The paper contains a discussion on two kinds of coincidence experiments. First, a standard two-photon coincidence experiment is considered and it is shown that its outcomes are incompatible with any classical radiation theory because of the role of the state vector reduction phenomenon in such an experiment. In the second part of the paper a proposed new kind of photon coincidence experiment is discussed. The classical and quantum predictions for the outcomes of this experiment differ dramatically and therefore the experiment should constitute a new limitation to the classical radiation theories. The proposed experiment should also yield information about the kinematics of the reduction of the state vector process.     

Interaction-free measurement and the quantum Zeno effect

A recent experiment which claims to use the quantum Zeno effect in the study of interaction-free measurement is analysed. It is confirmed that the mathematics of the experiment does conform to that of the original quantum Zeno proposals. However the conceptual difficulties at the heart of the original proposals are entirely missing from the recent experiment, for which there is no necessity for any intermediate correlation of states with those of another system. The results of the experiment (though not its interaction-free nature) may be understood classically.     

第33届国际物理奥林匹克竞赛光学实验试题解答及分析

介绍了第33届国际物理奥林匹克竞赛中的光学实验试题及其答案，并分析了此题的特点和实验过程中可能出现的问题。     

光放大方法及其应用

介绍了光放大的实验原理，阐述了光放大原理在万有引力实验和扫描探针显微镜中的应用。     

Two-Slit and Aharonov-Bohm Experiments in Magnetic Field

We discuss the two-slit experiment and the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) experiment in the magnetic field. In such a case the electron moving in the magnetic field produces so called synchrotron radiation. In other words the photons are emitted from the points of the electron trajectory and it means that the trajectory of electron is visible in the synchrotron radiation spectrum. The axiomatic system of quantum mechanics does not enable to define the trajectory of the elementary particle. The two-slit experiment and AB experiment in a magnetic field was never performed and it means that they are the missing experiments of quantum mechanics. The extension of the discussion to the cosmical rays moving in the magnetic field of the Saturn magnetosphere and its rings is mentioned. It is related to the probe CASSINI. The solution of the problem in the framework of the hydrodynamical model of quantum mechanics and the nonlinear quantum mechanics is also mentioned.     

Latest results on atmospheric neutrinos from Soudan 2 and the status of MINOS

In this paper, the latest results on atmospheric neutrinos from the Soudan 2 iron calorimeter experiment are presented. The flavor ratio of ratios for a 4.2 fiducial kiloton year exposure of Soudan 2 is measured to be 0.66±0.11(stat.)±0.06(syst.). The region of parameter space in the oscillation mode ν_μ → ν_τ allowed from a L/E analysis of Soudan 2 data is shown to be consistent with the results from the Super-Kamiokande experiment. The forthcoming long baseline experiment, MINOS, is also described. The current status of the experiment and its projected parameter measurement capabilities are discussed.     

Physics and present status of the WITCH experiment

The WITCH experiment (Weak Interaction Trap for CHarged particles) is starting measurements at the ISOLDE facility at CERN at present. It has been set up to measure the energy spectrum of the recoiling daughter ions after nuclear beta decay for precision tests of the Standard Model of weak interactions. However, many other topics of interest are accessible. In this article, the possibilities of recoil spectroscopy with the WITCH experiment are discussed, as well as the principle of the setup and its present situation.     

初中生物理实验操作能力及品质的比较研究

物理实验操作能力是物理实验能力的核心。加强对学生物理实验操作能力的发展研究，能使教师了解学生实验操作能力的本质，把握学生物理实验操作能力的发展规律，并对学生实验操作能力的培养提供依据。本文主要研究初二、初三两年级物理实验操作能力及各品质的比较。经研究得出初三学生操作能力及各品质都要好于初二学生。     

大学物理实验教学中的推测应用

作者将推测引入到大学物理实验教学中,从实验题目分析推测实验内容、从实验仪器面板推测仪器设计思路和使用方法、从实验描述推测实验细节等几方面的应用,教学效果和学生综合能力都有明显的提高和进步。总结了近几年的教学实践经验,具体介绍了教师在教学如何应用推测,注意将推测和介绍、分析、讲解、讨论结合,控制教学节奏,逐步培养学生综合能力,最后能够成为独立的设计者。