利用介质阻挡探针法测量大气压氦等离子体射流电子密度

分别利用电子的漂移速度和等离子体的传播速度计算了大气压下氦等离子体射流的电子密度。     

大气压低温氦等离子体射流的诊断研究

为了加快低温氦气等离子体射流的工程化进程,通过自主设计的同轴式介质阻挡放电等离子体射流发生器,在放电频率10 kHz,一个大气压条件下产生了稳定的氦气等离子体射流。通过分析不同工况下的电压电流波形可以发现单纯增加氦气体积流量只能小幅的增加电流脉冲幅值,而对放电时间、电流脉冲数的影响不大。增加放电峰值电压时电流脉冲幅值会得到较大幅度增加。通过发射光谱法对大气压氦气等离子射流的活性粒子种类、电子激发温度、电子密度进行了诊断。结果表明,大气压氦气等离子体射流中的主要活性粒子为He Ⅰ原子、N₂第二正带系、N+₂的第一负带系、羟基（OH）,H原子的巴尔末线系（H_α和H_β）与O原子,这表明虽然该试验中使用的氦气纯度已达99.99%,但其中仍残留有少量的空气,同时放电时大气中的空气会被卷吸到放电空间发生电离。还可以发现,主要活性粒子的相对光谱强度随氦气体积流量的增加及放电峰值电压的增大均呈现上涨的趋势。选用He Ⅰ原子的四条谱线对不同试验工况下的电子激发温度进行了计算,得到大气压氦气等离子体射流的电子激发温度在3 500~6 300 K之间,电子激发温度随放电峰值电压与氦气体积流量的增大总体上呈现上升的趋势。但由于反向电场的存在,某些峰值电压可能会出现电子激发温度下降的情况;根据Stark展宽原理对大气压氦气等离子体射流的电子密度进行了计算,发现电子密度的数量级可达1015 cm-3,同时增大峰值电压与氦气体积流量均可有效的提高射流中的电子密度。这些参数的研究对氦气等离子体射流在工程实际中的应用具有重要意义。     

Ar/CH4等离子体射流发射光谱诊断研究

为了更加深入的研究大气压条件下Ar/CH₄等离子体射流的放电机理和其内部电子的状态,通过自主设计的针-环式介质阻挡放电结构,在放电频率10 kHz、一个大气压条件下产生了稳定的Ar/CH₄等离子体射流,并利用发射光谱法对其进行了诊断研究。对大气条件下Ar/CH₄等离子体射流的放电现象及内部活性粒子种类进行诊断分析,重点研究了不同氩气甲烷体积流量比、不同峰值电压对大气压Ar/CH₄等离子体射流电子激发温度、电子密度以及CH基团活性粒子浓度的影响规律。结果表明,大气压条件下Ar/CH₄等离子体射流呈淡蓝色,在射流边缘可观察到丝状毛刺并伴有刺耳的电离声同时发现射流尖端的形态波动较大;通过发射光谱可以发现Ar/CH₄等离子体射流中的主要活性粒子为CH基团,C,CⅡ,CⅢ,CⅣ,ArⅠ和ArⅡ,其中含碳粒子的谱线主要集中在400~600 nm之间,ArⅠ和ArⅡ的谱线分布在680~800 nm之间;可以发现CH基团的浓度随峰值电压的增大而增大,但CH基团浓度随Ar/CH₄体积流量比的增大而减小,同时Ar/CH₄等离子体射流中C原子的浓度随之增加,这表明氩气甲烷体积流量比的增大加速了Ar/CH₄等离子体射流中C-H的断裂,因此可以发现增大峰值电压与氩气甲烷体积流量比均可明显的加快甲烷分子的脱氢效率,但增大氩气甲烷体积流量比的脱氢效果更加明显。通过多谱线斜率法选取4条ArⅠ谱线计算了不同工况下的电子激发温度,求得大气压Ar/CH₄等离子体射流的电子激发温度在6 000~12 000 K之间,且随峰值电压与氩气甲烷体积流量比的增大均呈现上升的趋势;依据Stark展宽机理对Ar/CH₄等离子体射流的电子密度进行了计算,电子密度的数量级可达1017 cm-3,且增大峰值电压与氩气甲烷体积流量比均可有效的提高射流中的电子密度。这些参数的探索对大气压等离子体射流的研讨具有重大意义。     

Experimental Study of Planar Langmuir Probe Characteristics in Electron Current-Carrying Magnetized Plasma

Experimental study of planar Langmuir probe characteristics in a magnetized plasma with an electron current along the direction of the magnetic field shows that the usual procedure for determination of the electron temperature and plasma density, which is applicable in a current-free magnetized plasma, gives erroneous results for these plasma parameters. When this procedure is applied on the characteristics measured at two opposite orientations of the probe collecting surface with respect to the direction of the electron drift, different values of the electron temperature are obtained. These virtual electron temperatures and corresponding plasma densities calculated from the measured ion saturation currents are higher and/or smaller than the exact local electron temperature and plasma density. Calculation of particular averages of these quantities is proposed as a possible way to obtain correct results for the local electron temperature and plasma density. These averages are used in the approximate evaluation of the electron drift velocity from the electron saturation currents measured at the two orientations of the probe collecting surface.     

Detailed comparison between probe density measurements of glow discharge in argon and in helium

In this article we shall look a bit more closely at some of the fundamental plasma parameters obtained by a cylindrical Langmuir probe within low-pressure electrical gas discharge plasma. The presented measurements were made in argon and in helium glow discharge plasmas. We are mainly concerned with the densities of the charged particles (electrons and ions) within the plasma and the effect of the discharge conditions upon them. The electron density is calculated from the electron current at the space potential and from the integration over the EEDF. The ion density is calculated by using the OML collisionless theory. The parameterization of Laframboise's numerical results is also used for the ion density calculation. In the range of our experimental conditions the results of plasma density, for both gases, tend to show that the ion densities measured with the OML and Laframboise theories exceeds the measured electron densities. The results also show that the plasma electron and ion densities increased with both discharge power and gas pressure.     

Theoretical and experimental investigations on the process ofhigh-pressure discharge development

The voltage breakdown behavior of a plane-parallel gap of 0.48-mm length filled with helium was examined at atmospheric pressure with admixtures of dry air at relative pressures of 0, 10^-4, 3×10^-4, and 10^-3. The initial stages of the breakdown were investigated by means of a quantitative model consisting of the electron, ion, and excited-particle conservation equations and the Poisson equation. The system of equations was solved for an applied voltage of 180 V, at one single partial pressure of the impurities. Two numerical routines were used for the solution: a commercial IMSL subroutine TWODEPEP, and a newly developed method of solution in several fractional steps. The results were compared and found to be in reasonable agreement although the new method indicated a somewhat slower rate of rise, particularly concerning electron density. The new method permits extension of the calculation up to electron densities equal to almost two orders of magnitude above the earlier limit     

Comparative measurements on thermal plasma jet characteristics inatmospheric and low pressure plasma sprayings

The ion and electron temperatures and plasma flow velocities are measured and compared between atmospheric and low pressure plasma spraying systems. The measurements of ion temperature for two systems are carried out by an optical emission spectroscopy which uses the relative emissivities of isolated Ar I emission lines. The electron density and temperature are measured by a Langmuir probe rotating across the plasma jets. The ion saturation currents collected by a Mach probe at two orientations, perpendicular and parallel to the plasma jet, determine the flow velocity. The spatial distributions of electron density, plasma flow velocity, and the associated shock activity in thermal plasma jets are discussed in conjunction with their direct dependency upon the ambient pressures as well as the torch powers. Measurements on temperatures and velocity profiles of thermal plasma jets reveal the general features of the LPPS jet characteristics, i.e., higher velocity flow with lower temperature, longer heating zone of expanded flame, and more extended accelerating zone compared with those of the APS jets. The shock activity clearly exists in the form of standing shock waves in the plasma jet of LPPS in view of flow compression and abrupt velocity drop which are appeared in the results of measurements on the variations of electron density and flow velocity along the plasma jet. In the center of the plasma jet of APS, the electron density is high enough to reach the LTE criterion, and the difference between ion and electron temperatures becomes insignificant as the torch input power increases     

大气压氩气/空气针-环式介质阻挡放电发射光谱诊断

为了更加深入地了解氩气/空气等离子体射流内的电子输运过程及化学反应过程,通过针-环式介质阻挡等离子体发生器在放电频率10 kHz,一个大气压条件下对氩气/空气混合气进行电离并产生了稳定的等离子体射流。通过发射光谱法对不同峰值电压下氩气/空气等离子体射流的活性粒子种类、电子激发温度及振动温度进行了诊断。结果表明,射流中的主要活性粒子为N₂的第二正带系、Ar Ⅰ原子以及少量的氧原子,其中N₂的第二正带系的相对光谱强度最强、最清晰,在本试验的发射光谱中没有发现N+₂的第一负带系谱线,这说明在氩气/空气等离子体射流中几乎没有电子能量高于18.76 eV的自由电子。利用Ar Ⅰ原子激发能差较大的5条谱线做最小二乘线性拟合对等离子体射流的电子激发温度进行了计算,得到大气压氩气/空气等离子体射流的电子激发温度在7 000~11 000 K之间。随峰值电压的增大,电子激发温度表现出先增大后减小的变化趋势,这说明电子激发温度并不总是随峰值电压的增长单调变化的。通过N₂的第二正带系对等离子体振动温度进行了诊断,发现大气压氩气/空气等离子体射流振动温度在3 000~4 500 K之间,其随峰值电压的增大而减小,这意味着虽然峰值电压的提高可有效提高自由电子的动能,但当电子动能较大时自由电子与氮分子之间的相互作用时间将会缩短,进而二者之间的碰撞能量转移截面将会减小,从而导致等离子体振动温度的降低。     

氮气开关流柱形成过程的理论研究

使用蒙特卡罗-粒子模拟方法对氮气开关中的流柱形成过程进行模拟, 并结合计算结果对其进行理论分析. 发现在流柱击穿发生前(即空间电荷场远小于本底电场), 等离子体的电离频率、电子平均能量及其迁移速度等都近似为常数, 因此可以解析求解电子数密度方程对等离子体的演化行为进行分析. 在击穿发生后, 随机碰撞过程会破坏初始等离子体区域分布的对称性, 并出现分叉的等离子体区域结构. 在放电过程中, 随着等离子体密度增加, 其内部基本保持电中性且电场不断减小, 靠近阴阳极两端电荷分离产生的净电荷密度不断增加, 场强也不断增加, 且靠近阳极端的电荷密度(绝对值)和场强都大于阴极端. 通过改变极板间电压发现, 平均电子能量随极板间场强增加而增加, 电子迁移速度随着场强近似线性增加, 电离频率随场强的变化快慢介于E⁴与E⁵之间.     

激光辐照固体靶产生等离子体反冲研究

提出一种通过诊断等离子体反冲动量来计算激光加载产生冲击压强的方法. 当强激光辐照固体靶表面时, 所产生的高速喷射的等离子体对靶具有反冲作用, 通过诊断等离子体反冲动量的变化可以计算激光辐照固体靶产生的冲击压强变化. 本文利用辐射流体力学软件研究了这种诊断方法, 模拟采用的激光功率密度为5×10¹²-5×10¹³ W/cm², 激光脉宽选取纳秒量级. 模拟结果表明该方法是有效且可行的.