双波段扫描辐射计的研制

介绍了一种新型小视场、高精度的双波段扫描辐射计。描述了系统的特点,分析了系统的总体方案。介绍了系统的工作原理,对系统的NETD进行了估算,对其探测器的选择、光学系统设计、调制系统设计、扫描机构设计、信号处理等方案进行了详细论述,对系统的标定和测量原理进行了分析,并给出了相应的计算公式。给出了系统的检测结果。     

工程学科研究进展

1 工程设计技术 利用有限元软件和采用CAD设计方法，对复杂结构进行了优化设计，达到了提高产品可靠性的目的。开展了五层阻尼圆板的优化设计，达到了阻尼板具有更佳的减振效果；整机三维立体布线设计，实现了整机布线可视化装配；控制系统的集成化设计，提高了产品的可靠性和降低了电源能耗；Kα波段短脉冲检波器设计，为毫米波短脉冲的检测技术提供了重要的设计经验。     

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分析了电加热器对流动氦气的加热过程,从能量平衡和热传导的角度建立了系统数学模型,用解析的方法表达了热量的传递过程,得到了传递函数。用Matlab的Simulink模块搭建了PID的控制框架,用积分分离的策略改进了温度控制的效果。仿真结果显示流体在进口温度不断变化的情况下,通过加热器的功率调节获得了比较稳定的气体出口温度,表现出了良好的控制结果。     

入口有限制的硅微通道沸腾换热特性

本文在8根水力直径均为186ìm的硅微平行通道的入口端加工了限制装置,抑制了通道间的相互作用,得到了稳定的气液两相流动,并借助于可视化技术,揭示了通道内部不同区段典型的流型特点.分析了经过通道的压降和局部换热系数的变化规律,并用经验关系式和试验结果进行了比较.     

HLS直线加速器调制器系统设计与改造

介绍了合肥同步辐射光源速调管调制器改造项目.在新的设计中采用了开关型恒流PFN充电电源,计算了充电参数,建立了主放电回路的仿真模型,重点分析了电路中反向电压问题,依据仿真结果及分析设计了反向保护电路.给出了运行中的主要波形.最后介绍了新的调制器控制系统.     

微粒污垢剥蚀机制研究

本文分析了微粒污垢的形成过程，研究了其剥蚀机制，解释了出现污垢诱导期的原因，并重新定义了微粒污垢的诱导期．利用湍流猝发理论导出了一个新的微粒污垢分析模型，该模型的特点是以易测参数表示污垢热阻．在实验室进行了气侧微粒污垢的实验研究。积累了必要的微粒污垢数据并验证了分析模型的正确性．     

Blackfin DSP并行外围接口在红外视频处理通用模块中的应用研究

介绍了Blackfin系列DSP的并行外围接口,提出了一种红外视频处理通用模块的构架,省略了数据缓冲硬件环节,缩短了数据等待时间,提高了DSP的运算效率。     

用阈值函数分析粒子场同轴全息非线性记录对再现像的影响

用阈值函数分析了粒子场同轴全息非线性记录对再现像的影响,从理论上得到了非线性记录影响粒子场同轴全息再现像的模型,并数值模拟了不同形状粒子在非线性记录下的再现像,得到再现像出现了边缘剪切效应.实验验证了数值模拟的结果,完善了粒子场同轴全息理论,并为粒子场同轴全息图像处理提供了光学产生边缘剪切效果,节约了图像处理的时间.     

激光致声换能器的实验与应用论证

设计制造了激光致声发射换能器,并进行了水槽实验,测量、计算了激光声信号的距离分辨力、声源级、指向性函数、指向性指数,分析了实验值与理论值误差产生的原因;计算了噪声背景和混响背景下对目标的探测距离;从理论上论证了探测沉底目标的可行性;分析了该换能器的信息传输速率、指向性和通信距离.     

La/酸化膨润土吸附剂的表征与除磷性能

以酸化改性膨润土为载体,采用浸泡法制备了稀土La掺杂的La/酸化膨润土吸附剂.通过XRD和FTIR对其结构进行了表征,探讨了膨润土的改性机理,研究了该吸附剂对废水的除磷性能.结果表明：酸化过程洗掉了膨润土中的杂质和氧化铝,稀土镧的掺杂在膨润土层间及表面引入了一定数量的羟基化合物,改善了膨润土的层间结构并生成了新的La-O-Si键,实现了La与膨润土的复合,提高了膨润土的吸附性能.     

三维各向同性谐振子的几何动量分布

尽管几何动量最初的引入是为了描述超面上的运动粒子的动量,却不需要限制在真实的曲面上.如果一个曲线坐标系包含了超面族和超面上的法向矢量作为一个坐标轴的单位矢量,几何动量可以定义在超面族上,并参与构造对易力学量完全集.在三维各向同性谐振子中,采用球坐标描述,存在等效球面,并在球面族上建立对易力学量完全集.因此,三维各向同性谐振子同时具有动量和几何动量分布.这两个动量的差,可以定义为径向动量,从而使得径向动量可以测量.那么,通过几何动量,可以显示出狄拉克引进的径向动量的物理意义,而不是一直认为的那样完全不具有观测意义.     

Decomposition of the total momentum in a linear dielectric into field and matter components

The long-standing resolution of the Abraham–Minkowski electromagnetic momentum controversy is predicated on a decomposition of the total momentum of a closed continuum electrodynamic system into separate field and matter components. Using a microscopic model of a simple linear dielectric, we derive Lagrangian equations of motion for the electric dipoles and show that the dielectric can be treated as a collection of stationary simple harmonic oscillators that are driven by the electric field and produce a polarization field in response. The macroscopic energy and momentum are defined in terms of the electric, magnetic, and polarization fields that travel through the dielectric together as a pulse of electromagnetic radiation. We conclude that both the macroscopic total energy and the macroscopic total momentum are entirely electromagnetic in nature for a simple linear dielectric in the absence of significant reflections.     

20MeV到180MeV／u~（16）O＋~（197）Au系统的BUU计算：线动量与角动量转移依赖碰撞参数与能量研究

用考虑了角动量守恒的ＢＵＵ模型计算了２０ＭｅＶ≤Ｅ／ｕ≤１８０ＭｅＶ能区１６Ｏ＋１９７Ａｕ系统的反应线性动量转移（ＬＭＴ）及余核角动量，着重讨论了反应线性动量转移及余核角动量对反应碰撞参量、入射能Ｅ／ｕ的依赖关系，比较了计算ＬＭＴ与Ｖｉｏｌａ系统性给出的结果间的偏差．计算结果揭示了当Ｅ／ｕ≥９０ＭｅＶ时，余核角动量对Ｅ／ｕ增长出现的饱和现象，主要来源于靶核对弹核捕获能力的持续丢失．     

反应显微成像谱仪动量及能量分辨因素分析

在对反应显微成像谱仪的工作原理作简要介绍的基础上,全面分析了各种可能影响动量分辨的因素,并结合反应显微成像谱仪的技术参数分别对反冲离子动量分辨以及电子动量与能量分辨进行了详细计算和讨论,确定了反应显微成像谱仪的动量及能量分辨,并为进一步提高分辨提供了重要依据. 关键词： 动量分辨 能量分辨 反应显微成像谱仪 动量成像原理     

Nucleon internal structure: a new set of quark, gluon momentum, angular momentum operators and parton distribution functions

It is unavoidable to deal with the quark and gluon momentum and angular momentum contributions to the nucleon momentum and spin in the study of nucleon internal structure. However we never have the quark and gluon momentum, orbital angular momentum and gluon spin operators which satisfy both the gauge invariance and the canonical momentum and angular momentum commutation relation. The conflicts between the gauge invariance and canonical quantization requirement of these operators are discussed. A new set of quark and gluon momentum, orbital angular momentum and spin operators, which satisfy both the gauge invariance and canonical momentum and angular momentum commutation relation, are proposed. The key point to achieve such a proper decomposition is to separate the gauge field into the pure gauge and the gauge covariant parts. The same conflicts also exist in QED and quantum mechanics and have been solved in the same manner. The impacts of this new decomposition to the nucleon internal structure are discussed.     

激光等离子体动量转换效率的实验研究

强激光与固体靶相互作用时，产生的高速喷射的等离子体对靶具有强烈的反冲作用，因此，激光等离子体可以作为一种新型的推进动力源.与传统的化学燃料推动相比，激光等离子体具有较高的比冲和有效载荷比等特点.对纳秒激光脉冲与铝、石墨、铅和碳氢靶相互作用时，等离子体对靶的冲量进行了实验测量，研究了大气与真空环境下的靶动量与激光聚焦面积的关系，并对部分实验结果与理论计算的数值进行了比较.实验结果显示，大气与真空环境下的靶动量有很大的差异，并且真空下的靶动量受材料性质的影响较大，与以往长脉冲激光的实验结果有很大的不同. 关键词： 激光等离子体 动量 动量耦合系数     

Canonical momentum,angular momentum,and helicity of circularly polarized Airy beams

We report a study of the momentum, angular momentum, and helicity of circularly polarized Airy beams propagating in free space. By using the vector angular spectrum representation, the explicit analytical expressions for the electric and magnetic field components of circularly polarized Airy beams are derived in detail. To overcome the drawbacks of classical kinematics formulae when applied to structured light beams, a general canonical approach is introduced to describe the momentum, angular momentum and helicity of Airy beams. Numerical simulation results for the spatial distributions of the canonical momentum, spin and orbital angular momentum, as well as the helicity densities are presented and discussed. This study may provide useful insights into the dynamical properties of Airy beams that may be important in several applications, including the optical control, micromanipulation, and information processing.     

光束截面的动量守恒及动量衍射发散度

在忽略了瞬逝波的条件下，证明真空中单色标量光场的光束截面的动量及其任一分量都与轴向坐标无关，为守恒量；文中还给出了动量衍射发散度的表达式。     

Gauge invariance and quantization applied to atom and nucleon internal structure

The prevailing theoretical quark and gluon momentum, orbital angular momentum and spin operators, satisfy either gauge invariance or the corresponding canonical commutation relation, but one never has these operators which satisfy both except the quark spin. The conflicts between gauge invariance and the canonical quantization requirement of these operators are discussed. A new set of quark and gluon momentum, orbital angular momentum and spin operators, which satisfy both gauge invariance and canonical momentum and angular momentum commutation relation, are proposed. To achieve such a proper decomposition the key point is to separate the gauge field into the pure gauge and the gauge covariant parts. The same conflicts also exist in QED and quantum mechanics, and have been solved in the same manner. The impacts of this new decomposition to the nucleon internal structure are discussed.     

Angular momentum of a brane-world model

In this paper we discuss the properties of the general covariant angular momentum of a five-dimensional brane-world model. Through calculating the total angular momentum of this model, we are able to analyze the properties of the total angular momentum in the inflationary RS model. We show that the space-like components of the total angular momentum of the inflationary RS model are all zero while the others are non-zero, which agrees with the results from ordinary RS model.