高效液相色谱-质谱联用法检测免疫抑制剂及其合并用药

建立高效液相色谱-质谱联用法同时测定人血浆中免疫抑制剂及合并用药12种药物浓度的方法.选用Kromasil-C18色谱柱(50 mm× 4.6 mm×5 μm),以甲醇-乙腈-1mmol/L乙酸铵溶液为流动相,采用梯度洗脱进行分离,样本用甲醇沉淀蛋白后进样,流速:1.1 mL/min;柱温:35℃;进样量:20μL.选用3200QTrap型液相色谱-串联质谱仪的多反应监测(MRM)扫描方式进行检测.12种药物的线性范围为0.2～1000μg/L;定量下限为0.2 μg/L.准确度与精密度结果显示方法日间、日内RSD均小于15％;相对偏差-13％～9.33％,稳定性较好.本方法快速、灵敏,专属性强、重现性好,可用于人体血浆中免疫抑制剂及其常用合并用药共12种药物浓度的测定.     

肺结核与肺癌病人全血微量元素观察

选取肇庆市第一人民医院传染病区和肿瘤病区的住院病人全血微量元素观察．结核组72例，肺癌组65例．从14种微量元素观察结果中作统计学处理，发现肺癌病人的3种有害元素N1，Cd。Pb对的含量高于肺结核．而Sr与常量元素Ca的含量亦明显高于肺结核．本文认为在肺结核与肺癌的鉴别诊断上能利用微量元素结果的差异提供一早期鉴别诊断途径．同时提示肺结核病人在治疗时应注意补充钙．     

反复呼吸道感染与微量元素的相关性研究

为探讨反复呼吸道感染与微量元素锌、铜、铁、钙的关系,剪取枕后下头发0．5－1g,采用电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱法检测了头发微量元素。结果表明：（1）反复呼吸道感染患儿发锌、铜、铁、钙含量明显低于正常健康儿童,差异有极显著性（P均＜0．01）。（2）反复呼吸道感染患儿经过补充微量元素后,发锌、铜、锌、钙含量明显高于补充微量元素前,有显著性（P＜0．01或＜0．05）。（3）56例反复呼吸道感染患儿经过补充微量元素后,随访其后1年内呼吸道感染次数的变化,明显减少者占80．4％;基本没变者占19．6％。可见,微量元素缺乏是引起反复呼吸道感染的重要原因之一。补充微量元素可减少呼吸道感染的次数。     

沈阳市学龄前儿童末梢血矿物质检测结果分析

为了解沈阳市学龄前儿童体内矿物质钙、铁、锌、铜、镁的含量与年龄和性别的关系,探讨防治其缺乏的综合措施,利用BH 5100型原子吸收光谱仪对3483例学龄前儿童末梢血中铜、锌、钙、镁和铁元素进行了检测,采用SPSS 17．0软件进行统计分析。结果表明,该地区学龄前4个不同年龄组儿童末梢血锌、钙、铁、铜元素缺乏严重,分别占总样本的66．90％、39．76％、32．5％和26．87％;3～岁组末梢血中钙、铁、锌、镁含量与其它年龄组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,各元素在性别问差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。该地区学龄前儿童钙、铁、锌、铜失衡明显,应加强营养素的合理搭配及矿物质的补充,保证儿童的健康成长。     

速效胃宁冲剂中锗含量分析

用分光光度法测定了五批速效胃宁冲剂中锗的含量,结果表明,用该法测定药物中的锗含量,摩尔吸光系数为1.0888*10^4L.mol^-1.cm^-1,线性范围0．050－0．250mg.L^-1,回收率在98．43％－103．19％,五批速效胃宁冲剂锗含量甚微,这为临床合理用药提供了有用数据。     

乌头与贝母配伍化学成分变化的UPLC/Q-TOFMS研究

利用UPLC/Q-TOFMS对中药十八反药对——乌头贝母配伍的合煎液与合并液进行检测,经过MassLynx 4.1分析其化学成分存在差异,发现合煎后次乌头碱水解受到部分抑制,而其他主要的双酯型二萜生物碱溶出较少且水解较彻底,乌头与川贝配伍合煎的毒性相对较小,因而可能通过合理炮制减毒后应用于临床治疗.     

普通城镇低龄儿童头发元素含量调查

调查了234例0－6岁儿童头发锌，铁，钙及铅含量。结果显示，存在食欲不振者90．59％，反复发生呼吸道感染及肠道感染者占55．98％，严重生长迟缓者占7．89％；缺锌儿童占调查总数的40．59％，缺铁者占34．62％，缺铁者占27．77％。     

循证护理在慢性宫颈炎合并HPV感染患者治疗指导中的应用

目的探究循证护理在慢性宫颈炎合并HPV感染患者治疗指导中的应用。方法对63例慢性宫颈炎合并HPV感染患者,经循证护理,分别于6个月和12个月追踪HPV清除率。结果 63例经循证护理的慢性宫颈炎合并HPV感染患者,6个月后和12个月后的HPV清除率分别为41.3%(26/63)和58.7%(37/63);42例对照组6个月后和12个月后的HPV清除率分别为28.6%(12/42)和58.7%(17/42)。结论对慢性宫颈炎合并HPV感染患者进行循证护理,缩短了宫颈炎治愈时间并提高HPV清除率。     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗冠心病合并心力衰竭临床疗效评价

目的：探讨冠心病合并心力衰竭患者行经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）治疗的临床疗效。方法选取2010年12月至2013年12月广东医学院治疗的65例冠心病合并心力衰竭患者,应用 PCI治疗,根据测量患者术前、术后1周和术后6个月的心功能指标变化,比较患者治疗前后的心功能变化情况。结果男性患者及女性患者, PCI 治疗成功率分别为94．4％（34/36）和96．5％（28/29）,术后2周,心功能已改善,术后6个月改善明显（均 P ＜0．05）,围术期并发症1．5％,死亡率为0。结论经皮冠状动脉介入治疗能够明显缓解冠心病合并心力衰竭患者的症状,并能改善患者心功能,且有较高的安全性。     

气相法钛系乙烯聚合催化剂的研究：催化剂性质,颗粒形态与…

研究了研磨法（ＣＭ型）和结晶沉淀反应法（ＭＧ－２型）制备的２种乙烯聚合钛系载体催化剂。ＣＭ型催化剂含钛３．４％￣４．０％，三价钛占总钛含量１５％￣２５％，比表面积为１３０ｍ＾２／ｇ，催化剂活性为９．２０ｋｇＰＥ／ｇＴｉ·ｈ聚合反应衰减快。ＭＧ－２型催化剂含钛７．０％￣８．０％，三价钛占总钛含量５５％￣６９％，比表面积为７８ｍ＾２／ｇ，催化活性为４．４５ｋｇ ＰＥ／（ｇ Ｔｉ·ｈ），聚合反应衰减慢，     

PROTECTION AGAINST DIHEMATOPORPHYRIN ETHER PHOTOSENSITIVITY

Abstract Amelioration of dihematoporphyrin ether (DHE) induced skin photosensitivity by medications either suspected or known to influence porphyrin metabolism or inflammatory response was evaluated in 357 female athymic NCR-nude mice (308 study animals, 49 controls) in 56 separate study groups. Seventy-two hours after injection with 25 mg/kg of DHE, the study animals'abdomens were irradiated with 4.125-4.25 J/cm² of visible light. Controls were irradiated after receiving either medication, solubilizing agent, or no injection. The abdominal surface burns were examined daily and graded as extensive, partial, or no burn. Statistical comparison was made between irradiated mice injected with DHE only and irradiated mice injected with DHE and medication. Injection of medications which influenced metabolism (hydroxychloroquine, hydrochlorothiazide) produced fewer extensive ( P < 0.01) but greater frequencies of partial burns than DHE controls. Medications which block histamine effect (cimetidine and/or hydroxyzine) resulted in fewer extensive ( P < 0.03) and roughly equal frequencies of partial burns compared with DHE controls. Steroids (dexamethasone, methylpred-nisolone, triamcinolone) which interfere with inflammatory response resulted in similar extensive and partial burn levels. Control animals receiving only medication, solubilizing agent, or no injection had no photosensitivity and consequently showed no burns. The results from this study suggest that inhibition of histamine effect and, to a lesser extent, increased activity of porphyrin catabolic pathways may decrease skin photosensitivity associated with DHE administration.     

肺泡灌洗在高血压脑出血并病发肺感染中的应用

观察肺泡灌洗在高血压脑出血并病发肺感染中的应用。方法选择GCS评分4—8分的高血压脑出血并病发肺感染患者58例,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各29例,两组患者均给予基础治疗,实验组在基础治疗的基础上施行肺泡灌洗,对照组未施行肺泡罐洗,观察比较两组的治疗效果。结果实验组有25例肺部感染控制,控制时间9．1d,对照组19例肺部感染控制,控制时间15．2d,实验组肺部感染控制率明显高于对照组,且控制时间明显短于对照组,两组相比差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。肺泡灌洗能有效控制高血压脑出血并病发的肺部感染,提高存活率,减少治疗时间,提高患者生活质量,且无严重并发症。     

急性心肌梗死患者焦虑症用药及心理护理的临床价值

目的对急性心肌梗死患者焦虑症调查,探讨用药及心理护理的临床价值。方法研究对象选取孝感市中心医院2013年11月—2014年11月收治的84例急性心肌梗死患者,随机分为对照组与观察组(各42例)。对照组患者接受常规护理;观察组同时给予用药护理和心理护理。对全体患者用药相关焦虑情况进行调查,统计两组患者护理后用改良版药依从性行为量表(Morisky)评分和焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分。结果用药依从性高组患者SAS评分(53.74±6.15)分显著低于用药依从性低组(P0.05);护理后,较对照组,观察组患者用Morisky评分(13.52±2.23)分高,SAS评分(42.37±5.24)分低,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论急性心肌梗死患者用药依从性差与焦虑发生有显著相关,给予用药及心理护理能有效提高患者用药依从性,改善焦虑心理。     

Signal suppression/enhancement in HPLC-ESI-MS/MS from concomitant medications

This paper presents a study of the signal suppression and enhancement effects in assays based on HPLC-ESI-MS/MS detection. The major focus was to investigate the effect of signal suppression/enhancement of typical co-administered (concomitant) medications, i.e. naproxen and ibuprofen. The results demonstrate that the analyte and internal standard can experience signal enhancement up to a factor of ca 2.9 if the test analyte or internal standard co-elute with concomitant. Experimental results also demonstrate that the analyte and internal standard signal increased by a factor of ca 2.0 in the negative ion mode at physiological relevant levels of naproxen (100 microg/mL) and by a factor of ca 1.6 in the negative ion mode at physiological relevant level of ibuprofen (10 microg/mL) in both neat and plasma samples. Signal enhancement significantly increased when concomitant medications ionized in the same ion mode as the analyte and internal standard. To overcome signal enhancement or potential suppression from concomitant medications, a comprehensive HPLC method needs to be developed with sufficient separation of concomitant medication from the analyte and internal standard. Other means to reduce signal enhancement or potential suppression include switching ionization polarity and performing comprehensive sample clean-up to remove concomitant medications before analysis.     

Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence as a tool in biomedical analysis

Summary The energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDXRF) developped together with the Siemens Company (FRG) allows to perform rapid multi-elemental analysis of biological fluids without pretreatment of the samples. The performance of this technique and its features are reported in two different fields: blood analysis and pulmonary investigations. Blood and plasma analysis were performed for more than 2500 patients and a statistical treatment of the data lead to the normal concentrations of trace elements Se, Rb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Ca, Br, K. Toxic elements such as Hg or Pb and also drugs like Au and Pt compounds can be detected even after a long period after treatment. To illustrate the performance of the spectrometer we report the influence of Cis-Pt treatment on the trace element concentrations in plasma of patients with anemia.The EDXRF spectrometry was also used to investigate the inorganic composition of the broncho-alveolar lavage fluids. After determination of the normal concentration range, it was possible to characterize some typical pulmonary diseases due to occupational exposure. Some examples of detected pneumoconiosis and for some patients the presence in the alveoli of elements due to special medication (Amiodarone, Aurothiopropanol-sulfonate) are mentioned.Other fields are being investigated such as: follow-up of Mn dependent enzymes in neuronal and glial cells in culture; origin of lead in dental tissues or composition of lyophilized food powders. They will be briefly discussed.

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Energie-dispersive Röntgenfluorescenz in der biomedizinischen Analyse

     

基于气相离子迁移谱研究肺隐球病患者呼出气中特征挥发性有机物

该文采用气相色谱离子迁移谱(GC-IMS)对81例受试者呼出气样品进行了检测,包括临床确诊的20例肺隐球菌病患者,以及28例临床确诊的肺曲霉病患者和33例健康个体的对照样品,单个样品分析仅需10 min。结果显示,所有呼气样品中共检出19种挥发性有机物(VOCs)。通过主成分(PCA)分析发现,肺隐球病患者呼气中VOCs与健康对照组差异显著,但与肺曲霉病患者呼气中VOCs差异不显著。正交偏最小二乘判别模型(OPLS-DA)分析显示,与健康人群相比,肺隐球菌病患者呼气中特征VOCs为2-甲基-1-丙醛、异丙苯、2-戊酮、4-甲基-2-戊酮、丁醛和己醛;肺曲霉病患者的呼气特征VOCs为2-丁酮、2-戊酮、异丙苯、2-甲基-1-丙醛、4-甲基-2-戊酮和3-戊酮。此外,2种肺部感染患者呼气中特征性VOCs均包括2-甲基-1-丙醛、异丙苯、4-甲基-2-戊酮和2-戊酮,这表明丁醛和己醛在肺隐球菌病患者呼气中特异性略强,而2-丁酮和3-戊酮在肺曲霉病患者呼气中特异性更好。综上,采用GC-IMS可快速检出肺隐球病患者呼气中的VOCs,可用于后续数百例甚至数千例大样本分析,为更客观地评价呼气用于肺部真菌感染诊断的可行性提供必要的基础数据。     

心脏彩超对AECOPD并发肺栓塞的评估价值

本文探讨心脏彩超评估慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)合并急性肺栓塞的价值。选取AECOPD合并急性肺栓塞患者65例作为观察组,同时选取单纯AECOPD患者130例作为对照组。结果显示,观察组肺动脉内径(PA)、右室内径(RV)、右房内径(RA)和舒张晚期峰值速度(Am)明显高于对照组(P<0.05),而肺动脉瓣口流速(PV)、舒张早期峰值速度(Em)明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组预后不良患者PA、RV、RA明显高于预后良好患者(P<0.05),而PV明显低于预后良好患者(P<0.05);PA、RV、RA和PV预测预后不良的ROC曲线下面积较优。心血管参数与AECOPD并发肺栓塞患者病情程度、预后有关,在预测预后方面有一定价值。     

Effects of Ultraviolet-B Exposure on the Resistance to Listeria monocytogenes in the Rat

A rat infection model using the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes was employed to analyze the im-munosuppressive activity of UVB radiation. Rats were exposed to suberythemal doses of UVB radiation for 5 or 7 consecutive days, using Kromayer or FS40 lamps respectively. Subsequently, the rats were infected subcuta-neously or intravenously with Listeria . Exposure to UVB resulted in an increased number of bacteria in the spleen 4 days after infection. Listeria -specific lymphocyte proliferation assays as well as delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions demonstrated that T cell-mediated immunity to Listeria was impaired by UVB as measured 4 and 8 days after infection. In addition, UVB exposure decreased phagocytotic activity of peripheral blood macrophages. This study demonstrated that suberythemal doses of UVB radiation caused a delay in the clearance of Listeria bacteria from the spleen of the rats and that this was probably caused by impaired nonspecific phagocytosis of Listeria by macrophages in addition to an impaired activity of Listeria -specific T cells.     

UV exposure alters respiratory allergic responses in mice

We have tested the hypothesis that exposure to ultraviolet light would inhibit T helper-1 (Th1) responses and stimulate T helper-2 (Th2) responses, and that thus in a mouse model of allergic (i.e. extrinsic) asthma (using ovalbumin [OVA] as the allergen) increased symptoms would be observed, while in a model of Th1-dependent occupational asthma (in which picryl chloride is the allergen) decreased symptoms would be observed. Whereas reduced interferon (IFN)-gamma production, decreased inflammatory responses in the airways, and reduced airway reactivity to nonspecific stimuli were observed in UV-preexposed picryl chloride sensitized and challenged mice, the results in the OVA model were less clear. Increased interleukin (IL)-10 production as a result of UV exposure was observed, together with unchanged IL-4 and IFN-gamma. In addition, decreased OVA-specific immunoglobin, IgG1 and IgE, titers were noted, as well as decreased nonspecific airway hyperreactivity. Eosinophilic inflammatory responses were not influenced. The results indicate that UV exposure can have systemic effects that influence ongoing immune responses in the respiratory tract. The effects are not only restricted to immune responses that are predominantly Th1 dependent (i.e. pulmonary delayed-type hypersensitivity and IFN-gamma production in response to picryl chloride) but also to immune response that are predominantly Th2 dependent, i.e. decreased specific IgE titers.     

精制蝮蛇抗栓酶对人体内锌铜铁的影响

对126例脑血栓形成患者用精制蝮蛇抗栓酶（Svate-3)治疗,探讨了用药前后头发微量元素锌、铜、铁的变化。结果表明,用药后人体内Zn含量高地用药前,且有显著性差异（P＜0.01)。Zn/Cu比值降低。