化学混沌的控制及涨落的影响

用连续反馈控制模拟了Ｗｉｌｌａｍｏｗｓｋｉ－Ｒｏｓｌｌｅｒ模型中化学混沌的控制，研究了现实体系中涨落对混沌控制的影响，发现化学混沌的临界控制权重比一般体系大很多，并用连续反馈法与ＤＧＹ方法同样不具有噪音稳定性。     

Elsevier-Spectrochimica Acta发布1995年原子光谱奖

Ｅｌｓｅｖｉｅｒ┐ＳｐｅｃｔｒｏｃｈｉｍｉｃａＡｃｔａ发布１９９５年原子光谱奖＊杨菊亭冶金部钢铁研究总院，１０００８１北京１９９５年第５０卷发表过很有影响的文章，被评为１９９５年Ｅｌｓｅｖｉｅｒ－光谱化学学报年度奖。Ｅｌｓｅｖｉｅｒ以光谱化学学报Ｐａ...     

金纳米粒子的二维组装与表面增强拉曼散射研究

金纳米粒子的二维组装与表面增强拉曼散射研究朱涛王健符小艺张续刘忠范（北京大学化学与分子工程学院智能材料研究中心北京１００８７１）Ｔｗｏ┐ＤｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌＧｏｌｄＮａｎｏｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅＡｓｅｍｂｌｉｅｓａｓＡｃｔｉｖｅＳｕｂｓｔｒａｔｅｓｆｏ...     

世界各国近两年发表科技及拉曼光谱论文数统计

世界各国近两年发表科技及拉曼光谱论文数统计这一统计是从《物理、化学与地球科学近期目次》（ＣｕｒｒｅｎｔＣｏｎｔｅｎｔｓ：Ｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ，Ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ＆ＥａｒｔｈＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ）的两套光盘中检索出来的，其中缺少生物科学部分实为遗憾。但本统计资料...     

腐植物质吸附在银粉上的拉曼光谱

腐植物质吸附在银粉上的拉曼光谱周群，郁鉴源（清华大学化学系北京１０００８４）杨育晖，张德和（中国科学院化学研究所北京１０００８０）ＲａｍａｎＳｐｅｃｔｒａｏｆＨｕｍｉｃＳｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅｓＡｄｓｏｒｂｅｄｏｎＳｉｌｖｅｒＰｏｗｄｅｒ￥ＺｈｏｕＱｕｎａ...     

腐植酸物质的表面增强拉曼散射

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在取样法、样品处理和数据评价训练班开幕式的贺辞及有关情况

在取样法、样品处理和数据评价训练班开幕式的贺辞及有关情况梁树权（中国科学院化学研究所，北京市中关村，１０００８０）１前言为多元素和放射性核素分析用的取样法、样品处理和数据评价训练班（Ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇｃｏｕｒｓｅｆｏｒｓａｍｐｌｉｎｇ，ｓａｍｐｌｅｐｒ...     

氮杂多环芳烃^13C—NMR化学位移的理论探讨

本文主要是对氮原子以ｓｐ＾２杂化，孤氮电子占据ｓｐ＾２杂化轨道，以这种形式成健的氮杂交变多环芳烃中的１１个化合物的＾１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ的化学位移进行了计算。该计算依据ＣＮＤＯ方法一个联系分析电荷密度，键级和键长等参数的半经验公式。同时利用环电流、空间效应以及针对氮原子物屏蔽效应和去屏蔽效应的影响，通过分子动力学的考虑，得到理论上计算的化学位移，该计算结果与实验值吻得很好，通过对＾１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ化学位移     

书讯

书讯世界图书出版公司北京公司获得国外出版社授权，新近独家重印出版了数十种物理学、数学、化学和计算机类的外文科技新书，欢迎广大科技工作者和大专院校师生选购．现将部分图书介绍如下：ＳｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃａｌＰｈｙｓｉｃｓⅠ：ＥｑｕｉｌｉｂｒｉｕｍＳｔａｔｉｓ...     

氮杂多环芳烃~（13）C－NMR化学位移的理论探讨

本文主要是对氮原子以ｓｐ~２杂化，孤氮电子占据ｓｐ~２杂化轨道，以这种形式成键的氮杂交变多环芳烃中的１１个化合物的~（１３）Ｃ－ＮＭＲ的化学位移进行了计算。该计算依据ＣＮＤＯ方法一个联系分子电荷密度，键级和键长等参数的半经验公式。同时利用环电流、空间效应以及针对氮原子的屏蔽效应和去屏蔽效应的影响，通过分子动力学的考虑，得到理论上计算的化学位移，该计算结果与实验值吻合得很好，通过时~（１３）Ｃ－ＮＭＲ化学位移的回归分析表明，回归系数达到０．９９，非常好地反映了氮杂多环芳烃~（１３）Ｃ－ＮＭＲ化学位移与分子微观结构之间的关系，同时表明我们在处理诸多化学位移时考虑到的因素是合理可行的。     

胆红素络合物的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

本文通过对近红外激发傅里叶变换拉曼光谱(NIR-FT-Raman)与表面增强拉曼散射(Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering,SERS)技术的联用,测得胆红素及其络合物Na     

徐州地区胆结石的溶剂萃取的FTIR研究

胆石病是徐州地区的多发病之一,针对徐州地区临床术中取出的五类胆结石利用系列溶剂萃取,用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分别表征萃取前后的成分、结构及形态变化。结果表明:所取的五类徐州地区胆结石分别为胆固醇型、难溶物分别为胆红素盐、蛋白质的胆固醇为主的混合型、棕色色素型和黑色色素型胆结石。蛋白质为胆结石的形成提供沉淀基质,对于胆结石成核具有重要意义;胆结石难溶物中胆固醇和羟基碳酸磷灰石相伴而生,羟基磷灰石与胆固醇存在相互作用,促使其结晶析出,从而加速胆结石的形成。结果可以为胆结石的临床诊断、治疗及预防提供一定的参考。     

Investigation of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectra of Human Gallstones on Colloidal Silver

The surface-enhanced Raman scatterihg (SERS) spectra of human gallstones is investigated. Complicated Raman bands were due to multiple components that include bilirubin, bilirubinate salts, cholesterol, fatty salts and proteins. The results suggest that besides bilirubin and cholesterol, fatty salts and proteins may play an important role in the formation of gallstone. The experimental data supply an useful information for the research of the formation mechanism of gallstones.     

Investigation of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectra of Human Gallstones on Colloidal Silver

1　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　Ｇａｌｌｓｔｏｎｅｉｓａｃｏｍｍｏｎａｎｄｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｔｌｙ ｏｃｃｕｒｒｉｎｇｄｉｓｅａｓｅ .Ａｔｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ ,ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｎｏｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｄｒｕｇｓｔｏｔｒｅａｔｔｈｅｄｉｓｅａｓｅ .Ｔｈｅｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｏｆｇａｌｌｓｔｏｎｅｓｕｓｕａｌｌｙｃｏｍｐｒｉｓｅｓｔｈｅｒｅｍｏｖａｌｏｆｂｏｔｈｇａｌｌｓｔｏｎｅｓａｎｄｇａｌｌｂｌａｄｄｅｒｂｙｓｕｒｇｅｒｙ .Ｇａｌｌｓｔｏｎｅｓｃａｎｂｅｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｈｒｅｅｔｙｐｅｓｄｅｐｅｎ…     

Reversible solvent swelling in pigment gallstones

The reversibility of solvent swelling and the existence of an equilibrium swelling ratio, q_eq, has been established for pigment gallstone particles. A simple technique was devised to demonstrate that solvent imbibition in pigment gallstone particles is reversible. This finding confirms unequivocally that the molecular makeup of pigment gallstones involves polymer networks. In addition, this new method permits serial direct observation of the interactions between pigment gallstone particles and the solvent. Application of the technique to other network polymers should be readily possible.     

人体胆结石红外光谱的比较分析

用红外光谱法测量了系列胆结石成分的红外光谱。比较标准化合物的红外光谱,分析人体胆结石的成分。按胆结石的红外光谱特征进行分类,获得胆固醇、胆红素钙、硬酯酸钙、碳酸钙、羟基碳酸磷灰石和混合物等六种类型的光谱图。提出相应地将胆结石分为六种类型：如果根据是否含钙,则分为胆固醇和钙盐型两种类型。     

Identification of cholesterol gallstones using in vitro low-fluence laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopic analysis

Identifying the chemical composition of gallstones may be important in certain cases of calculus biliary disease when planning a dissolution therapy or a fragmentation of the calculi using pulsed lasers. The present study was conducted in vitro to evaluate the feasibility of distinguishing cholesterol gallstones from pigment stones. We propose an identification method in which the stone fluorescence spectrum, induced by a low fluence laser, is recorded using an optical multichannel analyser. Fluorescence spectra of twenty-two stones were recorded together with the fluorescence spectra of various pure compounds likely to compose the gallstones, using successively four different pump lasers (_p=308 nm, 337 nm, 423 nm, 469 nm). The fluorescence spectra of cholesterol gallstones are quite different from the pigment ones. Ratios of fluorescence intensities taken at three different wavelengths enable one to distinguish easily between cholesterol and pigment stones.     

人体胆结石难溶物的扫描电镜观察和红外光谱研究

用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和扫描电镜研究了胆色素型和混合型胆结石经氯仿、乙醇、乙醚、盐酸等溶剂溶解剩余的主要组分和微观结构。结果表明，胆红素盐、蛋白质、脂肪酸盐、碳酸钙等为难溶物；棕色色素胆石中的蛋白质的二级结构似a-螺旋为主。扫描电镜观察显示，在色素型和混合型胆石难溶物中都出现了可能为蛋白质的薄膜带状物，讨论了难溶物与结石形成的关系。     

Assessment of LIBS for Spectrochemical Analysis: A Review

Abstract

This review assesses the applications of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for the analysis of a variety of samples, including biomaterials (teeth, nail, hair, gallstones, and kidney stones, etc.), food materials (fruits and vegetables, milk, salt, nutritional supplements, etc.), medicinal plants, industrial waste, liquid samples, etc. In addition, for the first time the identification of cholesterol and pigment stones was performed on the basis of atomic lines of different elements and molecular bands of C₂ molecules present in the LIBS spectra of gallstones. Chemometric techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) was also applied to LIBS data for rapid identification/classification of different gallstone samples. LIBS analysis of toxic/heavy elements present in vegetables (spinach, tomato) and rice is also presented in this review. It was observed that vegetables grown near industrial areas are rich in several toxic metals like Pb and Cr. The wastewater samples from different industries were also analyzed by recording their spectra using a liquid jet. These results clearly demonstrate the ability of LIBS technique as an instant monitoring device to detect heavy metals present in liquid samples. Finally, this review shows that LIBS is a versatile analytical technique with unlimited applications.     

胆红素铬合物的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

本文通过对近红外激发傅里叶变换拉曼光谱（ＮＩＲ－ＦＴ－Ｒａｍａｎ）与表面增强拉曼散射（Ｓｕｒｆａｃｅ Ｅｎｈａｎｃｅｄ Ｒａｍａｎ Ｓｃａｔｔｅｒｉｎｇ,ＳＥＲＳ）技术的联用,没得胆红素及其络合物Ｎａ２ＢＲ,ＣａＢＲ与ＣｕＢＲ在银溶胶中的ＳＥＲＳ光谱。结果表明,这一类与胆结石密切相关的生物分子络合物具有不同的配位方式,且在银胶表面采取不同的吸附取向,并从配位化学角度初步解释了黑色结石的黑色成因。