HoYb:YVO4的上转换发光研究

研究了960nm激光激发下HoYb双掺钒酸钇晶体HoYb:YVO4的直接上转换增敏发光,发现了Ho3+离子的上转换发光现象,HoYb:YVO4晶体的上转换发光是5F5→5I8最强,而5S2→5I8相对小了一个数量级,这是由于YVO4晶体既有很强的振子强度又有很大的多声子无辐射弛豫造成的. 关键词： 上转换发光 直接增敏(敏化) 钒酸钇YVO4晶体 Ho3+离子     

铌酸钇里Bi~(3+)敏化Tm~(3+)的近红外量子剪裁发光的浓度效应

寻找新能源为全球目前面临着的重要课题,其中最理想的新能源为太阳能。近红外量子剪裁发光方法可以把硅或锗太阳能电池响应不够灵敏的大能量光子成倍的转换成为太阳能电池响应灵敏的小能量光子,能够解决光谱失配的问题,较大幅度的提高太阳能电池的效率。很有意义。报道了掺Tm~(3+)Bi~(3+)的铌酸钇磷光粉样品材料的近红外量子剪裁发光的浓度效应。通过测量激发谱与发光谱,发现Tm_(0.058)Bi_(0.010)Y_(0.932)NbO_4有很强的1 820.0 nm近红外量子剪裁发光;进一步的分析发现,它们是由交叉能量传递过程导致的多光子量子剪裁发光;还发现了有着很强的Bi~(3+)对Tm~(3+)的敏化近红外量子剪裁发光,302.0 nm光激发导致的Tm_(0.058)Bi_(0.010)Y_(0.932)NbO_4相对Tm_(0.058)Y_(0.995)NbO_4的1820.0 nm近红外量子剪裁发光的增强达到175.5倍。该结果对探索多光子近红外量子剪裁锗太阳能电池比较有意义。     

三光子量子剪裁系统后置提高太阳能电池效率

稀土离子材料量子剪裁的研究能有效的提高基质发光材料的发光效率,近年来量子剪裁也不断的在太阳能电池领域取得比较重要的位置。利用稀土离子掺杂材料能有效的获得三光子量子剪裁能拓展太阳光谱的响应范围,同时在太阳能电池中产生多个电子空穴对,电子空穴对多元化有效的减少能量损失以及太阳光谱利用范围的拓宽有效提高了太阳能电池的效率。根据量子剪裁的理论设置相应的具有下转换系统太阳能电池的物理模型及等效电路图,根据太阳能电池效率计算的细致平衡原理求得其最大的极限效率。把稀土离子三光子量子剪裁应用于实际太阳能电池的应用价值进行粗略的估算,三光子量子剪裁系统后置太阳能电池时可以得到最大效率为58.58%,与Trupke双光子下转换模型相比效率有很大的提高。三光子系统后置太阳能电池理论模型的设置比较好的证明了稀土材料三光子量子剪裁对于推进太阳能电池课题的发展具有重要意义。     

Yb3+离子掺杂浓度对Yb∶YAG晶体发光及荧光寿命的影响

研究了不同掺杂浓度Yb∶YAG晶体的发光特性和荧光寿命.Yb3+在YAG晶体中的掺杂浓度分别为5at%、10at%、20at%、30at%.Yb3+离子掺杂浓度越高，Yb∶YAG晶体的吸收系数越大.采用940 nm波长的LD泵浦源和TRIA X550荧光谱仪，对这一系列掺有不同浓度Yb3+的Yb∶YAG晶体进行了荧光光谱的测定.结果表明:在1030 nm主发光波段的荧光强度以10at%Yb∶YAG的为最强.同时发现它在450 nm-680 nm波段有明显的可见发光，其强度随Yb3+掺杂浓度的增加而迅速地增强.Yb∶YAG晶体的荧光寿命存在浓度猝灭现象，对猝灭机制进行了分析研究，指出浓度猝灭的主要原因是合作发光和痕量稀土离子的上转换发光.     

Er~(3+),Yb~(3+)共掺杂的NaYF_4荧光粉的制备及下转换发光研究

采用高温固相法合成了Er3+、Yb3+共掺杂的NaYF4荧光粉。XRD测量数据表明合成的样品为纯相。测量了样品的激发谱和发射谱,证明377 nm的紫外光通过量子剪裁的形式将能量传递给一个Yb3+,发射一个975 nm的红外光子,再从4F9/2能级跃迁到基态发射一个红外光子。测量了377 nm激发下,监测541 nm的发光寿命曲线,计算得到最大的量子效率为126.35%。通过监测Yb3+的975 nm的近红外发射,证明了Er3+的4F7/2和2H11/2能级通过下转换的形式将吸收的485 nm和519 nm的能量传递给Yb3+。这种将Er3+在可见光波段的多种光子能量传递给Yb3+发射975 nm的近红外光子的思想在以前的研究中从未被提出。     

Tb3+、Yb3+共掺BaGd2ZnO5荧光粉的制备及其近红外量子剪裁研究

采用高温固相法合成了Tb3+、Yb3+共掺杂的BaGd2ZnO5荧光粉。XRD测量数据表明合成的样品为纯相。在Tb3+特征激发(297 nm)下得到了Yb3+的特征发射(977 nm),并且对Tb3+与Yb3+能级图进行分析,证明Tb3+到Yb3+为合作能量传递。测量了不同Yb3+浓度下Tb3+的5D4能级(544 nm)的发光寿命曲线,计算得到Tb3+与Yb3+的能量传递效率和量子效率,最高量子效率为125.5%。Yb3+的发射与硅太阳能电池的吸收匹配,该材料有可能应用于硅太阳能电池以提高其转换效率。     

掺杂稀土钒酸钇RE:YVO4晶体荧光光谱性质的研究

采用Czochralski方法生长了透明均匀的含Tm3 ,Er3 ,Yb3 稀土离子的YVO4晶体 ,室温下测量了各晶体试样在 32 6和 6 5 8nm泵浦光激发下的荧光光谱 ,分析了不同掺杂浓度和稀土离子的各晶体试样中的荧光光谱性质 ,并讨论了不同掺杂情况下对上转换发光的影响和激活离子之间的相互敏化作用     

Na2SrSiO4∶Ce3+,Tb3+,Yb3+的制备及近红外量子剪裁发光性质

采用高温固相法制备了新型Na2SrSiO4∶Ce3+,Tb3+,Yb3+的近红外发光材料.对样品可见和近红外激发光谱、发射光谱及荧光寿命的研究表明,Na2SrSiO4∶Ce3+,Tb3+,Yb3+中存在高效的Tb3+→Yb3+的量子剪裁下转换效应,下转换量子效率约为182.4％.Ce3+的共掺大大提高了样品的紫外光吸收,显著敏化了样品的近红外发光效率.研究了Ce3+,Tb3+和Yb3+掺入量对其发光性质的影响.结果表明,当Ce3+的浓度为2％,Tb3+的浓度为13％和Yb3+的浓度为16％时,样品的近红外发光最强.     

掺Tm钒酸钇的光学性能

钒酸钇(YVO4)晶体有高的激光损伤阈值和高的激光输出斜率效率,也有很好的机械性能和化学稳定性.从测量TmYVO4晶体的吸收谱入手,考虑该晶体的各向异性效应,拟合出Tm3+的光学强度参量,进一步得到了振子强度f,辐射跃迁速率A和积分发射截面Σ等光学参量.在350-2500nm范围内,YVO4晶体基质的吸收很小,而Tm3+在YVO4晶体中发光能力很强;特有的是蓝光1D2→3F4(约为454nm)跃迁有极大的振子强度(38×10-6)和积分发射截面(33×10-18cm),有利于实现短波长的激光输出.     

Tm3+/Yb3+共掺碲酸盐玻璃的近红外发光及能量传递机理

采用高温熔融法制备了组分为TeO2-ZnO-Na2O的Tm3+离子单掺和Tm3+/Yb3+共掺碲酸盐玻璃,应用Judd-Ofelt理论计算分析了玻璃样品的强度参量Ωt(t=2,4,6),自发辐射跃迁几率A,荧光分支比β和荧光辐射寿命τrad等光谱参量,测量得到了不同Yb3+离子掺杂浓度下玻璃样品的Tm3+离子上转换发光谱.结果显示,在980nm泵浦光激励下玻璃样品发射出强烈的近红外上转换荧光.对Tm3+离子上转换发光分析表明,强烈的Tm3+离子近红外上转换发光主要来自于Yb3+/Yb3+离子间的共振能量传递以及基于单声子和双声子辅助的Yb3+/Tm3+离子间的非共振能量传递过程,并进一步计算得到了声子贡献比和能量传递系数.最后,计算分析了Tm3+∶3 F4→3 H6能级间跃迁的1.8μm波段吸收截面、受激发射截面和增益系数.研究表明,Yb3+/Tm3+共掺TeO2-ZnO-Na2O玻璃可以作为近红外波段固体激光器的潜在增益基质.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.