基于蓝墨云班课的“物理化学实验”微课设计与应用*

为解决物理化学实验教学中存在的问题,以蓝墨云班课为教学平台,利用微课资源,采用翻转课堂和传统教学有机结合的教学方式,进行教学改革,详细介绍了物理化学实验微课的设计、应用及效果分析。教学实践表明,教改后的教学模式有效激发了学生的学习积极性,提升了教学效率和效果。     

高三复习课“氧化还原反应”的教学实录与反思

基于实证,设计了“氧化还原反应”高三复习课,以“污水处理”为主题,通过创设真实情境,激发生成问题,开展有效活动,引导学生在知识应用中加深对知识的理解,促进知识重构和认识转变,力求实现从虚拟走向真实,从学科走向学生,从经验走向科学,从教学走向教育。     

基于微课的“化工专业英语”多元化有效教学研究与实践*

遵循首要教学原理设计和实施化工专业英语课程多元化教学,采用逆向教学设计本课程教学过程,设计制作本课程微课进行翻转课堂教学,借助于超星“学习通”平台教学功能加强教学互动和教学评价,基本达成了学生学习效果好、效率高和参与度高的“3E”有效教学。     

“铜元素化合物”的高三线上主题式复习*

以高三复习课“铜元素化合物”的教学为例,基于主题教学思想,从“价类二维图”出发,引导学生从物质类别、氧化还原和化学平衡等多角度认识元素化合物间的相互转化,实现了主题内容的关联与进阶,促进了学生思维能力的提升和学科观念的建构。本节课是网络直播课,采用“腾讯课堂”平台,学生可以连麦回答问题,学生设计的实验方案发布在班级微信上,由教师共享屏幕,则所有学生可见。     

上好“农村实用化学”课把教学、科研和服务结合起来

上好“农村实用化学”课把教学、科研和服务结合起来孙绍仁（丹东师范专科学校化工系１１８００３）为了适应农村经济发展和教育改革的需要，国家教委要求三年制的高等师范专科院校实行“主辅修”制，即用二年时间按二年制教学大纲学完主修课，剩下一年学习辅修课。化学专...     

微课在中学化学教学中的应用——基于硕士学位论文的文献分析

分析和总结了国内中学化学微课教学研究的29篇硕士学位论文，从3个方面概括了微课的开发设计：理论依据、设计模型和设计内容，介绍了微课的教学应用现状。并对微课在化学教学中的应用提出了建议：注重微课精细化、个性化教学；“微课程”的设计与应用；开发微课对教师专业成长的价值；完善微课教学平台。     

基于OBE理念的无机及分析化学“金课”建设探索与实践*

本着OBE理念,教研组确定了“以学生为中心,注重能力和素质培养,教学相融”的教学理念。根据课程内容和特点,以“金课”为标准,依托“超星学习通”线上平台,从线上线下教学分配、多样化互动课堂设计和实施、考核评价和持续改进等方面进行探索和实践。旨在培养学生自主学习能力,提高学生分析、解决生产实践问题的能力,以及树立学生团队协作意识,使知识性人才培养向知识、能力、素质三位一体型人才培养转变。     

从同课异构看化学教学设计的效果和发展

在同课异构的教学实践中,分别通过新授课、概念课和复习课的教学设计和实施,阐述如何遵循认识发展来突破学生的认知障碍,通过教学设计、教学实施、教学评价和教学反思诠释“为什么教”“教什么”“怎么教”“教得怎么样”和“教学发展”的问题,凸显教学的本质。     

关注“起始课”和“结束课”——以“解决环境问题需要化学科学”为例

"起始课"和"结束课"一直没有受到应有的重视,尤其以"结束课"更为突出。通过对"起始课"和"结束课"内容特征的分析,重新审视"起始课"和"结束课"的教学目标和要求,为有效实施"起始课"和"结束课"的教学提供依据和参考。     

化工课程教学中微课的构建

简单分析了国内外微课发展概况,并从构建不同类型的微课和构建微课的实践与评价体系两方面入手,详细阐述了音频型微课、动画型微课及操作型微课的特点、在化工课程教学中的实施、评价方式及如何制作精彩的微课视频,为微课在高职化工课程教学作了大胆的探索。     

Products of class sums of the symmetric group: Rules of partial elimination

Progress in the formulation of a procedure for the combinatorial evaluation of the product of a single-cycle and an arbitrary class sum in the symmetric group algebra is presented. The procedure consists of a “global conjecture” concerning the representation of the product [(p)]_n·[*]_n in terms of a set of operators referred to as reduced class sums, and of an (incomplete) set of rules for the evaluation of the (n-independent!) coefficients of these operators. Two new types of index elimination rules are suggested, and some properties of the formalism are explored. These include useful sum rules as well as a certain “detailed balance” property that sheds some light on a combinatorial aspect of the global conjecture. The present results account for several new types of reduced class coefficients and suggest some feasible further developments. Some outstanding open problems are pointed out. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 63: 961–979, 1997     

高中化学线上教学课堂提问与课程标准的一致性分析*——以上海市“空中课堂”为例

以上海市“空中课程”中高中化学X教师的线上课堂教学为例,采用SEC一致性分析模式,从核心素养的“证据推理与模型认知”这一视角,对其课堂提问与课程标准的一致性进行了分析。研究表明:(1)从总体上看,X教师的课堂提问与课程标准中的素养之间具有较好的一致性;(2)X教师的课堂提问在证据推理素养层面上与课程标准一致性程度欠佳,而在模型认知层面上与课程标准具有较好的一致性;X教师的课堂中根据具象证据或模型进行推理论证的问题多于课程标准中的素养要求,根据抽象证据进行推理论证的问题较少;(3)从素养水平维度分析,X教师课堂中低素养水平的问题占较大比例,高素养水平的问题少于课程标准要求;(4)上述偏差的产生主要受线上教学的影响,另外还受到考试要求、教师个人对课程标准的理解等因素的影响。     

高职学生化学基础知识缺失成因及修补对策

介绍了高职学生化学基础知识缺失的成因、范围和对学习基础化学的影响;提出了利用微课、翻转课堂、学法指导等来修补化学基础知识缺失的方案。     

结合PBL课例的无机化学线下对分课堂教学设计与实践*

以原电池一节教学设计为例,探索了将PBL课例融入对分课堂教学模式。教学实践表明,新教学模式激发了学生的学习兴趣,提高了学生学习的积极性和主动性,提升了课程教学效果,达到了课程教学目标。对PBL课例与对分课堂有机融合的全新课堂教学模式的建设与发展进行了展望。     

Derivation of class II force fields. VIII. Derivation of a general quantum mechanical force field for organic compounds

A class II valence force field covering a broad range of organic molecules has been derived employing ab initio quantum mechanical "observables." The procedure includes selecting representative molecules and molecular structures, and systematically sampling their energy surfaces as described by energies and energy first and second derivatives with respect to molecular deformations. In this article the procedure for fitting the force field parameters to these energies and energy derivatives is briefly reviewed. The application of the methodology to the derivation of a class II quantum mechanical force field (QMFF) for 32 organic functional groups is then described. A training set of 400 molecules spanning the 32 functional groups was used to parameterize the force field. The molecular families comprising the functional groups and, within each family, the torsional angles used to sample different conformers, are described. The number of stationary points (equilibria and transition states) for these molecules is given for each functional group. This set contains 1324 stationary structures, with 718 minimum energy structures and 606 transition states. The quality of the fit to the quantum data is gauged based on the deviations between the ab initio and force field energies and energy derivatives. The accuracy with which the QMFF reproduces the ab initio molecular bond lengths, bond angles, torsional angles, vibrational frequencies, and conformational energies is then given for each functional group. Consistently good accuracy is found for these computed properties for the various types of molecules. This demonstrates that the methodology is broadly applicable for the derivation of force field parameters across widely differing types of molecular structures. Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1782-1800, 2001     

基于偏最小二乘回归的类模型方法用于中药牛黄的真伪鉴别

针对独立软模式类簇法(SIMCA)在确定主成分数和决策区间时遇到的困难,提出了一种基于PLSR的类模型方法——PLS类模型方法(PLSCM)。通过把类描述问题转化为常见的PLSR问题,采用成熟的蒙特卡罗交互验证法确定模型的隐变量数和决策区间。采用本方法对不同牛黄样品的近红外光谱数据(波长范围4000～9000 cm-1)进行分析,可成功鉴别牛黄的真伪。本方法的可操作性和鉴别准确率均优于经典的SIMCA方法。对于原始光谱数据,PLSCM的训练和预测准确率均为100%,对于经SNV处理的数据,训练和预测准确率分别为99%和100%。     

Synthesis of derivatives and production of antiserum for class specific detection of pyrethroids by indirect ELISA

Two series of haptens including 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (PBA) and 3-(2-chloro-3, 3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclo-propanecarboxylic acid (CF₃MPA) were used to prepare immunogens through attachment of 4-C or 6-C handles. Class selective antibodies were produced by immunising rabbits. Ab502 showed the highest reactivity towards tau-fluvalinate (IC₅₀ 1.3 ng mL^?1), λ-cyhalothrin (IC₅₀ 2.3 ng mL^?1), cyfluthrin (IC₅₀ 2.2 ng mL^?1) and fenpropathrin (IC₅₀ 18.5 ng mL^?1) among the antibodies in a competitive ELISA. The effects of methanol, pH and salt concentration were optimised for maximum efficiency of the ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay). Ab502 (1:80000)/2-OVA-1(0.2 µg mL^?1) was chosen for ELISA optimisation. Finally, 0.05 M phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at pH 6.5 containing 30% methanol (v/v) was used to dilute the standards. Target analytes in honey samples were extracted with ethyl acetate by sonication. The samples were spiked with three different concentrations of each compound (tau-fluvalinate, 0.5 ng g^?1, 3 ng g^?1, 12 ng g^?1; λ-cyhalothrin and cyfluthrin 1 ng g^?1, 5 ng g^?1, 65 ng g^?1). The recoveries were 36–59% at the lowest spiking concentration and 61–81% at the higher concentration. This assay might be useful to screen pyrethroid residues in honey or other matrix.     

Mathematical modeling of a slurry reactor for DME direct synthesis from syngas

In this paper,an axial dispersion mathematical model is developed to simulate a three-phase slurry bubble column reactor for direct synthesis of dimethyl ether(DME) from syngas.This large-scale reactor is modeled using mass and energy balances,catalyst sedimentation andsingle-bubble as well as two-bubbles class flow hydrodynamics.A comparison between the two hydrodynamic models through pilot plantexperimental data from the literature shows that heterogeneous two-bubbles flow model is in better agreement with the experimental data thanhomogeneous single-bubble gas flow model.Also,by investigating the heterogeneous gas flow and axial dispersion model for small bubblesas well as the large bubbles and slurry(i.e.including paraffins and the catalyst) phase,the temperature profile along the reactor is obtained.Acomparison between isothermal and non-isothermal reactors reveals no obvious performance difference between them.The optimum values ofreactor diameter and height were obtained at 7 m and 50 m,respectively.The effects of operating variables on the axial catalyst distribution,DME productivity and CO conversion are also investigated in this research.     

提高分析化学课堂吸引力的教学策略

课堂是老师和学生交流的主要场所,在高校分析化学的课堂教学中,教师可以从转换专注与发散2种学习模式、合理利用图形背景原则、课堂执行Chunk学习法、提倡课堂高效自主学习及开展课堂讨论、自主完形闭合等几个方面入手,让学生成为分析化学课堂的主人翁,真正吸引他们投身其中。