次价键力在化学键合法固定辣根过氧化酶过程中的作用机理

将甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)接枝聚合在微米级硅胶微粒表面,又通过环氧基团的开环反应将乙二胺(EDA)键合在接枝微粒表面,制备了双功能复合载体EDA-PGMA/SiO2,通过共价偶联法实施了辣根过氧化酶(HRP)的固定化.本文重点考察静电相互作用与疏水相互作用两种次价键力在共价键合法固定HRP过程中的作用,探讨作用机理.结果表明,在水介质中,复合载体EDA-PGMA/SiO2表面胺基的质子化作用,使载体微粒的ζ电位在较大的pH范围内保持正值;当介质的pH=8.5,大于HRP的等电点时,酶蛋白与载体之间所产生的强静电相互作用会显著促进HRP的固定化;EDA的键合率在30％附近的载体,静电相互作用对固酶的促进作用最强,固定化酶的偶联率与比活力具有最高值.疏水相互作用对化学法固定辣根过氧化酶也会产生明显的作用,当以接枝微粒PGMA/SiO2为载体时,增大NaCl浓度,可有效促进酶蛋白与载体之间的疏水相互作用,提高固定化酶的偶联率与比活力.     

生物碱分子表面印迹聚合物材料的设计与制备及其分子识别特性

采用巯基/偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)表面引发体系,实现了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)在微米级硅胶微粒表面的引发接枝聚合,制得接枝微粒PGMA/SiO2;然后使接枝大分子PGMA的环氧基团与间二氨基苯磺酸钠(SAS)分子中的对位氨基发生开环反应,将苯磺酸钠基团键合在接枝大分子侧链,制得苯磺酸盐功能化的接枝微粒SAS-PGMA/SiO2。 在对功能微粒SAS-PGMA/SiO2与苦参碱分子间的相互作用进行考察研究的基础上,以戊二醛为交联剂,实施了苦参碱分子的表面印迹,制备了苦参碱分子表面印迹材料MIP-SASP/SiO2。 实验结果表明,在近中性溶液中,功能接枝微粒SAS-PGMA/SiO2与苦参碱分子间存在静电相互作用,以此为基础所设计与制备的表面印迹材料MIP-SASP/SiO2对苦参碱分子具有特异的识别选择性与优良的结合亲和性。 相对于对照物金雀化碱而言,该印迹材料对苦参碱的识别选择性系数为10.7。     

采用巯基-BPO氧化还原引发体系实现GMA在硅胶微粒表面的高效接枝聚合

使用偶联剂γ-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPMS,KH-590),对微米级硅胶微粒进行了表面化学改性,制得了表面带有巯基的改性微粒MPMS-SiO2.使改性微粒MPMS-SiO2表面的巯基与溶液中的BPO构成氧化-还原引发体系,实现了油溶性单体甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)在硅胶微粒表面的引发接枝聚合,制得了接枝度为26g/100g的接枝微粒PGMA/SiO2.采用红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)及热重分析(TGA)等方法对接枝微粒PGMA/SiO2进行了表征。在此基础上,重点研究了主要因素对巯基-BPO体系引发GMA接枝聚合的影响.研究结果表明,巯基-BPO体系引发的接枝聚合,由于活性位点位于固体表面,因此也是一种表面引发接枝法。与在固体微粒表面引入可聚合双键的"穿过接枝"("grafting through")法相比,巯基-BPO引发体系可更有效地实现油溶性单体的接枝聚合.为制得高接枝度的接枝微粒PGMA/SiO2,适宜的温度为55℃,适宜的BPO用量为单体的1wt%左右,适宜的单体浓度为10 wt%。     

基于PGMA的亚氨乙酸型复合螯合吸附材料IDAA-PGMA-SiO_2的制备

凭借偶联剂γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷的媒介作用,在溶液聚合体系中,采用"接出"法将单体甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)接枝于微米级硅胶微粒表面,制得了接枝微粒PGMA-SiO2,使亚氨二乙酸(IDAA)与接枝PGMA的环氧基团发生开环反应,将IDAA基团引入接枝微粒表面,制得了复合螯合微粒IDAA-PGMA-SiO2。重点考察了接枝聚合的影响因素,并初步考察了螯合微粒IDAA-PGMA-SiO2对稀土离子的吸附行为。研究结果表明:已接枝到硅胶表面的聚合物层,会对后续的接枝聚合产生阻隔作用。温度及引发剂用量等因素显著影响接枝度,在适宜条件下可制得接枝度为17.48 g/100 g的接枝微粒PGMA-SiO2。在配位螯合作用下,接枝微粒对稀土Eu3+呈现强吸附能力。     

接枝微粒PGMA／SiO2固载的金属卟啉仿生催化剂的制备

采用"接枝"法将甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)接枝聚合到硅胶微粒表面,通过环氧键与羟基的开环成醚反应,进而将小分子的对羟基苯基卟啉化学键合在接枝微粒PGMA/SiO2表面,再与金属锰配位,从而制得了PGMA/SiO2固载的金属卟啉仿生催化剂(MnP-PGMA/SiO2);并用红外光谱法和原子吸收光谱法进行了表征;重点研究了对羟基苯基卟啉在接枝微粒PGMA/SiO2表面键合反应的规律;初步考察了MnP-PGMA/SiO2对分子氧氧化乙苯为苯乙酮的催化作用。实验结果表明:在键合反应中以4.5mL三乙胺为催化剂,在70℃下反应8h,可制得卟啉键合量为69.36μmol/g的键合微粒HPP-PGMA/SiO2;HPP-PGMA/SiO2与锰配位时,在64℃下反应8h,得到锰有效配位程度为92.34%的固体催化剂MnP-PGMA/SiO2。在催化分子氧氧化乙苯为苯乙酮的过程中,固体催化剂MnP-PGMA/SiO2具有高的催化活性。     

咖啡因替代物(茶碱)分子表面印迹材料的制备及其分子识别特性研究

采用巯基-过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)氧化还原引发体系,先实现了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)在微米级硅胶微粒表面的引发接枝聚合,制得接枝微粒PGMA/SiO2.使接枝大分子PGMA的环氧基团与5-氨基水杨酸(ASA)发生开环反应,将水杨酸基团键合在接枝大分子侧链,制得功能接枝微粒SA-PGMA/SiO2,并对其化学结构与表面电性能进行了表征.考察研究了功能微粒SA-PGMA/SiO2与咖啡因替代物茶碱分子之间的相互作用力.研究表明,微粒SA-PGMA/SiO2与茶碱分子之间存在有强的次价键力(静电和氢键相互作用).在此基础上,采用本课题组建立的新型分子表面印迹技术,以咖啡因替代物茶碱为模板分子,乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(EGDE)为交联剂,对接枝在硅胶表面的功能大分子链SA-PGMA进行了交联印迹,制备了茶碱分子表面印迹材料MIP-SAP/SiO2,深入考察研究了其分子识别特性.实验结果表明,相对于两种对照物甘油茶碱和苦参碱,印迹材料MIP-SAP/SiO2对茶碱分子具有特异的识别选择性与优良的结合亲和性,相对于甘油茶碱,印迹材料对茶碱的识别选择性系数为7.72.     

功能接枝微粒PDMAEMA/SiO_2的制备及其吸附特性初探

凭借偶联剂γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷的媒介作用,在溶液聚合体系中,采用"接出"("graft from")法将单体甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙基酯(DMAEMA)接枝于硅胶微粒表面,制得了接枝微粒PDMAEMA/SiO2,重点考察了主要因素对接枝聚合的影响,并测定了接枝微粒的Zeta电位,初步考察了其吸附特性。研究结果表明,已接枝到硅胶表面的聚合物层,会对后续的接枝聚合产生阻隔作用;温度及引发剂用量等因素显著影响接枝度,在适宜条件下可制得接枝度为22g/100g的接枝微粒;在较大的pH范围内,接枝微粒的Zeta电位为较大的正值,在静电相互作用下,接枝微粒对铬酸根离子会产生强吸附作用.     

接枝型偕胺肟树脂/SiO_2功能复合微粒的制备

用偶联剂γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)对微米级硅胶进行了表面化学改性,采用溶液聚合法,在改性硅胶微粒表面接枝丙烯腈(AN),制备了接枝微粒PAN/SiO2。用盐酸羟胺对接枝PAN进行偕胺肟(AO)化转变,制得了接枝有偕胺肟树脂(PAO)的复合型功能微粒PAO/SiO2。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、热失重(TGA)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等测试技术,对接枝微粒PAN/SiO2以及功能微粒PAO/SiO2进行了表征,考察了制备条件对AN的接枝聚合过程及对PAN的偕胺肟化转变过程的影响规律。结果表明,适宜的接枝聚合条件为:引发剂质量分数为1.5%,反应温度为75℃。接枝聚合5h可制得接枝度为0.14g/g的接枝微粒PAN/SiO2。受偕胺肟基团空间位阻的影响,PAN的偕胺肟化转变反应不能进行彻底,适宜的PAN/SiO2偕胺肟化转变反应条件为:介质pH值为6～7,温度70℃,反应时间4h。所制得的功能微粒PAO/SiO2腈基转化率约为78%。     

构建芳叔胺-BPO氧化还原引发体系实现苯乙烯在硅胶微粒表面的高效接枝聚合

首先使用偶联剂γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(AMPS)对微米级硅胶微粒进行了表面改性,制得表面带有伯胺基的改性微粒SiO2-AMPS,接着使4-(二乙氨基)水杨醛(DEAS)与微球SiO2-AMPS发生席夫碱反应,制得表面含有芳叔胺基的改性微粒SiO2-DEAS.使改性微粒SiO2-DEAS表面的芳叔胺基团与溶液中的BPO构成氧化-还原引发体系,实现了油溶性单体苯乙烯(St)在硅胶微粒表面的引发接枝聚合,制得了高接枝度(27 g/100g)的接枝微粒SiO2-DEAS-g-PSt.采用红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)及热重分析(TGA)等方法对接枝微粒SiO2-DEAS-g-PSt进行了表征.在此基础上,重点研究了主要因素对芳叔胺-BPO体系引发St接枝聚合的影响.研究结果表明,与在固体微粒表面引入可聚合双键的"穿过接枝"(grafting through)法相比,芳叔胺-BPO体系引发的接枝聚合,由于活性位点位于载体表面,故具有高的接枝度,是油溶性单体的一种高效率的表面引发接枝法.为制得高接枝度的接枝微粒SiO2-DEAS-g-PSt,适宜的温度为50℃,适宜的BPO用量为单体的3 wt%左右,适宜的单体浓度为10 wt%.     

表面引发接枝聚合法制备接枝微粒PHEMA/SiO2及其8-羟基喹啉功能化转变研究

通过用表面引发接枝聚合和高分子反应制备8-羟基喹啉型复合螯合微粒.首先使用γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(AMPS)对微米级硅胶微粒进行表面改性,制得改性微粒AMPS-SiO2;使改性微粒AMPS-SiO2表面的氨基与溶液中的过硫酸盐构成氧化-还原引发体系,实施了甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)在硅胶微粒表面的高效引发接枝聚合,制得了接枝微粒PHEMA/SiO2.又以5-氯甲基-8-羟基喹啉(CHQ)为试剂,使接枝的PHEMA发生大分子反应,实现了接枝微粒PHEMA/SiO2的8-羟基喹啉功能化转变,制得了复合微粒HQ-PHEMA/SiO2.采用多种手段对两种微粒进行了表征,重点研究了氨基-过硫酸盐表面引发接枝体系的接枝聚合机理,并研究了CHQ与接枝PHEMA的醇羟基之间取代反应的机理,还初步考察了功能微粒HQ-PHEMA/SiO2对重金属离子的螯合吸附性能.研究结果表明,氨基-过硫酸盐表面引发接枝聚合体系具有很高的引发活性,在室温(30℃)即可制得高接枝密度(40 g/100g)的接枝微粒PHEMA/SiO2;CHQ与接枝PHEMA的醇羟基之间的取代反应遵循SN1的反应历程,使用强极性溶剂有利于反应的进行.微粒HQ-PHEMA/SiO2对重金属离子呈现很强的螯合吸附能力,是一种功能复合微粒.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.