一种健壮的低耗散通量分裂格式

随着计算流体力学的快速发展,设计精确、高效并且健壮的数值格式变得尤为重要.通过对3种流行的通量分裂方法(AUSM、Zha-Bilgen和Toro-Vázquez)的对流通量和压力通量进行特征分析,构造了一种简单、低耗散并且健壮的通量分裂格式(命名为R-ZB格式).采用Zha-Bilgen分裂方法将Euler方程的通量分裂成对流通量和压力通量,其中对流通量采用迎风方法来计算,压力通量采用低耗散的HLL格式来计算,从而克服了原始的HLL格式不能精确分辨接触间断的缺点.数值实验表明,该文给出的R-ZB格式不仅保留了原始Zha-Bilgen格式简单高效、能够精确分辨接触间断等优点,而且具有更好的健壮性,在计算二维问题时不会出现数值激波不稳定现象.     

基于AUSM分裂的二维通量分裂格式

基于对流迎风分裂思想构造的AUSM类格式具有简单、高效、分辨率高等优点,在计算流体力学中得到了广泛的应用.传统的AUSM类格式在计算界面数值通量时只考虑网格界面法向的波系,忽略了网格界面横向波系的影响.使用Liou-Steffen通量分裂方法将二维Euler方程的通量分裂成对流通量和压力通量,采用AUSM格式来分别计算对流数值通量和压力数值通量.通过求解考虑了横向波系影响的角点数值通量来构造一种真正二维的AUSM通量分裂格式.在计算一维算例时,该格式保留了精确捕捉激波和接触间断的优点.在计算二维算例时,该格式不仅具有更高的分辨率而且表现出更好的鲁棒性,可以消除强激波波后的不稳定现象.此外,在多维问题的数值模拟中,该格式大大地提高了稳定性CFL数,具有更高的计算效率.因此,它是一种精确、高效并且强鲁棒性的数值方法.     

基于非结构自适应网格的二维Euler方程数值求解方法研究

提出了一种基于非结构自适应网格的二维Euler方程的数值解法.采用有限体积法进行空间离散,通量计算采用Jamson中心格式,使得它适用于任意多边形计算单元.为了得到定常解,采用一种显式的四步Runge-Kutta迭代方法对时间进行积分.根据流场参数的变化梯度确定加密边,由加密准则进行自适应网格剖分,然后得到分布合理的加密过后的网格.求解二维Euler方程,对NACA0012翼型进行了数值模拟,通过对自适应前后的数值解的对比,说明所建立的方法是正确的.     

一个求解Euler方程的特殊矩阵分裂格式

§1.引言 自[1]提出矢通量分裂格式以来,在求解气动方程方面得到广泛应用。矢通量分裂格式是一种求解守恒型双曲方程组的方法,它将方程中代表质量、动量和能量的矢通量按照矢通量Jacobian矩阵正负特征值分裂为两个亚矢通量项,目的在于改进显式格式和隐式格式的计算效率和提高求解时的稳定性。在求解方法上,对于二维问题,需要求解以4×4块矩阵为矩阵元的上三角矩阵和下三角矩阵,比中心差分格式需要求解两个块三     

求解二维Euler方程的旋转通量混合格式

为提高求解二维Euler方程数值结果的分辨率,提出了一种旋转通量混合格式.该算法采用旋转通量法的类一维处理思想,通量函数选用满足热力学第二定律的熵稳定数值通量和具有良好鲁棒性的HLL数值通量耦合的混合格式,时间方向采用三阶强稳定Runge-Kutta方法进行推进.该旋转通量混合格式具有结构简单、分辨率高的优点,数值结果表明了该算法的良好特性.     

末端质量作用下变长度轴向运动梁的振动特性

对带集中质量,变长度(或速度)轴向运动梁的振动特性采用两种精确方法求解.首先,对变长度轴向运动Euler(欧拉)梁横向自由振动方程进行化简,通过复模态分析得到本征方程,并在有集中质量的边界条件下得到频率方程,用数值方法求解固有频率和模态函数.然后,采用有限元方法建立运动梁自由振动的方程,求解矩阵方程得到复特征值和复特征向量,结合形函数得到复模态位移.最后,将两种方法的计算结果进行了分析和对比.数值算例的结果表明:不同的轴向运动速度和集中质量对变长度轴向运动梁的振动特性有显著影响,两种计算方法的结果接近且均有效.     

单物种人口模型指数隐式Euler方法的振动性

本文研究了用以描述单物种人口模型的延迟Logistic方程的数值振动性.对方程应用隐式Euler方法进行求解,针对离散格式定义了指数隐式Euler方法,证明了该方法的收敛阶为1.根据线性振动性理论获得了数值解振动的充分条件.进而还对非振动数值解的性质作了讨论.最后用数值算例对理论结果进行了验证.     

带次线性中立项的二阶广义Emden-Fowler微分方程的Philos型振动准则

研究一类带次线性中立项的二阶非线性广义Emden-Fowler时滞微分方程的振动性.利用Riccati变换和不等式技巧,在非正则条件下建立了该类方程多个简便的Philos型和Kamenev型新振动准则.所得定理也适应于包括经典Euler方程等线性非中立型方程,推广和改进了已有文献中的相应结果.最后还给出应用实例展示了所得定理是有效和便捷的.     

跨声速颤振数值模拟方法研究

建立了一套完整的跨声速颤振特性工程分析方法。首先分别利用ZTAIC法(等价片条法)、ZTRAN法(域平板法)以及CFD方法直接求解Euler(欧拉)方程3种方法,得到了跨声速非定常气动力,再采用g法求解颤振方程,并将分析结果进行了比较。对比分析表明ZTRAN法和时间线化Euler法能够快速有效地反映跨声速气动力的非线性效应,适应于工程应用上的快速跨声速颤振分析。     

非定常对流扩散方程保正格式解的存在性

本文发展了非定常对流扩散方程的非线性保正格式.该格式为单元中心型有限体积格式,保持局部通量的守恒性,适用于任意星形多边形网格,本文证明了该离散格式解的存在性,并给出数值结果,表明该格式具有二阶精度.     

信天翁近海面飞行时的气动力研究

针对信天翁近海面的飞行条件,研究信天翁能在大风浪中高效飞行的力学机理．将信天翁简化为二维机翼,采用势流理论的面元方法,重点研究了波浪的有益干扰．给出了信天翁在匀速固定高度飞行和自由飞行两种状态下的波浪扰动力．计算结果表明:信天翁的飞行效率不仅取决于飞行的高度和速度,而且取决于浪高和波长;在大风浪下信天翁可以从波浪有益干扰中获得推力来抵消部分飞行阻力,提高飞行效能．     

关于绕任意机翼非定常流动的一种无条件稳定的欧拉方程解

本文给出了绕二维与三维刚性或弹性振动机翼非定常无粘流动的欧拉方程解。首先利用Jameson的有限体积方法建立了求解欧拉方程的Runge-Kutta方法。为了提高受Runge-Kutta法稳定性限制的时间步长,文中采用了变系数的残值光顺方法。该方法避免了常系数残值光顺引起局部流场损失较大的问题。同时可在保证原计算格式精度要求下,大幅度提高计算时间步长,从而提高了计算效率。文中以二维与三维矩形机翼为例,分别对其在跨音速流场中作则性或弹性振动的非定常气动力进行了计算,研究了不同振动频率对流动产生的影响。部分计算结果与相应实验结果进行了比较。结果证明本方法是可靠的,可以用于求解绕任意运动机翼非定常流动问题。     

On Optimum Propulsion by Means of Small Periodic Motions of a Rigid Profile II. Optimization of the Period and Numerical Results

We present some numerically calculated optimum thrust generating small amplitude periodic motions of a rigid profile in an inviscid imcompressible fluid. The motions considered consist in general of both a heaving and a pitching part and have common period. Apart from the prescribed thrust, the motions have to satisfy the demand that the contribution to the total thrust of the suction at the leading edge not exceed a given number and are furthermore subjected to a constraint on their amplitude. Solutions of an analogous optimization problem for pure heaving motions are also discussed. Furthermore, the problem of optimizing the period of the motions is considered.     

非线性颤振系统中既是超临界又是亚临界的Hopf分岔点研究

研究了二元机翼非线性颤振系统的Hopf分岔．应用中心流形定理将系统降维,并利用复数正规形方法得到了以气流速度为分岔参数的分岔方程．研究发现,分岔方程中一个系数不含分岔参数的一次幂,故使得分岔具有超临界和亚临界双重性质．用等效线性化法和增量谐波平衡法验证了所得结果．     

Streamwise oscillations of a cylinder beneath a free surface: Free surface effects on vortex formation modes

A computational study of a viscous incompressible two-fluid model with an oscillating cylinder is investigated at a Reynolds number of 200 and at a dimensionless displacement amplitude of A=0.13 and for the dimensionless forcing cylinder oscillation frequency-to-natural vortex shedding frequency ratios, f/f₀=1.5,2.5,3.5. Specifically, two-dimensional flow past a circular cylinder subject to forced in-line oscillations beneath a free surface is considered. The method is based on a finite volume discretization of the two-dimensional continuity and unsteady Navier-Stokes equations (when a solid body is present) on a fixed Cartesian grid. Two-fluid model based on improved volume-of-fluid method is used to discretize the free surface interface. The study focuses on the laminar asymmetric flow structure in the near wake region and lock-on phenomena at a Froude number of 0.2 and for the dimensionless cylinder submergence depths, h=0.25, 0.5 and 0.75. The equivorticity patterns and pressure distribution contours are used for the numerical flow visualization. The code validations in special cases show good comparisons with previous numerical results.     

Transonic nozzle flows and free boundary problems for the full Euler equations

We establish the existence and uniqueness of transonic flows with a transonic shock through a two-dimensional nozzle of slowly varying cross-sections. The transonic flow is governed by the steady, full Euler equations. Given an incoming smooth flow that is close to a constant supersonic state (i.e., smooth Cauchy data) at the entrance and the subsonic condition with nearly horizontal velocity at the exit of the nozzle, we prove that there exists a transonic flow whose downstream smooth subsonic region is separated by a smooth transonic shock from the upstream supersonic flow. This problem is approached by a one-phase free boundary problem in which the transonic shock is formulated as a free boundary. The full Euler equations are decomposed into an elliptic equation and a system of transport equations for the free boundary problem. An iteration scheme is developed and its fixed point is shown to exist, which is a solution of the free boundary problem, by combining some delicate estimates for the elliptic equation and the system of transport equations with the Schauder fixed point argument. The uniqueness of transonic nozzle flows is also established by employing the coordinate transformation of Euler-Lagrange type and detailed estimates of the solutions.     

Numerical simulation of vortex induced vibrations and its control by suction and blowing

The vortex formation and shedding behind bluff structures is influenced by fluid flow parameters such as, Reynolds number, surface roughness, turbulence level, etc. and structural parameters such as, mass ratio, frequency ratio, damping ratio, etc. When a structure is flexibly mounted, the Kármán vortex street formed behind the structure gives rise to vortex induced oscillations. The control of these flow induced vibrations is of paramount practical importance for a wide range of designs. An analysis of flow patterns behind these structures would enable better understanding of wake properties and their control. In the present study, flow past a smooth circular cylinder is numerically simulated by coupling the mass, momentum conservation equations along with a dynamical evolution equation for the structure. An active flow control strategy based on zero net mass injection is designed and implemented to assess its efficacy. A three actuator system in the form of suction and blowing slots are positioned on the cylinder surface. A single blowing slot is located on the leeward side of the cylinder, while two suction slots are positioned at an angle α = 100°. This system is found to effectively annihilate the vortex induced oscillations, when the quantum of actuations is about three times the free stream velocity. The dynamic adaptability of the proposed control strategy and its ability to suppress vortex induced oscillations is verified. The exact quantum of actuation involved in wake control is achieved by integrating a control equation to decide the actuator response in the form of a closed loop feed back system. Simulations are extended to high Reynolds number flows by employing eddy viscosity based turbulence models. The three actuator system is found to effectively suppress vortex induced oscillations.     

Numerical solutions to the self‐similar transonic two‐dimensional nonlinear wave system

We present numerical results on a two‐dimensional Riemann problem governed by the self‐similar nonlinear wave system that gives rise to a transonic shock. We consider a configuration for a vertical incident shock moving to the right above a rectangular object. The incident shock then interacts with a sonic circle soon after it moves beyond the object, and creates a transonic region. We implement Lax–Liu positive schemes and Strang splitting, and obtain several numerical solutions for the model system. With the numerical results that we have obtained, we present several analyses of the transonic shock strengths and the positions of the transonic shocks with various Riemann data. Moreover, due to the presence of the corner of the object, numerical oscillations are apparent. We discuss regularity results for the solution near the corner of the object. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stability of underwater periodic locomotion

Most aquatic vertebrates swim by lateral flapping of their bodies and caudal fins. While much effort has been devoted to understanding the flapping kinematics and its influence on the swimming efficiency, little is known about the stability (or lack of) of periodic swimming. It is believed that stability limits maneuverability and body designs/flapping motions that are adapted for stable swimming are not suitable for high maneuverability and vice versa. In this paper, we consider a simplified model of a planar elliptic body undergoing prescribed periodic heaving and pitching in potential flow. We show that periodic locomotion can be achieved due to the resulting hydrodynamic forces, and its value depends on several parameters including the aspect ratio of the body, the amplitudes and phases of the prescribed flapping.We obtain closedform solutions for the locomotion and efficiency for small flapping amplitudes, and numerical results for finite flapping amplitudes. This efficiency analysis results in optimal parameter values that are in agreement with values reported for some carangiform fish. We then study the stability of the (finite amplitude flapping) periodic locomotion using Floquet theory. We find that stability depends nonlinearly on all parameters. Interesting trends of switching between stable and unstable motions emerge and evolve as we continuously vary the parameter values. This suggests that, for live organisms that control their flapping motion, maneuverability and stability need not be thought of as disjoint properties, rather the organism may manipulate its motion in favor of one or the other depending on the task at hand.     

Equivalent linearization method for the flutter system of an airfoil with multiple nonlinearities

The equivalent linearization method (ELM) was extended to analyze the flutter system of an airfoil with multiple nonlinearities. By replacing the cubic plunging and pitching stiffnesses by equivalent quantities, linearized equations for the nonlinear system were deduced. According to the linearized equations, approximate solutions for limit cycle oscillations (LCOs) were obtained in good agreement with numerical results. The influences of the linear and cubic stiffnesses on LCOs were analyzed in detail. Reducing linear pitching stiffness leads to decreasing of the critical flutter speed. For linear plunging stiffness, the opposite is true. Also, it reveals that the bifurcation could be supercritical or subcritical, which is related to the ratio between the coefficient of cubic pitching stiffness and that of plunging one.