青藏高原多年冻土区高寒草甸植物群落主要植物化学元素含量特征

分析了青藏高原北麓河地区29种高寒植物15个元素含量的特征。结果表明,这些植物中元素平均含量>400μg/g的元素有Ca,Mg,Na,K,Fe,10～100μg/g的有Mn,Cr,Zn,Cu,<10μg/g的有Ni,Co,As,Pb,Cd,Hg;种间同种元素的含量变化规律不统一。相关性分析表明,Cu与Cd,Fe与Cd和Hg,Cr与Ni,Co和Mg极显著正相关,Cr和Ca极显著负相关;聚类分析表明,Na,As元素对本区植物聚类的影响最大,莎草科、禾本科、菊科科内植物元素含量相似。     

青海达坂山地区高山植物中重金属元素分布特征

分析了青海达坂山地区16种高山植物重金属元素含量。结果表明，9种重金属元素中Cr、Ni、CO3种含量高于陆生植物的正常含量值；Hg含量极少，在检测限以下；其余5种含量正常；同种元素含量种间差异不大，不同植物对于同种元素的累积比较均一，各种植物对As、Se、Sb3种元素的富集能力高于其它元素；植物中CO与Cr、Sb；Pb与Cd之间有很好的协同作用，而Se与Co、Cd、Sb有明显的拈抗作用。相关分析的结果表明，植物对重金属元素的吸收受土壤元素含量的影响。     

昆明西郊行道绿化植物五种有毒重金属元素含量特征分析

对昆明西郊行道绿化植物"五毒"重金属元素含量特征进行了分析.结果显示,在行道绿化植物中,元素含量的相对离散度为Cd＞As＞Hg＞Cr＞Pb,与含量变化顺序不匹配,元素间仅Pb与Cr呈现十分正相关,其余元素间未达显著相关水平,与世界、西藏植物元素含量范围相对照,测试植物中As、Pb、Hg含量的超标率分别达70%、90%、70%.     

微波消解-ICP-AES法测定欧盟REACH高度关注物质

采用浓HNO3-H2O2溶液微波法消解样品,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）测定欧盟REACH高度关注物质样品中Sn,As,Pb,Co,Cr元素的含量。样品中Sn,As,Pb,Co,Cr元素的含量在0．01～10mg／L范围内与发射强度呈线性关系,线性相关系数大于0．9999,各元素的回收率在94．9％～104．8％之间,样品测定结果的相对标准偏差小于5％（n=10）。Sn,As,Pb,Co,Cr元素的检出限分别为0．004,0．004,0．005,0．002,0．002mg／L。该方法测定结果准确可靠,适用于欧盟REACH高关注物质的快速初筛。     

青海湖区河谷灌丛主要植物微量元素含量特征

采集青海湖地区沙柳河河谷灌丛14种主要植物，采用AAS分析了其中7种微量元素含量。结果表明，元素Cu、Mn、Co含量有较大的植物种问差异，7种微量元素中Se含量最小，Fe含量最大。元素Mn和Fe、Co、Ni之间都具有极显著的正相关性，即相互之间具有协同性作用。     

青藏高原白刺、枸杞和沙棘果粉中微量元素含量比较研究

采用原子吸收光谱法、氢化物原子荧光光谱法对青藏高原白刺、枸杞、沙棘果粉中的13种元素进行了分析测定。结果表明,3种植物果粉中的Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、K、Ca、Na、Mg等8种元素含量丰富且差异显著,Pb、As、Cr、Cd、Hg等5种重金属元素含量均较低,为3种植物资源深度开发利用提供了基础数据。     

前列舒通胶囊中26种无机元素的分析

目的：明确造成前列舒通胶囊不同批次间差异的标志性无机元素,并进行安全性评价。方法：采用ICP-MS测定制剂中Al、As、B、Ba、Ca、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Mo、Na、Ni、Pb、Sb、Se、Sn、Sr、Ti、Tl、V、Zn和Hg元素含量并进行数据分析。运用主成分及综合评分结合聚类分析手段,确定制剂的特征性元素;进行元素含量和相关性分析,明确不同批次各元素的差异及元素之间的关系;以多元素含量为指标,绘制无机元素谱图。结果：19批样品中均未检测出Se、Mo、Sn、Sb、Tl和Hg,且Pb、Cd、As、Cu、Hg均符合限量标准,无机元素含量谱图趋势一致。主成分分析提取了4个主成分,确定元素B、K、Al、V、Cr、Ca、Ti、Na、Co和Mn可作为特征元素。主成分得分图将19批样品分为两类,聚类分析及综合评分结果与其一致,两类样品中各元素含量存在差异性。相关性分析中,明确了B与K、Al、Cr正相关,K与Cr、Co正相关,V与Cr、Mn正相关,Mn与Co正相关,Ca、Ti、Na两两正相关。结论：通过分析前列舒通胶囊中无机元素含量,确定了特征元素,为前列舒通胶囊质量全面控制研究提供科学依据。     

豫东地区煤中有害痕量元素的分布研究

以豫东地区主要煤层为研究对象,初步研究和分析了豫东地区4个矿区煤样中As、Cr、Pb、Cu、Mn、Se等14个痕量元素含量,并结合现有资料和文献给出了其在煤中的赋存状态。结果表明,Pb、Hg、Cr、Mo、Mn和Cu含量的平均值是美国煤的1.5~5倍,除Hg外,其它的元素含量均低于全国土壤中含量的平均值;Se高于全国平均值而仍低于美国平均值,且远高于全国土壤的平均值;Co的含量比全国和美国的平均值都高,但仍低于全国土壤的平均值;Th的平均值接近于美国平均值,几乎分别占全国平均值和土壤平均值的二分之一和四分之一;所有痕量元素都比世界范围的值低;豫东地区原煤中As和P的含量低,基本属于一级含As煤和特低P煤层;在原煤的利用中应关注这些痕量元素所导致的污染。为豫东地区的综合开发和洁净煤炭利用提供参考资料。     

煤中痕量元素在循环流化床锅炉中的迁移行为与富集特性

对天津市某电厂循环流化床(CFB)锅炉燃用的原煤及燃烧产物底灰、飞灰、细飞灰(≤50 μm)进行痕量元素含量的测定,分析了Be、Zn、Hg、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、As、Se、Cd、Pb 13种痕量元素在燃烧过程中的迁移行为,揭示了痕量元素在CFB锅炉中的分配、富集特性。结果表明,CFB锅炉中,较低的炉温对于痕量元素的迁移富集产生了较大的影响。由相对富集系数得知,Be、V、Co、Se在底灰中耗散,在飞灰中富集,Zn、Mn倾向于在底灰中富集,元素Cd、Pb、Ni、Cu挥发性较强,在底灰和飞灰中均是耗散。As受钙氧化物影响,挥发性表现并不明显。Hg在底灰和飞灰中相对富集系数均很低,表明Hg在整个燃烧过程中以气态形式排放;Hg、As、Se、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb均有向小颗粒物中富集的趋势。根据相对富集系数以及研究的13种元素在低温CFB锅炉中的迁移行为,将这些元素分为三类:A类(E_R<0.1),主要是以气态形式排放元素Hg;B类(0.1R≤0.85),较易挥发元素As、Be、Ni、Cu、Se、Cd、Pb、Co、V;C类(E_R>0.85),主要残留在固体产物中元素Zn、Mn、Cr。     

食用菌中微量元素分析及营养价值与食品安全评价

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法,测定香菇、金针菇、白玉菇、杏鲍菇和茶树菇5种食用菌中必需微量元素(Mg、Ca、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Se、Sr)和有害元素(As、Cd、Pb)的含量。以微量元素为指标,评价5种食用菌的营养价值和食用安全性。结果表明,5种食用菌均含有丰富Mg、Ca、Cr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn,及少量V、Co、Ni、Se、Sr、As、Cd和Pb,且重金属As、Cd和Pb含量均低于国家标准(GB7096-2003)中关于食用菌规定的总量,食用安全。统计回归分析表明,香菇与其它4种食用菌同属真菌,因此微量元素含量相关系数R0.6,但P值均大于0.05,说明微量元素含量因科属的不同而有较大差异,但影响不显著。     

微量元素在尘肺患病率不同电厂的比较研究

为了调查微量元素对电厂尘肺患病率（甲厂〉乙厂）的影响,分别用中子活化法和原子吸收法测定两电厂粉尘、排放水和职工头发中化学元素含量,用邻苯三酚自氧化法测定接尘人员血中ＳＯＤ,结果发现甲厂粉尘中Ｖ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｏ、Ｍｎ和稀土元素含量比乙厂高,有显著性意义;乙厂比甲厂高的元素有Ｚｎ、Ｓｅ、Ａｓ、Ｂａ,而Ｎｉ、Ｃｄ未见显著性差异。甲厂工业排放水中Ｃｒ电明显高于乙厂。提示Ｖ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｏ、Ｍｎ和稀土元素对尘肺的形     

Elemental profile in some common medicinal plants of India. Its correlation with traditional therapeutic usage

Several parts of plants are used in herbal and Ayurvedic medicines of India. The different elemental constituents at trace levels of these plant parts play an effective role in the medicines prepared. Elemental composition of different parts (root, bark, leaf, seed) of some medicinal plants of North Eastern India has been determined by using proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE). A total of 14 elements, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr and Pb have been measured. Their concentrations were found to vary in different samples. Medicinal properties of these plant samples and their elemental distribution have been correlated.     

A comparative study on environmental radioactivity in shellfish inhabiting the coasts of Korea and Japan

To examine inshore radioactive contamination caused by nuclear power plants, both gross -radioactivity and -spectrometry was measured. The measurements were taken with the sea mussels, Mytilus coruscus and Mytilus edulis, which had been collected from the four different sites of nuclear power plants (Kori, Ulchin, Wolsong, and Younggwang), and Cheju-do as a control site. As a result, the gross -radioactivity observed was similar to that in nature. Among radionuclides, only¹³⁷Cs,²⁰K,⁷Be and⁶⁰Co were detected in a very small amount, and each was also close to the natural levels.     

Effect of P codeposition on the structure and microhardness of Co–W coatings electrodeposited from gluconate bath

Effects of addition of P to Co–W coatings from gluconate bath using direct current (DC) and pulse current (PC) methods have been investigated in this study. Co–W–P coatings with different P concentrations are prepared by varying hypophosphite concentration in the bath. Current efficiency of the Co–W–P electrodeposition is lower than that for Co–W coatings. Increase in NaH₂PO₂ concentration increases the cobalt content significantly and decreases the tungsten content drastically. Co–W–P coatings display ‘cauliflower‐like’ morphology and roughness of the coatings increases with increasing P content. As‐deposited Co–W–P deposits are amorphous while heat treatment at different temperatures has rendered them crystalline with the precipitation of stable species like, Co₃W, Co₂P, etc. Unlike Co–W coatings, Co–W–P shows two‐step crystallization in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and on heat treatment, which is similar to the behavior of Co–P electrodeposited from gluconate baths. Moreover, inclusion of phosphorous and heat treatment have led to significant increase in microhardness of the Co–W–P coatings. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies provide a detailed insight into the nature of Co, W and P species in as‐deposited and sputtered coatings. Microhardness of the heat‐treated coatings is higher than the as‐deposited counterparts and is comparable with that of hard chromium. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

原子吸收光谱法测定赣南野生草菇中的7种金属元素

为开发和利用赣南野生草菇提供科学依据，采用原子吸收光谱法测定了其中Zn、Co、Ni、Cu、Fe、Cr和Mg7种金属元素的含量。结果表明，草菇中Zn、Co、Ni、Fe、Cr和Mg含量丰富，Cu含量较低，Zn与Cu值为7．4，与抗癌中药中微元素的含量有Zn高Cu低的关系相同，说明赣南野生草菇有较高的营养价值。     

Distribution of trace and minor elements in hungarian spice paprika plants

Detailed investigations were carried out to study the distribution of trace and minor elements in different parts (fruit, seed and rib, peduncle, stem, leaf, root) of ripe Hungarian spice paprika plants. Two varieties of paprika plants were analyzed for their Cl, Co, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Sc, V and Zn content by non-destructive neutron activation analysis. The results showed that the iron contents of the samples were much higher than those of the other trace elements. For the trace elements Co, Fe, Mn, Sc, V and Zn a considerable enrichment was observed in the leaf, while the Rb and K, Na, Mg showed accumulation mainly in the peduncle. In the other parts (fruit, seed and rib, stem) of the paprika plants no significant enrichment of trace elements was found. Since some of the elements investigated may have been partially eluted during the cleaning of the roots with distilled water and, on the other hand, if the cleaning was not intensive enough, some soil particles could be retained on the samples, the data obtained for the roots should be considered with precaution.     

Determination of arsenic in geological samples by HG AAS

A continuous hydride generation (HG) AAS procedure for the determination of As in geological samples utilizing the SH-group containing amino-acid L-cysteine for the pre-reduction of As (V) to As (III) in HNO(3) has been optimized and compared with a method utilizing KI and ascorbic acid in HCl. The influence of some transition metals (Co, Fe, Ni) on the determination of As has been investigated. Decompositions of geological certified reference materials, sediments and soils of different origin and geochemical composition with concentrated HNO(3) have been performed in open and closed systems and the resulting As content has been compared with certified and proposed data.     

十种元素在癌瘤组织中的分布

通过２５种（１５８例）正常人组织和２９种（１６８例）癌瘤组织中Ａｓ，Ｓｅ、Ｐｂ，Ｃｄ，Ｃｏ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｕ、Ｈｇ、Ｆｅ和Ｍｇ等十种元素量分析，发现癌瘤组织中Ｃｄ、Ｐｂ，Ａｓ三种元素高于正常组织，而Ｓｅ和Ｚｎ两种元素与致癌元素的比值进行显著性测验，结果癌组明显高于正常组。