分段表面放电沉积效率研究

 利用一种结构紧凑的分段表面放电辐射源模块，详细研究了在不同电压、电容、气压实验条件下回路等效电阻、等效电感及放电能量沉积效率的变化规律，利用四分幅相机拍摄获得了不同实验条件下的放电等离子体通道图像，分析讨论了放电等离子体运动对放电能量沉积效率的影响，提出了提高能量放电沉积效率的有效途径。     

分段表面放电沉积效率研究

利用一种结构紧凑的分段表面放电辐射源模块，详细研究了在不同电压、电容、气压实验条件下回路等效电阻、等效电感及放电能量沉积效率的变化规律，利用四分幅相机拍摄获得了不同实验条件下的放电等离子体通道图像，分析讨论了放电等离子体运动对放电能量沉积效率的影响，提出了提高能量放电沉积效率的有效途径。     

分段表面放电光抽运XeF(C-A)激光器

阐述了分段表面放电光抽运XeF(C -A)激光器的设计和实验技术。分段表面放电辐射源在 140nm～ 170nm辐射区域亮度温度Tb≈ 15× 10 3K ,用该辐射源作抽运源离解XeF2 获得了XeF(C -A)蓝绿 (4 70nm～ 495nm)激光输出 ,激光脉宽为 340ns、光谱宽度为 15nm。     

基于干涉仪原理的闪电先导VHF辐射源速度测量

简述了闪电VHF辐射源窄带干涉仪定位原理及其数据处理方法,利用改进的窄带干涉仪系统对闪电先导VHF辐射源进行定位,给出了闪电放电通道的时空结构,并结合电场变化资料和声光差记录,估算了闪电先导放电发展的速度.     

平台式和斜坡式表面放电辐射源放电特性的比较

 介绍了平台式和斜坡式两种结构的表面放电辐射源，研究了在1.0 μF和1.5 μF储能电容、15~30 kV充电电压等实验条件下两种辐射源的放电特性，并对实验结果进行了比较分析。得到如下结论：对于斜坡式辐射源，增加电极间距可导致放电回路面积增大，因此等效电阻和等效电感也将增加；在相同电压及电容值条件下，斜坡式辐射源的放电电流、平均沉积功率均小于平台式辐射源的相应值，但放电沉积效率略大；电压升高使放电周期、电流达到峰值时间及放电沉积效率呈减小趋势，对于同一种辐射源，使用1.5 μF电容时放电回路参数更加匹配，放电沉积效率得到提高。     

基于正交传播算子的闪电宽带甚高频辐射源定位方法研究

闪电甚高频辐射源定位技术为闪电放电特征及其物理机制的研究提供了重要手段.基于空间谱估计理论,可将正交传播算子方法应用于闪电放电通道时空演变过程的成像.该方法将阵列数据协方差矩阵进行线性分解形成正交传播算子,然后以子空间的正交性构造空间谱,通过空间谱搜索实现辐射源定位.针对闪电宽带甚高频信号,采用非相干子空间处理方法将带宽内的有效频点进行平均,减小噪声干扰.利用数值仿真分析了该方法的定位性能,验证该方法定位弱辐射源的有效性,并与时间反转技术进行了对比.针对人工触发闪电过程的定位结果表明该方法可以较高的时空分辨率清晰地描绘出闪电通道的基本结构及放电通道的发展过程,并且其对双源同窗事件的定位能力优于时间反转方法.该方法对提高宽带甚高频阵列在闪电弱辐射源定位、闪电起始机制的研究中的应用价值具有重要意义.     

陶瓷表面放电光泵浦源放电特性研究

为了提高表面放电光泵浦源的寿命,以Al_2O_3陶瓷作为放电基板,研制了分段表面放电光泵浦源。基于放电电压和电流波形,详细研究了泵浦源的放电周期,放电通道电阻,能量沉积效率和等离子体功率密度。发现泵浦源的放电周期、放电通道电阻和能量沉积效率均随放电间隙长度和混合气体气压的增大而变大,随充电电压的增加而减小;而等离子体功率密度主要取决于充电电压和放电间隙长度,基本不随混合气体气压的改变而变化。在充电电压为26. 8 kV,气压为100 kPa,放电间隙长8 cm的条件下,泵浦源的能量沉积效率约为82%,等离子体功率密度达到了9. 36 MW/cm。实验研究表明:Al_2O_3陶瓷表面放电光泵浦源具有良好的放电特性,较同等条件下聚四氟乙烯表面放电光泵浦源的等离子体功率密度更高,可产生更强的真空紫外辐射,辐射亮度温度大于23 kK。Al_2O_3陶瓷表面放电光泵浦源适用于光泵浦XeF_2气体形成大功率XeF(C-A)蓝绿激光。     

大气压介质阻挡丝状放电时空演化数值模拟

通过数值求解二维流体方程，在均匀的初始条件下研究了大气压丝状放电的整体时空演化.通过模拟可以发现，在丝状放电的时空演化过程中，各条放电通道在不同位置相继发生击穿，且放电通道有遍历整个放电空间的趋势.在一定条件下，放电通道还会发生分裂与合并现象，其中放电通道的分裂导致了放电空间中放电通道的增加，而放电通道的合并则提供了一条放电空间中放电通道减少的途径.研究还表明，介质表面电荷是影响丝状放电整体时空演化的关键因素之一. 关键词： 介质阻挡放电 丝状放电 数值模拟 时空演化     

基于VHF辐射源短基线定位系统对闪电放电过程的研究

利用闪电VHF辐射源短基线定位系统2009年东北大兴安岭地区的观测资料,对正、负地闪和云闪放电过程中的VHF辐射源进行了定位研究.根据闪电VHF辐射源的二维位置(方位角和仰角)随时间的演变特征,结合同步观测的快、慢电场变化资料分析发现,持续时间较长的地闪预击穿过程在云中的放电通道呈双层结构,预击穿过程结束阶段的云内放电表现为反冲流光,预击穿过程的平均速度在10⁴m/s量级.预击穿过程为梯级先导的发展提供了必要的条件,梯级先导从预击穿起始位置开始并向下发展,产生较强的辐射,平均速度在10⁵m/s量级.K过程主要是流光沿之前已电离通道的传输.正、负地闪回击阶段前后的放电特征有明显不同,正地闪回击之后,连续电流期间的较长时间的云内放电产生较强的VHF辐射.对闪电在125---200MHz频段范围的VHF辐射频谱特征的统计分析发现,辐射能量呈现出幅值随频率增加而减小的趋势,在通带范围上基本遵循f^-2.9的衰减率递减.     

横向表面放电光泵浦源特性研究

 介绍了一种用以泵浦XeF(C-A)激光的横向表面放电辐射源,比较详细地研究了这种泵浦源的放电击穿特性、放电电流与充电电压及不同气体介质的关系、表面放电均匀性以及不同气体成分对表面放电辐射特性的影响。得到了放电击穿时间、放电峰值电流随充电电压、不同气体介质变化的曲线;分析了提高放电均匀性的途径,在电极长50cm、间距6cm、充电电压25kV条件下获得了均匀放电。获得了各种实验条件下放电辐射的光谱曲线;通过对辐射光谱的分析,研究了有利于光解离XeF₂的最佳实验条件,当p_Ar:p_N2=1:1时,放电在远紫外波段产生的辐射最强。     

Transient acoustic holography for reconstructing the particle velocity of the surface of an acoustic transducer

A transient acoustic holography method based on the Rayleigh integral and the time-reversal mirror principle is described. The method reconstructs the particle velocity of the surface of an acoustic source from the waveform of the signal measured over a surface lying in front of the source. The possibility of applying the transient holography to studying pulsed sources used in ultrasonic diagnostics is investigated. A rectangular source that produces a short acoustic pulse and has a nonradiating defect on its surface is considered. A numerical simulation is used to demonstrate the possibility of a holographic reconstruction of the source vibrations. The effects of the spatial sampling step and the size of the measurement region on the reconstruction quality are demonstrated.     

Generation of an extraction electric field in an electromembrane ion source

A mechanism of generating an extraction field in an ion source in which a polymer track membrane with nanodimensional channels is used as an environment-vacuum interface is considered. A high electric field necessary for the effective extraction of ions from a liquid on the membrane surface into the gas phase is maintained by charging the vacuum surface of the membrane. Charging is provided by oppositely charged secondary ions resulting from the disintegration of primary cluster ions on the extraction electrode. A decrease in the source current observed when the vacuum surface discharges counts in favor of this mechanism. The extracted ion energy distribution in the neighborhood of the extraction zone is obtained by the retarding potential method. Various aspects of ion beam formation in the membrane ion source are discussed.     

Scattering from a single bubble near a roughened air-water interface: laboratory measurements and modeling

The problem of scattering from a single bubble located close to a slightly roughened, air-water interface is studied both theoretically and experimentally. Two well-controlled laboratory experiments were performed to investigate the effects of surface roughness on the scattering response of the bubble. In the first experiment, a bubble of radius 1200 microm was placed on a fine thread at a variable distance, d, from the mean-still-water level of the surface, which was roughened using a wind source. In the second experiment, a bubble of radius 800 microm was utilized, while the water surface was roughened using a plunger wave-making source. The waveheights and important characteristic length scales associated with each experiment were quantified using digital photography. The wind source produced waveheights that were represented by a Gaussian distribution, while the plunger source produced waveheights that were represented by a bimodal distribution. To model the acoustic measurements, an expression describing the four scattering paths, from source to bubble to receiver, was used. A random phase shift due to the surface roughness was added to the paths that interacted with the surface, and expectations of this phase shift were computed based on the analytical representations for the waveheight distribution. The data show good agreement with the simulations and the sensitivity of scattering from a subsurface bubble to small changes in waveheight is illustrated. The experiments highlight important parametric dependencies, which are summarized here, and the relation between monostatic and bistatic scattering is also discussed.     

Intensity streamlines and vorticity streamlines in three-dimensional sound fields

The properties of intensity streamlines and vorticity streamlines are discussed in this paper. It is found that the properties in three-dimensional sound fields are different from the properties in two-dimensional sound fields. The integral behavior of intensity streamlines is that the beginning and the end are attached to a sound source surface or that the beginning is on the sound source surface and the end extends into the infinite. For the vorticity streamlines, the integral behavior is that it is a closed curve or that the beginning and the end are attached to the sound source surface. Three examples are given for intensity and vorticity streamlines.     

The intensity of the field generated by a point source and reflected from a rough surface

This paper studies the intensity of the acoustic field generated by a point source above a rough surface with the Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions. The derived equations are valid for arbitrary distances between the source, receiver and rough surface, including the case when these distances are smaller than the correlation radius of the surface roughness. It is believed that the proposed method is an improvement of the more conventional approach, which is based on integration over individual areas of the rough surface and that is valid when the source, receiver, and surface are at large distances from each other. The main limitation in deriving the expressions for the acoustic field intensity is the condition that the mutual shadowing of the surface points is small, which is close to the small slope approximation for the rough surface profile. The derivation includes the limiting cases which lead to the traditional small perturbation method and Kirchhoff approximation.     

风成噪声背景下垂直阵阵列信噪比随声源深度的变化规律

风成噪声是海洋中最广泛存在的环境噪声、是被动声纳处理性能的重要影响因素.它具有一个典型的物理性质是很大程度上只对应中高阶模态.阵列信噪比计入了阵列采样辐射声强、背景噪声功率和阵处理增益,是决定声纳阵列处理性能的关键物理量.本文研究了受风成噪声模态结构影响,典型夏季浅海环境中垂直阵阵列信噪比随声源深度的变化关系.在简正波模深函数采样完整的假设条件下,理论证明了阵列信噪比随声源深度的变化可近似为低阶模态幅度强度(模深函数模值的平方)随深度变化的线性叠加,且模态阶数越低,贡献越大;并且,在强风成噪声背景、显著负梯度环境下该变化规律可由1阶模态幅度强度随深度的变化近似独立表征.以上结果表明,在同一声源距离条件下,声源置于水体下半部分时的阵列信噪比比置于海面附近更大,并且在位于1阶模态峰值点所在深度附近时达到最大.典型负声速梯度浅海环境中的仿真实验结果对理论分析进行了验证,并表明在一定条件下阵列信噪比随声源深度的变化与声源距离近似无关.     

内部体积源作用下的圆柱壳内外声场特性

圆柱壳内各型体积源辐射噪声特性研究是声场建模和声场预报的前提.为了研究具有指向性的大尺度体积源特性对水下航行器结构内外声场的影响,本文结合薄壳理论、等效源和柱腔Green函数构造了体积源激励下的壳体振动耦合方程,研究了体积源表面声散射作用和指向性强弱对圆柱壳内外声场的影响.数值计算结果表明,体积源构造的准确性与其等效源位置有关,等效源配置在体积源几何中心与其结构表面之间0.4—0.6时,可以提高声场计算结果的准确性;大尺度体积源表面的声散射作用会导致壳体内部声场结构发生改变,内声场声腔共振峰发生偏移,并且在部分频段引起较强的声透射现象;此外,体积源指向性变化对壳体内外声场强弱影响较小,其显著作用表现在改变了外辐射声场的远场指向性.该研究结果对噪声预报和控制有一定的参考价值.     

马铃薯近红外光谱无损检测影响因素研究

为提高马铃薯近红外光谱快速无损检测的准确性和稳定性,对比了光纤光源、卤素灯杯光源和环形光源三种光源条件下的光谱,结果显示环形光源的光谱噪声最小,辐照强度与均匀度最好。该工作对光源功率、光源距马铃薯表面距离以及光纤距马铃薯表面检测点距离进行研究,通过三因素三水平响应面试验,评价不同因素水平条件下对马铃薯可溶性固形物含量的光谱模型预测效果,得到最优参数组合为光源功率238.33 W,光纤探头距样品表面距离8.17 mm,光源距样品表面距离370 mm,并建立可溶性固形物定量预测模型。在最优参数条件下,预测偏最小二乘回归模型(PLSR)的相关系数优化到0.867,均方根误差0.149°Brix。为进一步消除设备及环境噪声,通过不同预处理算法降低噪声的干扰,结果显示标准变量排序法去噪效果最好,PLSR预测相关系数可达0.914,预测均方根误差降低到0.132°Brix,既能有效去噪又有较好的预测效果。试验结果表明,响应面试验优化检测环境和条件能有效提高马铃薯品质检测的预测精度,为近红外光谱马铃薯无损检测环境搭建和设备选型提供技术参考。     

Extension of planar nearfield acoustic holography for sound source identification in a noisy environment

Planar nearfield acoustic holography (NAH) is extended to identify the sound source in a noisy environment. The extended method requires the knowledge of the pressures on two closely spaced parallel hologram planes and the plane wave reflection coefficient on the target source surface. First, the incoming field coming from the back side of the microphone array and the scattered field due to the incoming wave falling on the target source are correlated through the plane wave reflection coefficient on the target source surface. Then, the mixed field on the hologram plane can be represented by the field that would be radiated by the target source into free space and the incoming field. Finally, the field that would be radiated by the target source into free space can be extracted by using the pressures measured on two hologram planes, which will be further used to accurately identify the sound source via planar NAH. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulations and experiment, and the influence of the relative strength of the disturbing source to the target source is also investigated.     

基于分布源边界点法的局部近场声全息技术

为了克服基于分布源边界点法的近场声全息技术在小全息孔径条件下造成的重建误差问题,提出了基于分布源边界点法的局部近场声全息技术.该技术运用分布源边界点法,采用测得的较小全息面上的声压数据来外推较大全息面上的声压数据,然后用外推的数据进行全息重建.仿真和实验结果验证了采用该技术在小全息孔径条件下进行声源局部重建的有效性.