导数技术在植物叶片荧光研究中的应用

本文首次采用导数技术于植物叶片的活体叶绿素荧光性质研究,探讨了其生物学意义。该方法降低了不同叶绿素存在形式光谱干扰程度,提高了谱带分辩率。衰老期植物叶片的导数荧光光谱和常规荧光光谱相比,对叶衰老的敏感程度增加,导数技术的应用便于植物状态的评估。     

在单波长紫外可见分光光度计上测定导数吸收光谱

在单波长紫外可见分光光度计上测定样品在不同波长（λ）下的吸光度（A），然后利用数学处理方法将λ-A转变为不同波长下的一阶、二阶及三阶导数关系，即λ-△A／△λ、λ-△^2A／△λ^2及,λ-△^3／△λ^3关系，并在计算机上利用EXCEL绘制出样品的各阶导数吸收光谱。实现了在单波长紫外可见分光光度计上测定导数吸收光谱的目的，扩大了单波长紫外可见分光光度计的应用范围。     

热力学偏导数的Jacobian转换方法

本文用Ｊａｃｏｂｉａｎ行列式方法，将难于测量的热力学偏导数用易测物理量系统地表出，其优点是将微分运算换成代数运算，十分简便，易于掌握。     

用5-Br-PADAP和一阶导数光度法同时测定镉和钴的研究

本文研究了在乳化剂-OP存在下,5-Br-PADAP与镉、钴反应的导数行为,利用一阶导数消除镉、钴间的相互干扰,取得满意结果。     

一阶导数停流法测定药物和饮用水中的铁

本文利用Ｆｅ＾３＋离子催化Ｈ２Ｏ２氧化四甲基对苯二胺的反应，将采用停流技术获得的动力学曲线转换成一阶导数曲线，根据导数峰高值与Ｆｅ＾３＋离子浓度的线性关系测定药物和自来水中的含量，本方法的线性范围为４．０－４０．０ｎｇＦｅ＾３＋／ｍｌ，相对标准偏差小于２．５％，标准加入回收率在９８．７％－１０１％之间，检测限为１．９２ｎｇＦｅ＾３＋／ｍｌ。对照实验结果表明，导数动力学法比一般非导数动力学法具有线关     

平面汞膜电极二阶倒导数电位溶出分析法研究

对电位溶出的Ｅ－ｔ曲线进行二阶倒导数处理，提高了二阶倒导数电位溶出分析法理论，其信号较一阶倒导数法增强约４３．１ｎ倍，分辨率由原来的６５．５ｍＶ／ｎ改善到４８．２ｍＶ／ｎ。用根据二阶倒导数法原理自行设计研制的多阶倒导数电位出仪验证了本提出了的理论，富集１２０ｓ，Ｃｄ＾２＋的检测限可达１．０×１０＾－１０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

单波长紫外可见分光光度计测定药物的导数吸收光谱

建立单波长紫外可见分光光度计测定药物导数吸收光谱的方法。以较小的波长差连续测定药物在不同波长λ处的吸光度A,得到一系列A-λ数据,对该系列数据进行数学处理,分别计算Δλ、ΔA、ΔA/Δλ、Δ2A/Δλ2、Δ3A/Δλ3,分别以ΔA/Δλ、Δ2A/Δλ2和Δ3A/Δλ3等各阶导数为纵坐标,以λ为横坐标,绘制药物的一阶、二阶或三阶导数吸收光谱。采用本方法测定并绘制了维生素A、布洛芬两种药物的一阶、二阶及三阶导数吸收光谱,并与其常规吸收光谱进行对比,表征了药物导数吸收光谱的特性。本方法测定药物的导数吸收光谱,扩大了单波长紫外可见分光光度计的应用范围和分析功能,实现了在单波长紫外可见分光光度计上测定药物导数吸收光谱。     

铜基甲醇合成催化剂TPR导数谱

铜基甲醇合成催化剂ＴＰＲ导数谱胡云行，万惠霖，蔡启瑞（厦门大学化学系，固体表面物理化学国家重要实验室，厦门，３６１００５）关键词ＴＰＲ，导数谱，铜基催化剂ＴＰＲ是非稳态条件下研究催化剂的有效方法。该法具有设备简单、快速和信息量大等特点，已成为常用的催...     

红外光谱在定量分析中的应用

本文对近十年红外光谱在定量分析中的应用进行了概述。偏最小二乘法,一阶导数、二阶导数等化学计量法在定量分析中得到了普遍的应用,反射、探针、漫反射等技术的发展拓宽了红外光谱定量分析的领域。固体、液体、气体均可计量的优势更加突出。实现了单一物质,二元或多元物质的定量测定。     

导数测量技术在气相色谱信号处理中的应用

介绍了导数测量技术在气相色谱信号处理中的应用。导数-气相色谱的热导检测器对苯的灵敏度和敏感度分别达到270kV·L/kg和0.3μg／L。与可分辨导数色谱峰相对应的常规色谱峰最小分离度为2．8。在被测组分质量浓度为8．1～810g／L的范围内,导数峰上峰高、下峰高、总峰高、峰面积均与质量浓度呈线性关系,其线性相关系数分别为0．9911,0．9982,0．9960和0.9991。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.