微波辅助提取-高效液相色谱分析制备鸡骨草中相思子碱和下箴刺桐碱的研究

建立了鸡骨草中相思子碱和下箴刺桐碱的微波辅助提取-高效液相色谱(MAE-HPLC)分析方法.优化得到的最佳微波辅助提取条件为:以25%甲醇为溶剂、固液比1:10(m/V)、提取温度50℃、提取时间10 min.分析了广东、广西等7个不同产地鸡骨草中相思子碱和下箴刺桐碱含量,其中相思子碱含量范围0.03～0.84 mg/...     

基于生物素-亲和素系统的压电免疫传感器检测相思子毒素研究

利用生物素-亲和素系统的放大作用和纳米金质量扩增效应,建立了压电免疫传感器检测相思子毒素的新方法.首先在石英晶体的金电极上依次组装二巯基丙酸、EDC和NHS进行表面修饰,然后通过亲和素固定生物素标记相思子毒素多抗来制备敏感膜,利用纳米金的质量扩增效应设计了一种"毒素-纳米金标记单抗"复合物,成功实现了对相思子毒素的检测,提高了传感器灵敏度和重现性.本传感器对相思子毒素响应的线性范围为0.05～5 mg/L; 回归方程为Δf＝50.81CAbrin+67.11(r=0.9903,n＝10,P<0.0001); 检测灵敏度为50.81 Hz · L/mg.     

基于噬菌体展示抗体的电化学发光免疫传感器检测相思子毒素研究

以多克隆抗体包被磁性微球制备捕获探针,以表面负载大量三联吡啶钌标记物的噬菌体展示抗体为发光探针有效放大信号,成功建立了相思子毒素电化学发光免疫传感检测方法。利用本方法检测相思子毒素,浓度在0.005～100μg/L范围内与电化学发光强度呈良好的对数线性关系,拟合方程为lgY=0.701lgX+1.767(R=0.9964,N=7,p<0.0001),检测限达0.005μg/L(S/N=3)。与采用单克隆抗体制备标记探针相比,检测灵敏度提高20倍,可用于相思子毒素的痕量检测。     

一种基于金磁微粒的电化学发光免疫检测方法

基于金磁微粒(GoldMag particles)的磁性分离富集性能与良好的生物相容性,直接在金磁微粒表面吸附固定相思子毒素多抗制备捕获探针,以三联吡啶钌标记相思子毒素单抗作为电化学发光探针,两者与相思子毒素发生特异性免疫反应形成夹心复合物,成功建立了一种简单、快速、灵敏的相思子毒素电化学发光免疫检测方法。利用此方法检测相思子毒素,其浓度在0.2～1 500μg/L范围内与电化学发光强度成良好的对数线性关系,检出限为0.2μg/L。与生物素-亲和素固定法相比,该法的检出限相当,其线性范围更宽、操作更简化,具有通用性,可以此为基础发展生物毒素及其它蛋白的检测方法,用于临床诊断、环境监测及生物防护等领域。     

基于金磁微粒与酶标噬菌体抗体的磁分离免疫分析法

基于金磁微粒(Gold-magnetic particle)兼有纳米金颗粒与磁微粒特性的优势,以相思子毒素(Abrin)为目标物,将蛋白A(SPA)包被金磁微粒偶联多抗作为功能化捕获探针,酶标噬菌体抗体作为特异信号检测探针,建立了一种检测相思子毒素的磁分离免疫分析法。该方法的线性范围为0.008~250μg/L,相关系数(r)为0.991 0,检出限为0.008μg/L,定量下限为0.008μg/L。该方法将蛋白A-金磁微粒功能化探针与酶标噬菌体抗体探针的优势结合,提高了检测灵敏度、特异性和抗干扰能力,适用于各种环境样品中微量相思子毒素样品的分析。     

生物毒素的分析

生物毒素是一类具有重要军事和生物医学应用价值的生物源化学物质。许多生物毒素可以作为临床药物或导向药物而受到广泛研究，另外又由于其具有极高的毒性，已成为重要的潜在性生化战剂，受到世界各国军事学家的关注。本文着重介绍了蓖麻毒素(Ricin)、相思子毒素(Abrin)、河豚毒素(Tetrodotoxin)、石房蛤毒素(Saxitoxin)、芋螺毒素(Conotoxin)等五种主要生物毒素的分离分析鉴定方法。     

生物嘌呤碱的高效液相色谱分离和吸附伏安检测

本文叙述反相HPLC分离和吸附伏安法检测生物嘌呤碱的高灵敏分析法,给出了分离和测定的最佳条件,测定了Z0rbax ODS柱上的分离特性参数分辨率(R.)、分离因子(α).容量因子(k′)和吸附滞留焓(△H_R~°)。用该法分析尿样,标准加入50～100pmol生物嘌呤碱,回收率在89％～94％之间。     

槟榔中槟榔碱和槟榔次碱的毛细管电泳分析

建立了槟榔中槟榔碱和槟榔次碱的毛细管电泳分析方法。考察了电解质溶液ｐＨ值变化对分离的影响,在选定实验条件下,槟榔碱和槟榔次碱得到了很好的分离,整个分析过程在１０ｍｉｎ内完成,其中槟榔碱和槟榔次碱的迁移时间相对标准偏差在０．４％￣０．７％之间,峰面积的相对标准偏差在３．４％￣３．８％之间。用于实际样品测定,结果满意。     

胶束电动色谱中大体积进样法分离测定莲子心中的莲心碱、异莲心碱和甲基莲心碱

高效毛细管电泳是近年来发展起来的一种高效、快速的新型分离技术,莲心碱、异莲心碱和甲基莲心碱是结构非常相近的双苄基异喹啉类生物碱,同时分离测定较困难.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定吴茱萸及制剂中吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱

用反相高效液相色谱法测定了吴茱萸及制剂中吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱，建立了中药及制剂中吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱分离、测定的色谱方法。色谱条件：ＯＤＳ柱，乙腈＋水＋四氢呋喃＋乙酸（５２＋４８＋１＋０．１）为流动相，紫外检测波长２８０ｎｍ。方法简便、灵敏、准确、快速。     

Three new pterocarpans from the aerial parts of Abrus Precatorius

Abstract

Three new pterocarpans, named abrusprecatins A-C (1–3), along with three known ones, namely medicarpin (4), maackiain (5), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-8,9-methylenedioxypterocarpan (6) were isolated from the aerial parts of Abrus precatorius. The structures of these compounds were established by extensive analysis of mass spectrometric data, 1?D and 2?D NMR spectroscopic data. In addition, the absolute configurations were determined by a combination of single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and circular dichroism spectroscopy.     

Structure elucidation of sweet-tasting cycloartane-type saponins from ginseng oolong tea and Abrus precatorius L. leaves

The composition of ginseng oolong a widely used tea product was investigated. A new sweet-tasting cycloartane-type saponin 3β-O-[β-D-glucuronopyranosyl(1→2)]-β-D-6-acetylglucopyranosyl)-(20S,22S)-3β,22-dihydroxy-9,19-cyclolanost-24-en-26,29-oic acid (9), along with five new compounds, was identified in the methanolic extract of the ginseng oolong tea. Structural elucidation was conducted by spectroscopic methods, including 1D- and 2D-NMR, HR-MS, HPLC-LITMS/MS. It was shown that these compounds have different sugar chains connected to the abrusogenin molecule. Then saponin profiles of four commercially available ginseng oolong samples and Abrus precatorius L. leaves were compared and the presence of three known abrusosides and six new acetyl and malonyl abrusogenin derivatives was proved. The original ginsenosides were not detected in the extract, therefore, abrusosides could serve as a replacement responsible for the sweet taste of the tea.     

An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry identification and characterization of the active constituents from Abrus mollis Hance

Abrus mollis Hance is a traditional Chinese medicine that is widely used to treat acute and chronic hepatitis, steatosis, and fibrosis. Its therapeutic qualities of it have long been acknowledged, although the active ingredients responsible for its efficacy and the mechanisms of its action are unknown. In this study, the chemical constituents absorbed into the blood from Abrus mollis Hance were assessed by using liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the data was analyzed with the UNIFI screening platform. The results obtained were compared to existing chromatographic-mass spectrometry information, including retention times and molecular weights as well as known reference compounds. 41 chemical constituents were found in Abrus mollis Hance, and these included 16 flavonoids, 13 triterpenoids, five organic acids, and two alkaloids. Experimentally it was found that Abrus mollis Hance had a therapeutic benefit when treating α-naphthalene isothiocyanate-induced acute liver injury in rats. In addition, 11 blood prototypical constituents, including six flavonoids, three triterpenoids, and two alkaloids, were found in serum samples following intragastric administration of Abrus mollis Hance extracts to rats. This novel study can be used for the quality control and pharmacodynamic assessment of Abrus mollis Hance in order to assess its efficacy in the therapeutic treatment of patients.     

Antiparasitic and antimicrobial isoflavanquinones from Abrus schimperi

The EtOH extract of Abrus schimperi (Fabaceae), collected in Kenya, demonstrated significant activity against Leishmania donovani promastigotes with IC50 value of 3.6 microg/mL. Bioassay-guided fractionation of CHCl3 fraction using Centrifugal Preparative TLC afforded two antiparasitic isoflavanquinones, namely amorphaquinone (1) and pendulone (2). They displayed IC50 values of 0.63 microg/mL and 0.43 microg/mL, respectively, against L. donovani promastigotes. Both the compounds were also evaluated against L. donovani axenic amastigotes and amastigotes in THPI macrophage cultures. In addition, compounds 1 and 2 showed antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum D6 and W2 strains, while 2 displayed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (each IC50 1.44 microg/mL). The 1H and 13C data of 1, not fully assigned previously, were unambiguously assigned using 1D and 2D NMR HMBC and HMQC experiments. In addition, the absolute stereochemistry of the isolated compounds 1 and 2 was revised as C-(3S) based on Circular Dichroism experiments. This appears to be the first report of amorphaquinone (1) and pendulone (2) from the genus Abrus.     

New triterpenoids from the leaves of Abrus precatorius

Three new (1-3) triterpenoids and one known (4) triterpenoid were isolated from an acid hydrolyzed methanol-soluble extract of the leaves of Abrus precatorius. Their structures were identified as (20S,22S)-3beta,22-dihydroxycucurbita-5(10),24-diene-26,29-dioic acid delta-lactone (1), 3-O-[6'-methyl-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-3beta,22beta-dihydroxyolean-12-en-29-oic acid methyl ester (2), 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosylsophoradiol methyl ester (3), and sophoradiol (4) by spectroscopic techniques including 2D NMR.     

A new triterpenoid saponin from Abrus precatorius Linn

A new triterpenoid saponin, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl subprogenin D (1), together with six known triterpenoids: subprogenin D (2), abrusgenic acid (3), triptotriterpenic acid B (4), abruslactone A (5), abrusogenin (6) and abrusoside C (7) were isolated from the leaves and stems of Abrus precatorius. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physical and NMR analysis, respectively. Compounds 5 and 6 showed moderate cytotoxicity against MCF-7, SW1990, Hela, and Du-145 cell lines. Compounds 1, 2 and 4 were isolated from this plant for the first time.     

Activity-directed-fractionation and isolation of four antibacterial compounds from Abrus precatorius L., roots

Root extracts of the plant Abrus precatorius L., was tested for antibacterial activity. Various solvent fractions exhibited inhibitory activity against 13 gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Root extracts were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The antibacterial activity was localized to specific chromatophores in the chloroform fraction through a bioautography assay. It was found localized to four chromatophores out of seven. The chromatophores were isolated from the TLC plates and rechecked for activity against Slaphylococcus aureus A, using a disc diffusion assay. Among the four active principles isolated, AP 3 (Rf 0.87) exhibited maximum activity i.e. 56% inhibition of growth of S. aureus A, in disc diffusion assay compared to the standard antibiotic Ampicillin. Results of this study suggest that chloroform extractable phytochemicals in A. precatorius L. may yield promising molecules with antibiotic activity.     

Activity-directed fractionation and isolation of four antibacterial compounds from Abrus precatorius L. roots

Root extracts of the plant Abrus precatorius L. was tested for antibacterial activity. Various solvent fractions exhibited inhibitory activity against 13 gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Root extracts were analyzed by thin layer chromatography. The antibacterial activity was localized to specific chromatophores in the chloroform fraction through a bioautography assay. It was found localized to 4 chromatophores out of 7. The chromatophores were isolated from the TLC plates and rechecked for activity against Staphylococcus aureus A, using a disc diffusion assay. Among the four active principles isolated, AP 3 (Rf 0.87) exhibited maximum activity, i.e., 56% inhibition of growth of S. aureus A, in disc diffusion assay compared to the standard antibiotic Ampicillin. Results of this study suggest that chloroform extractable phytochemicals in A. precatorius L. may yield promising molecules with antibiotic activity.     

A rapid densitometric method for simultaneous quantification of gallic acid and ellagic acid in herbal raw materials using HPTLC

Gallic acid and ellagic acid are two widely occurring phenolic compounds of plant origin, to which many biological activities including anticancer and antiviral activity have been attributed. A simple HPTLC method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of gallic acid and ellagic acid. The method was validated for precision, repeatability, and accuracy. Instrumental precision was found to be 0.083 and 0.78, and the repeatability of the method was found to be 1.07 and 1.50 (% CV) for gallic acid and ellagic acid, respectively. The accuracy of the method was checked by a recovery study conducted at two different levels and the average percentage recovery was found to be 101.02% for gallic acid and 102.42% for ellagic acid. The above method was used for the quantification of gallic acid and ellagic acid content in seeds of Abrus precatorius Linn., whole plant of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Linn., and flowers of Nymphaea alba Linn. The proposed HPTLC method for the simultaneous quantification of gallic acid and ellagic acid was found to be simple, precise, specific, sensitive, and accurate and can be used for routine quality control of herbal raw materials and for the quantification of these compounds in plant materials.