Y2O3/纳米碳管复合粒子的结构及其对高氯酸铵热分解性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Y₂O₃/纳米碳管复合粒子, 并用SEM, XPS, FT-IR和XRD对Y₂O₃/纳米碳管复合粒子的形貌和微观结构进行了表征. 结果表明, 纳米碳管有效承载了Y₂O₃, Y₂O₃连续均匀地负载在纳米碳管的表面, 负载量为19.53%. FT-IR 和XPS证明了Y₂O₃粒子和纳米碳管表面之间发生了化学键合. 用三种方法将相同比例的Y₂O₃/纳米碳管复合粒子与高氯酸胺(AP)进行混合, 采用差热分析(DTA)研究了三种混合样品中Y₂O₃/纳米碳管复合粒子对高氯酸铵热分解的催化性能. 结果表明, 三种混合样品中的Y₂O₃/纳米碳管复合粒子都能催化高氯酸铵的热分解, 其中通过水溶剂混合的样品中Y₂O₃/纳米碳管复合粒子的催化效果优于另外两种. 与纯高氯酸铵相比, 其样品中高氯酸铵的高温分解峰温降低了168.5 ℃, 表观分解热由371 J•g^－1提高到1410 J•g^－1. 并用不同样品中高氯酸铵热分解动力学参数对所得结果进行了理论分析.     

Fe2O3/Al2O3二元气凝胶合成高质量单壁纳米碳管

通过溶胶和超临界干燥方法制得了Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃二元气凝胶，其比表面积和孔隙体积分别为246 m²·g^-1和1.89 cm³·g^-1，并具有较宽的孔径分布。以Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃二元气凝胶作催化剂，通过甲烷催化裂解成功地合成了高质量的单壁纳米碳管。利用FESEM、TEM和HRTEM、Raman光谱等分析手段研究了反应温度对单壁纳米碳管生长的影响。结果表明在900 ℃时合成单壁纳米碳管的质量较高，并且合成的炭产物为毡状，该炭产物主要为高质量的单壁纳米碳管。     

静电纺丝技术制备Y2O3∶Eu3+纳米带及其发光性质

采用静电纺丝技术制备了PVP/[Y(NO₃)₃+Eu(NO₃)₃]复合纳米带,将其进行热处理,获得了Y₂O₃∶Eu³⁺纳米带。采用XRD、FTIR、SEM、TEM、荧光光谱等技术对焙烧后的样品进行了表征。结果表明：600 ℃焙烧即可获得Y₂O₃∶Eu³⁺纳米带,800 ℃时结晶更为良好,产物属于立方晶系。纳米带表面光滑,由平均直径为30 nm的小颗粒紧密排列而成,为多晶结构。随着温度升高,纳米带宽度减小。焙烧800 ℃获得的Y₂O₃∶Eu³⁺纳米带的发光性质优于焙烧600 ℃的Y₂O₃∶Eu³⁺纳米带。与体材料相比,该纳米带的激发光谱Eu³⁺-O^2-电荷迁移态(CTB)发生红移,发射光谱发生蓝移。     

SiO2/Co3O4核壳催化剂对AP热分解的催化性能研究

采用改良的Stöber法制备粒径约为200 nm的单分散球形SiO₂颗粒,以此为内核,分别通过液相沉淀法和尿素均匀沉淀法制备包覆形式不同的新型SiO₂/Co₃O₄核壳式纳米催化剂。采用X-射线衍射分析(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、红外光谱分析(IR)、拉曼光谱分析(Raman)、BET比表面积测试等手段对产物进行表征,利用差式扫描量热仪(DSC)考察SiO₂/Co₃O₄复合物对高氯酸铵(AP)热分解反应的催化作用,探讨不同包覆形式对其催化活性的影响。结果表明,两种方法制备得到的SiO₂/Co₃O₄复合物分别为层包覆和粒子包覆,比表面积大,具有明显的核壳结构,且粒子包覆形式的SiO₂/Co₃O₄对AP热分解反应的催化效果最好,使AP的高温分解温度降低了110 ℃,放热量增加了662 J·g^-1。     

共沉淀法合成Yb3+∶Y2O3纳米粉及透明陶瓷的性能

以Y₂O₃为基质材料,掺杂不同含量的Yb³⁺,采用共沉淀法制备出性能良好的Yb³⁺∶Y₂O₃纳米粉,将粉体在1 700 ℃和真空度为1×10^-3 Pa下烧结5 h得到Yb³⁺∶Y₂O₃透明陶瓷。用XRD、TEM、UV-Vis、FL分别对样品的结构、形貌和发光性能进行了研究。结果表明：Yb³⁺完全固溶于Y₂O₃的立方晶格中,Yb³⁺∶Y₂O₃粉体大小均匀,近似球形,尺寸约40～60 nm。Yb³⁺∶Y₂O₃透明陶瓷相对密度为99.7%,在波长600～800 nm范围内其透光率达到80%。Yb³⁺∶Y₂O₃透明陶瓷在950 nm处吸收线宽达到26 nm,在1 031 nm和1 076 nm处的发射线宽分别为13 nm和17 nm。     

Fe3O4/Au纳米复合粒子及其光学性质

在过量Fe₃O₄种子的存在下, 通过盐酸羟氨对四氯合金酸的还原, 制备得到了100 nm以下核壳结构Fe₃O₄/Au磁性复合粒子, 体系中未反应的Fe₃O₄种子可通过稀盐酸的处理去除. Fe₃O₄/Au复合粒子表现出特有的纳米光学效应, 可见光区等离子体共振吸收峰的最大波长与纳米复合粒子的粒径、掺合的种子量以及分散介质的离子强度等有关. 随着纳米复合粒子粒径的增大和分散介质离子强度的增高, 最大吸收峰发生红移, 并出现峰形展宽的情况. 以水作为分散介质, 种子去除得愈彻底, 体系纳米粒子粒径就愈均一, 特征吸收峰会变窄. 这种纳米复合粒子的光学性质对生物分子检测新方法的建立具有重要的意义.     

不同形貌Fe3O4纳米粒子的氧化沉淀法制备与表征

用一种方法成功合成出了球体、四方体、八面体、不规则多面体、三角形和不规则颗粒等六种具有不同形貌的Fe₃O₄纳米粒子，通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了粒子形貌。试样经过X-射线衍射(XRD)表征具有尖晶石结构，且结晶良好。经震动样品磁强计(VSM)测定，各种形貌的Fe₃O₄纳米粒子都具有良好的磁性，其中八面体形貌的Fe₃O₄纳米粒子的饱和磁化强度达到86.56 emu·g^-1，剩磁为10.64 emu·g^-1，矫顽力为138 Oe。讨论了不同形貌的Fe₃O₄纳米粒子的形成机制，得出了晶核的生长环境对纳米粒子的形貌有重要影响的结论。     

Fe3O4@SiO2@polymer复合粒子的制备及在药物控制释放中的应用

本文通过多步反应制备了一种新型的、多层结构的、多功能的磁性纳米复合粒子, (Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@polymer). 纳米复合粒子内核是磁性Fe₃O₄纳米粒子, SiO₂包裹在Fe₃O₄上能够使其稳定分散和保护其不被腐蚀氧化; 中间层是生物相容的聚天冬氨酸(PAsp)载药层; 最外层是亲水的聚乙二醇(PEG)稳定层. 磁性纳米复合粒子各层都是生物相容的, 利用静电作用将抗癌药物阿霉素(DOX)负载在磁性纳米复合粒子中, 通过PAsp的pH响应调节了DOX的释放速率.     

Fe3O4/Au复合微粒制备条件及性质研究

在纳米级Fe₃O₄作为种子, 过量的盐酸羟胺为还原剂的条件下, 将Au³⁺在分散于水相中的Fe₃O₄胶态种子表面还原为Au⁰, 得到核壳结构, 粒径为170 nm左右的Fe₃O₄/Au磁性复合微粒, 并对磁性复合微粒的制备条件进行了优化. 通过激光粒度散射仪和透射电子显微镜分析了不同条件下磁性复合微粒的粒径分布及形貌, 结果表明: Fe₃O₄种子的磁响应性、悬浮稳定性以及种子表面Au³⁺的还原条件等是得到单分散性、粒径均一、磁响应性和悬浮性能好的胶态Fe₃O₄/Au复合微粒的主要影响因素. 通过紫外-可见分光光度计对Fe₃O₄/Au复合微粒的扫描分析发现, 磁性复合微粒在可见光区域呈现与胶体金类似的特征吸收峰, d (0.5) =168 nm的Fe₃O₄/Au磁性复合微粒的最大吸收峰位于波长625 nm处.     

多层多孔Co3O4纳米粒子组装体的合成、表征和电化学性能研究

利用十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)作为表面活性剂,合成了形貌化的CoC₂O₄配合物前驱物,然后在500 ℃下热分解形貌化的前驱物,得到了多层多孔Co₃O₄纳米粒子组装体。采用FESEM、TEM、HRTEM、XRD、N₂吸附脱附和Raman散射等手段对产物进行了分析和表征。低角XRD,TEM和N₂吸附脱附测试表明所得组装体具有多孔结构。常规XRD、HRTEM和Raman结果证明组装体中Co₃O₄纳米粒子建筑块结晶较好。与体相Co₃O₄晶体相比,Co₃O₄纳米粒子组装体的5个拉曼活性峰发生了明显的红移。将Co₃O₄纳米粒子组装体作为锂离子电池的正极材料进行了电化学性能测试,结果表明该组装体电极的首次放电容量为1 115 mAh·g^-1,远高于目前文献报道的Co₃O₄纳米管、纳米粒子和纳米棒电极。但是,该组装体电极的循环性能不好,有待进一步提高。     

Y2O3纳米粒子/碳纳米管复合体的制备及其催化高氯酸铵热分解

采用化学液相沉淀法制备Y2O3纳米粒子/碳纳米管复合体(Y2O3/CNTC),利用扫描电镜(SEM)和X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)对其结构和成分进行了表征. 结果表明, Y2O3纳米粒子能负载在碳纳米管上,且负载效果较好. 采用差热分析研究了Y2O3/CNTC 对高氯酸铵热分解的催化性能, 结果表明, Y2O3 /CNTC 可显著降低高氯酸铵(AP)的高温分解峰温,表现出对AP 高温分解良好的催化性能. 相同量的Y2O3/CNTC 和纯Y2O3纳米粒子进行对比, Y2O3 /CNTC表现出更强的催化性能.当Y2O3/CNTC的质量分数为4%时,使AP的高温分解峰温提前131.14C[deg].     

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-bridged architecture of ternary Bi2O3/MWCNTs/Cu microstructure composite with high catalytic performance via two-step self-assembly

Binary and ternary microstructure composites based on CNTs have potential applications in many technological fields. In our works, we realized MWCNTs-bridged architecture of ternary Bi₂O₃/MWCNTs/Cu microstructure composite by two-step self-assembly. In order to verify its workability, we investigated catalytic performances of a series of additives for ammonium perchlorate (AP) thermal decomposition. The results showed that catalytic performance of Bi₂O₃/MWCNTs/Cu composite was better than those of the other additives, and the peak temperature for high-temperature AP decomposition reduced 151.6 °C; while no low-temperature AP decomposition was observed. MWCNTs have two crucial roles in catalytic enhancement on AP thermal decomposition: firstly, being to act as a supporter which can effectively disperse copper and Bi₂O₃ particles; secondly, being to act as a bridge, excited electrons from semiconductor can conduct and store on the surfaces of MWCNTs, which is beneficial for AP thermal decomposition. Therefore, MWCNTs-bridged architecture can synergistically enhance catalytic effect of copper and Bi₂O₃.     

Improve the catalytic activity of α-Fe2O3 particles in decomposition of ammonium perchlorate by coating amorphous carbon on their surface

Sphere- and pod-like α-Fe₂O₃ particles have been selectively synthesized using NH₃·H₂O and NaOH solution to adjust the pH value of the designed synthetic system, respectively. The sphere-like α-Fe₂O₃ particles with diameter about 25 nm on average were encapsulated into carbon shells to fabricate a novel core-shell composite (α-Fe₂O₃@C) through the coating experiments. The catalytic performance of the products on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) was investigated by thermal gravimetric analyzer (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The thermal decomposition temperatures of AP in the presence of pod-like α-Fe₂O₃, sphere-like α-Fe₂O₃ and α-Fe₂O₃@C are reduced by 72, 81 and 109 °C, respectively, which show that α-Fe₂O₃@C core-shell composites have higher catalytic activity than that of α-Fe₂O₃.     

A Comparison of Catalytic Effect of Nano‐Mn3O4 derived from MnC2O4.2H2O and Mn(acac)3 on Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

The formation and catalytic effect of Mn₃O₄ spinel nanoparticles on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) were investigated and compared to two manganese precursors of MnC₂O₄ · 2H₂O and Mn(acac)₃. The catalytic effects of two coated precursors on AP thermal decomposition were measured by differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The MnC₂O₄ · 2H₂O@AP composite showed a decrease in the decomposition temperature of AP from 428.35 to 310.93 °C in one step, whereas for the Mn(acac)₃@AP composite, the thermal decomposition was seen in two steps at 288.04 and 323.875 °C. The kinetic triplet of activation energy (E_a), frequency factor (log A) and model of mechanism function [f(α)] of thermal decomposition for pure ammonium perchlorate,MnC₂O₄ · 2H₂O@AP and Mn(acac)₃@AP were investigated via two model‐free (FWO, KAS and Starink) and model‐fitting (Starink) methods at different conversions of α (α = 0.05–0.95). Also, the thermodynamic parameters were obtained via activation energy and frequency factor for different concentrations of catalysts.     

Preparation of novel structural nanosized Y2O3 powders and their catalytic activity on the decomposition of NH4ClO4

For the first time, novel structural nanosized Y₂O₃ powders were successfully synthesized by the n-butanol soft-template method. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the products. The results indicate that these products (calcined at 700°C) were comprised of many Y₂O₃ nanomembranes, and the nanomembranes could change into nanorods when calcined at 1000°C. Interestingly, differential thermal analysis studies suggested that the nanosized Y₂O₃ crystals had intense catalytic activity on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate.     

脉冲沉积制备Cu2O/TiO2纳米管异质结的可见光光催化性能

在用阳极氧化法制备有序排列TiO₂纳米管阵列薄膜的基础上,引入脉冲沉积工艺,成功实现了均匀、弥散分布的Cu₂O纳米颗粒修饰改性TiO₂纳米管阵列,形成Cu₂O/TiO₂ 纳米管异质结复合材料. 利用场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）、场发射透射电镜（FETEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）对样品进行表征,重点研究了Cu₂O/TiO₂ 纳米管异质结的光电化学特性和对甲基橙（MO）的可见光催化降解性能. 结果表明,Cu₂O纳米颗粒均匀附着在TiO₂纳米管阵列的管口和中部位置,所制备的Cu₂O/TiO₂ 纳米管异质结具有高效的可见光光催化性能;在浓度为0.01 mol·L^-1的CuSO₄溶液中制得的Cu₂O/TiO₂纳米管异质结表现出最好的电化学特性和光催化性能;另外,对Cu₂O纳米颗粒影响光催化活性的机理进行了讨论.     

磁性TiO2/CoFe2O4纳米复合光催化材料的制备

以磁性CoFe2O4为核,采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法,制备了磁性TiO2/CoFe2O4纳米复合光催化材料.利用VSM(振动样品磁强计)技术对其磁性能进行了研究,结果表明:由该法所得的TiO2/CoFe2O4纳米复合光催化材料的饱和磁化强度虽稍弱于纯CoFe2O4纳米材料,但其矫顽力则优于CoFe2O4.TEM、XRD、UV-Vis等的结果表明,该纳米复合材料中的TiO2为锐钛矿结构;与TiO2相比,纳米复合材料对光的吸收拓展到了整个紫外-可见区,且吸收强度大大增强.对染料废水光催化降解的模拟研究表明,该复合材料在紫外光下,6 h可以使亚甲基蓝染料溶液的脱色率达95%,且重复使用3次时染料溶液的脱色率仍能保持在90%,明显优于纯TiO2.     

One-pot hydrothermal synthesis of reduced graphene oxide/zinc ferrite nanohybrids and its catalytic activity on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Reduced graphene oxide/Zinc ferrite (rGO/ZnFe₂O₄) nanohybrids are successfully decorated on the surface of the rGO sheets through a simple, one-step hydrothermal method. ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) are homogeneously anchored on the rGO sheets. The rGO/ZnFe₂O₄ hybrids are characterized by XRD, FT-IR, XPS, TEM, Raman, BET. The rGO/ZnFe₂O₄ hybrids demonstrate amazing catalytic activity on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP), which is better than that of bare ZnFe₂O₄ NPs. TG-DTA results indicate that the ZnFe₂O₄ NPs in the hybrids with increasing ratio (1%, 3%, 5%) could decrease the second decomposition temperature of AP by 42.7?°C, 55.0?°C, 68.1?°C, respectively, and reduce the apparent activation energy of AP from 160.2?kJ?mol^?1 to 103.8?kJ?mol^?1. This enhanced catalytic performance is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of ZnFe₂O₄ NPs and rGO.     

Ag掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的制备及光电催化降解氨氮废水

采用光化学沉积法、光还原法以及光电沉积法3种不同的掺杂方法 ,通过控制掺杂时间来控制Ag的担载量制备出Ag-TiO2纳米管阵列。采用场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X-射线荧光光谱(PL)对样品进行表征。用氨氮废水的光电催化降解反应评价其催化活性,研究不同的掺杂方法以及不同的Ag担载量对TiO2纳米管阵列光催化性能的影响。结果表明:适量的Ag的引入有利于光催化效率的提高,即Ag的掺杂量存在一个最佳值,光电沉积60 s制备的样品具有最佳的光电催化效率。     

n -Heptane oxidation over co3o4-ceo2 catalyst

The present study reports the catalytic behavior of Co₃O₄-CeO₂ in the oxidation of n-heptane. The results obtained showed that the catalyst give good activity in n-heptane oxidation with high selectivity to carbon dioxide. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.