原子光纤中物质波演化的唯象描述

近来,基于原子光学微结构制作技术的原子集成操作已经能在很高精度上捕陷与导引原子.最近,Luo等人在实验上实现了所谓的原子光纤技术(原子物质波沿着一个25微米长的螺旋型波导走完了完整的两圈路径).本文替该弯曲原子光纤中物质波的时间演化过程提供了一个唯象描述,主要讨论了三个相关问题:(i) 有效哈密顿量的构造;(ii)获得描述弯曲原子光纤中物质波的波函数;(iii)证明该物质波函数恰好是原子动量算符的本征态,表明该唯象模型是自洽的.我们认为本文的唯象模型对于所谓的"原子光学"的研究是有一定意义的.     

采用四根单模光纤束实现消逝波原子(或分子)波导的理论分析

提出了一种利用四根亚微米单模光纤束实现冷原子(或冷分子)波导的新方案，计算了四光纤束内空心区域的消逝波光场及其光学囚禁势.研究表明这种蓝失谐的空心消逝波光场同样可用于实现冷原子(或冷分子)的激光波导，而且与传统的中空光纤原子波导方案相比，不仅简单方便，造价低廉，而且更容易实现冷原子物质波的高效单模波导. 关键词： 单模光纤 消逝波 原子(或分子)波导     

物质波在原子波导中传输时的波导衔接激发

物质波在原子波导中的传播特性是原子光学的重要研究课题之一.在原子光学集成化的设计中，将会遇到物质波从一段波导向另一段不同波导内的传输问题.由于不同波导的物理参数在衔接处的跳变，原子波的传输特性将在波导衔接处产生改变.研究了原子波在两段波导管衔接处的模式激发以及与此相关的物理现象.根据薛定谔方程，利用波导本征模式展开理论，分析了物质波的反射和激发与波导管特征参数以及物质波入射动量之间的关系，并给出了抑制处于基态模的物质波向高阶模式激发的条件. 关键词： 原子光学 原子波导 激发 模式截止     

微原子波导口的量子反射

随着冷原子物理研究的不断深入发展,一个新的应用方向--集成原子光学研究正在兴起.在集成原子光学中,微波导的设计是其关键.理论上,要求微原子波导不仅能相干传输物质波,而且也能相干输出物质波.近来我们对玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体(BEC)在微波导中的传输进行了详细的研究,发现BEC通过微原子波导口输出时出现了非常有趣的量子反射现象.这种量子反射与BEC波包的形状以及微波导口的性质有关.通过详细的数值模拟及理论分析,我们发现微波导口对原子孤子波包的量子反射效应最小.通过求解BEC的非线性G-P方程,以及结合对微波导口的物理模型的构造,我们已从物理本质上对微波导口处相干物质波的量子反射有了深入的理解.在此基础上,我们建议引入新的物理机制来克服微波导口的量子反射.这一研究结果对集成原子光学及微原子波导的设计有实际指导意义.     

部分相干的高斯谢尔模物质波的轨道角动量

部分相干物质波是处于临界温度以上的玻色冷原子气体。密度和一阶关联都满足高斯分布的部分相干物质波是高斯谢尔模(Gauss-Schell model)物质波。本文通过研究高斯谢尔模物质波一阶关联函数的相位结构,揭示出物质波在部分相干情况下的轨道角动量特点。证明扭曲相位是部分相干物质波具有的独特性质,完全相干物质波(如,玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体)不具有此相位。此外,本文举例分析了高斯谢尔模物质波在一个"柱透镜"光脉冲作用下,其轨道角动量的变化情况。     

原子物质波的聚焦及其原子透镜

介绍了原子物质波的聚焦的基本原理，即原子透镜的工作原理，又对几种类型的原子透镜及其对原子物质波聚焦的优劣性进行了介绍，描述了原子透镜在原子光学中的应用。     

用于铯原子受激拉曼绝热输运过程的光源的产生

受激拉曼绝热输运(STIRAP)是一种有效制备和控制原子态的技术,在原子操控和量子信息中具有重要意义,最近几年得到广泛关注.研制用于特定原子的拉曼激光是实现该过程的重要一步.研究了利用光纤波导调制器及干涉滤波器等组成的系统实现用于铯原子STIRAP过程的光源的方法.通过直接调制高频光纤调制器获得正负一级边带,并利用两个...     

非中心对称介质构成的光波导中的孤子传输

众所周知,由非线性Schr?dinger方程描述的光学孤子可以在光纤(由中心对称介质构成的光波导)中稳定传输。本文在理论上证明,在强色散的条件下,非中心对称介质构成的光波导中(比如薄膜波导,晶体光纤等),同样可传输这种光学孤子。由于定义了等效折射率系数,本文的结果还可用来讨论此类波导中与非线性折射率相关的其他非线性光学效应,比如自相位调制效应等。 关键词：     

单侧耦合16通道100GHz硅基二氧化硅阵列波导光栅的研制

介绍了一种新型单侧耦合16通道、100GHz通道间隔的硅基二氧化硅阵列波导光栅(AWG)。通过增加一个Y分支波导结构,将AWG的输入、输出波导等间距整齐排列,仅用一个光纤阵列(FA)就可以对AWG器件进行耦合封装。这种AWG的结构设计可有效地减小器件尺寸和增加波导结构的弯曲半径,可减少器件的抛光和耦合时间,可降低器件的成本。     

聚合物阵列波导光栅波分复用器中波导的弯曲损耗

本文对聚合物阵列波导光栅(AWG)波分复用器中波导的弯曲损耗进行了理论分析。为了使AWG器件中单模传输时波导的弯曲损耗尽量地减小，结合计算实例对波导的弯曲半径、弯曲角度和弯曲弧长等几何参量的选择进行了适当的讨论。     

Index of refraction for cold lithium- and diatomic sodium waves traveling through cold noble gases

In the present paper we propose to measure the index of refraction for diatomic sodium molecules traveling through a cold helium gas. Theoretical calculations of the index of refraction for this system are presented as a function of the molecule velocity and atom gas temperature. Whereas previous theoretical efforts to compute the refractive index have been concerned with atomic systems and atomic matter waves, we extend the investigation to diatomic molecules in the present work. To enable such calculations the potential energy surface for the atom-molecule interaction is calculated ab initio, along with the long range dispersion coefficients for the atom-molecule system. The full close-coupled equations, describing the atom-molecule collisions, are solved numerically to work out the influence of the collisions on the matter waves. We investigate the sensitivity of the results upon changes and inaccuracies in the potential energy surface. Several molecular rotational levels are included in the present study, and the index of refraction is found to depend on the rotational state. In addition, the index of refraction for atomic lithium matter waves traveling through the cold noble gases helium and argon are computed, motivated by a recent experiment with atomic lithium matter waves. Different resonances (glory- and scattering resonances) are identified from the results. Such resonances offer an important opportunity for the comparison of experiment and theory.     

Atom-optics holograms

The temporal evolution of atomic wave packets interacting with object and reference electromagnetic waves is investigated, and an analytical solution for the off-resonant density matrix is presented. It is shown that, under certain physical conditions, the diffraction of an ultracold atomic beam by an inhomogeneous laser field can be interpreted as if the beam passes through a three-dimensional hologram. We show that high diffraction efficiencies can be realized if one restricts the extent of the atomic hologram in the time domain rather than in space. The hologram, thus, can work in a pulsed regime pumping atoms from the beam or from the initial wave packet into the reconstructed matter wave. The suggested regime is well compatible with the Raman cooling methods and the recent realization of an atom laser, which are capable of repeatedly reproducing coherent, or almost coherent, atomic wave packets necessary for the actual implementation of the reading beam. It is found that the diffraction efficiency of such a hologram may reach 100% and is determined by the duration of laser pulses. On this basis, a new method for the reconstruction of the object image with matter waves is offered. The latter may have useful practical applications, ranging from atom lithography, to the manufacturing of microstructures, and quantum microfabrication.     

Localized Asymmetric Atomic Matter Waves in Two-Component Bose-Einstein Condensates Coupled with Two-Photon Microwave Field

We investigate localized atomic matter waves in the two-photon microwave field. Interestingly, the oscillations two-component Bose-Einstein condensates coupled by of localized atomic matter waves will gradually decay and finally become non-oscillating behavior even if existing coupling field. In particular, atom numbers occupied in two different hyperfine spin states will appear asymmetric occupations after some time evolution.     

Optically guided beam splitter for propagating matter waves

We study experimentally and theoretically a beam splitter setup for guided atomic matter waves. The matter wave is a guided atom laser that can be tuned from quasimonomode to a regime where many transverse modes are populated, and propagates in a horizontal dipole beam until it crosses another horizontal beam at 45°. We show that depending on the parameters of this X configuration, the atoms can all end up in one of the two beams (the system behaves as a perfect guide switch), or be split between the four available channels (the system behaves as a beam splitter). The splitting regime results from a chaotic scattering dynamics. The existence of these different regimes turns out to be robust against small variations of the parameters of the system. From numerical studies, we also propose a scheme that provides a robust and controlled beam splitter in two channels only.     

Atomic focusing by quantum fields: Entanglement properties

The coherent manipulation of the atomic matter waves is of great interest both in science and technology. In order to study how an atom optic device alters the coherence of an atomic beam, we consider the quantum lens proposed by Averbukh et al. [1] to show the discrete nature of the electromagnetic field. We extend the analysis of this quantum lens to the study of another essentially quantum property present in the focusing process, i.e., the atom–field entanglement, and show how the initial atomic coherence and purity are affected by the entanglement. The dynamics of this process is obtained in closed form. We calculate the beam quality factor and the trace of the square of the reduced density matrix as a function of the average photon number in order to analyze the coherence and purity of the atomic beam during the focusing process.     

原子激光器与非线性原子光学：现代原子物理学的新进展

介绍了当前原子物理实验研究的两项最新突破：准连续全方位可调谐原子激射器（又称原子激射器）以及世界第一个非线性原子光学实验。前者在实现高亮度、高相干性原子激射器的研究方面迈出了极其重要的一步,后者则首次证明了物质波的多波混频效应,从而开辟了一个崭新的研究领域。     

原子光学讲座第一讲几何与波动原子光学及其器件

文章首先简单介绍了冷原子操纵与控制的基本原理。然后，重点介绍了几何与波动原子光学及其器件的研究内容、潜在应用和最新进展，其中包括：原子束的反射和原子反射镜；原子束偏转（折射）、聚焦成像和原子透镜；原子衍射和原子光栅；原子干涉和原子干涉仪；原子全息学及其技术等。     

Modulated optical lattice as an atomic fabry-perot interferometer

We propose to engineer the atomic band structure in optical lattices in order to design a Fabry-Perot interferometer with large mode spacing and strong nonlinear coupling to be employed in atom optics. The use of an optical lattice allows for a significant reduction of the atomic effective mass, while the slow modulation of its parameters spatially confines the matter waves on a length scale of a few dozen optical wavelengths. As a consequence, the mode spacing in such a cavity would be as high as one-tenth of the recoil energy, allowing for a very efficient filter action, while the nonlinear coupling due to interatomic interactions could lead to bistability and limiting effects in the transmission of the atomic beam.     

Spontaneous emission of light from atoms: the model

We investigate (non‐relativistic) atomic systems interacting with quantum electromagnetic field (QEF). The resulting model describes spontaneous emission of light from a two‐level atom surrounded by various initial states of the QEF. We assume that the quantum field interacts with the atom via the standard, minimal‐coupling Hamiltonian, with the A² term neglected. We also assume that there will appear at most single excitations (photons). By conducting the analysis on a general level we allow for an arbitrary initial state of the QEF (which can be for instance: the vacuum, the ground state in a cavity, or the squeezed state). We derive a Volterra‐type equation which governs the time evolution of the amplitude of the excited state. The two‐point function of the initial state of the QEF, integrated with a combination of atomic wavefunctions, forms the kernel of this equation.     

On the dipole approximation with error estimates

The dipole approximation is employed to describe interactions between atoms and radiation. It essentially consists of neglecting the spatial variation of the external field over the atom. Heuristically, this is justified by arguing that the wavelength is considerably larger than the atomic length scale, which holds under usual experimental conditions. We prove the dipole approximation in the limit of infinite wavelengths compared to the atomic length scale and estimate the rate of convergence. Our results include N-body Coulomb potentials and experimentally relevant electromagnetic fields such as plane waves and laser pulses.