平面与二次曲面相切的充要条件

针对平面与二次曲面相切的条件。根据二次曲面标准方程的五种分类．利用二次曲面上点的切平面的唯一性．给出任一平面与五类二次曲面相切的充要条件，得到一组相关推论，并给出一些应用实例．     

n维二次曲面的切超平面

利用特征根研究n维二次曲面的切超平面问题,给出平面为n维二次曲面的切超平面的充要条件.     

二次曲面的截面面积公式

一般二次曲面被任一平面所截得的截痕一定是椭圆．通过构造Lagrange函数求条件极值的方法。可得有心二次柱面被过原点平面所截得的椭圆面积公式．据此并结合空间解析几何理论,将一般二次曲面的平面截痕视作其射影柱面与该平面的截痕,进而可得一般二次曲面被任一平面截得的平面域的面积公式．     

空间曲面的旋转——伸缩法画图

<正> 在工科“高等数学”教材中,二次曲面的形状一般都是用截痕法进行研究的,即用一系列平行平面截已知二次曲面所得的截线来确定二次曲面的形状,利用截痕法画二次曲面时,     

塞瓦定理在空间的推广

将塞瓦定理推广到三维空间得到结论：P是不在四面体的面所在平面上的一点．且P点不在过棱且平行于对棱的平面上,则四面体的各棱中点,过各棱与点P的平面与对棱所在直线的交点,及过各顶点与点P的直线与四面体对面所在平面的交点和四面体在这个面上的顶点的连线中点．这24个点在同一个二次曲面上．当点P在四面体内或四面体的三面角的对顶角区域内时,24点二次曲面为椭圆面;当点P在四面体的面分空间所成的其它区域内时,24点二次曲面为双曲面或二阶锥面．     

二次曲面和平面位置关系的判式

在解析几何中有二次曲线与直线位置关系的讨论、二次曲面与直线位置关系的讨论,而二次曲面与平面相关位置关系的探讨较少.本文给出二次曲面a11x2+a22y2+a33z2+2a12xy+2a13xz+2a23yz+2a14x+2a24y+2a34z+a44=0(1)和平面Ax+By+Cz+D=0(2)的相对位置的判别式Δ=a11a12a13a14Aa21a22a23a24Ba31a32a33a34Ca41a42a43a44DA B C D0(aij=aji).(3)并证明了:若Δ>0,则二次曲面(1)与平面(2)相交;若Δ=0,则(1)和(2)相切;若Δ<0,则(1)和(2)相离.     

二次曲面作图的原理和技巧

在一般解析几何课本中讨论和绘制二次曲面的图形,都是采用“平行截线法”,即是用平行于坐标平面的平面去截二次曲面,得到平截线,这样的平截线是二次曲线,画出一些这样的二次曲线及二次曲面的轮廓线,即得所要求作的二次曲面的近似形象的方法。但是为什么和怎样把它们画成那个样子?其作图原理是什么? 解析几何课本中的二次曲面,如中学立体几何课本中的直观图一样,都是根据轴测投影的原理来画的。在学习数学中,经常要画直观图。我们知道,正确的直观图能明显地表示出空间形体的几何关系。通过直观图的直观作用,对原有空间形体产生了清楚的观念,这样有助于对图形性质的理解,从而使我们在进行定理论证或习题解答时的逻辑推理导向正确的途径。在数学教学工作中,也经常要画黑板图和直观挂图。成功     

正投影法在解析几何教学中的应用

本文探讨了正投影与面积、外积、仿射对应等概念之间的联系,运用正投影思想研究了双曲抛物面的直母线的几何性质,得到了判别二次曲面与平面截交线类型的统一方法,从而说明在解析几何教学中融入正投影法的重要性.     

二次曲面方程分类与化简的新方法

通过对二次曲面方程配方变形,根据直线与二次曲面相交时参数t的几何意义,以及仿射变换的性质,得到了二次曲面方程分类与化简的一种新方法,从而解决了利用坐标系的平移、旋转、不变量对二次曲面方程进行分类、化简时运算复杂或者无法确定图形具体位置等问题.     

二次曲面的几个性质

介绍了二次曲面的切线的几个性质 ,把二次曲线的类似性质推广到了二次曲面 .     

On a special case of the intersection of quadric and cubic surfaces

The intersection curve between two surfaces in three-dimensional real projective space RP³ is important in the study of computer graphics and solid modelling. However, much of the past work has been directed towards the intersection of two quadric surfaces. In this paper we study the intersection curve between a quadric and a cubic surface and its projection onto the plane at infinity. Formulas for the plane and space curves are given for the intersection of a quadric and a cubic surface. A family of cubic surfaces that give the same space curve when we intersect them with a quadric surface is found. By generalizing the methods in Wang et al. (2002) [6] that are used to parametrize the space curve between two quadric surfaces, we give a parametrization for the intersection curve between a quadric and a cubic surface when the intersection has a singularity of order 3.     

Zur Kennzeichnung von Quadriken unter den Kegelschnittflächen

A surface, generated by a one-parameter family of conics in projective 3-space, such that the tangent planes along a generating conic form a quadric cone, is called a surface of Blutel [1]. The surface is said to be of hyperbolic type, if the characteristic line of the plane of a generating conic intersects it in two different real points s₁, s₂. Formerly [5] it was shown that such a surface must be a quadric if it is unbranched along the curves, generated by s₁, s₂, these points not being stationary. In the present paper analogous results are established in the remaining cases when one or both points s₁, s₂ are fixed.

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Herrn Prof. Dr. K. Strubecker zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet     

Models for CR-manifolds of type (1,K) for 3≤K≤7 and their automorphisms

Models similar to the tangent quadric are constructed for surfaces with one-dimensional complex tangent space. It is shown that these models possess the main properties of the tangent quadric. Their groups and algebras of automorphisms are found. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 67, No. 3, pp. 452–459, March, 2000.     

二次曲线与其任意两条切线所围面积为定常值的问题研究

本文得到了二次曲线的任意两条相交切线与曲线本身围成的面积如果为定常值，则切线交点的轨迹仍为同类型二次曲线．又若给定两条同类的二次曲线，由其中一条上的每一点向另一条引出两条切线，则这两条切线与另一条曲线围成的面积为定常值．     

二次曲线局部与整体的关系

用射影几何知识讨论欧氏平面上二次曲线局部与整体的关系,讨论如何通过二次曲线的一些已知点与切线判断它的类型,作出它的对称轴,渐近线,焦点与准线.     

Invariants and Bonnet-type theorem for surfaces in ℝ4

In the tangent plane at any point of a surface in the four-dimensional Euclidean space we consider an invariant linear map ofWeingarten-type and find a geometrically determined moving frame field. Writing derivative formulas of Frenet-type for this frame field, we obtain eight invariant functions. We prove a fundamental theorem of Bonnet-type, stating that these eight invariants under some natural conditions determine the surface up to a motion. We show that the basic geometric classes of surfaces in the four-dimensional Euclidean space, determined by conditions on their invariants, can be interpreted in terms of the properties of two geometric figures: the tangent indicatrix, which is a conic in the tangent plane, and the normal curvature ellipse. We construct a family of surfaces with flat normal connection.     

Congruence classes of Frenet curves in complex quadrics

Congruent classes of Frenet curves of order 2 in the complex quadric are studied, obtaining that each congruence class is a level set of a family of certain smooth functions, that are generalizations of isoparametric functions on the unit sphere in the tangent space of the complex quadric.