创新教学方法,助力本科生科研创新能力培养——"扶-牵-引-放"四步教学法

人才培养是高校最主要的职责。本科阶段是科研创新型人才培养的关键时期,而实验教学是提高本科生科研创新能力、培养应用型人才的重要环节。本文系统介绍了在"基础型-综合型-探究型-设计型"多层次、递进式分析化学实验教学过程中,如何运用"扶-牵-引-放"四步教学法,循序渐进地培养学生发现、分析问题和解决问题的综合实验能力,进而培养学生求异思维和创新能力,实现了知识和技能传授与科研创新素质培养并重的教学目的。     

建构主义知识论在《高分子流变学》课程教学中的运用

随着国家对应用型和创新型人才的需求不断增加,大学教育特别是研究生的人才培养模式势必也要做出相应的调整,而教学方法改革是人才培养模式改革的重要环节。课程的学习很大程度上影响着学生的科研能力,如何通过专业课程的教学培养学生扎实的专业理论基础与一定的实践能力,显得非常重要。本文旨在以《高分子流变学》课程为例,将建构主义知识论与课程教学实践相结合,以学生的学习为本,对具体教学方法进行改革,摸索抛锚式教学模式在教学中的应用。     

浙江大学求是化学班人才培养的多层次科研实践体系

浙江大学化学系在求是化学班的培养过程中,以基础学科拔尖创新人才为培养目标,注重提升本科生科研能力,依托学科优势,从科研基础知识体系构建、科研思维模式拓展和科研创新实践能力强化等方面构筑分阶段、分层次、多平台、多模式的科研实践培养体系。该体系总体上以科研训练为主线,从广度科研认知到深度科研实践,融通校内第一、二课堂和校外第三、四课堂,贯穿整个拔尖人才培养过程。经过多年的探索与实践,该科研实践体系在培养学生的科研能力、创新思维和国际视野等方面已经初见成效。     

基于专业课程培养本科生创新精神和科研能力——以无机合成化学为例

以无机合成化学为例进行了基于专业课程培养本科生创新精神和科研能力的教学方法改革,探索以专业课程为载体加强本科生创新精神和科研能力的培养,提高学生在学习中的主体地位,培养勤于思考、敢于怀疑、勇于创新的素质和精神,提升科研能力,形成终身学习的能力和习惯。教学改革取得了一定的成效。     

国内外化学专业教学方式和方法的改革与探索——高等化学教育咨询评议项目系列之二

以山东大学和美国伊利诺伊州立大学香槟分校为基础并结合其他高校的一些做法,对国内外大学的分级教学、教学方式方法、教学层次与效果等进行了对比分析。结果表明,国外大学比较注意教育理念、教学方式和方法,能够有意识地培养学生的兴趣、调动学生学习的积极性,注重教学效果的检测和评价,教学层次和效果明显较高。指出如何改变教育理念和教学方式方法是我国化学类专业实现人才培养目标的关键。     

基于科研训练的本科生创新型人才的培养改革与实践

结合浙江工业大学本科生科研训练的现状,首先论述了目前本科生科研训练存在的问题,并以浙江工业大学材料科学与工程学院为试点,提出了以科研训练课程群建设和活动平台建设为基础,以"导师制"为抓手的多元化的科研训练培养形式。改革与实践的具体内容涉及人才培养过程的优化、实验教学的提升、教学方法的改革以及学生综合素质的全面提高。初步的改革实践成效表明,科研训练实践改革的实施,在提高学生科研素质方面取得了很好的效果。经过3年的探索和实践,我们体会到较早开展科研训练,努力促使科研优势转化为教学优势,可丰富研究型人才的培养内容,对培养和提高学生的科研能力有着重要的意义。     

非化学专业有机化学实验教学中对学生科研思维的培养

研究型大学对学生科研思维的培养至关重要,有机化学实验作为近化学专业类学生重要的基础实验课程,对学生操作技能、创新能力和科研思维培养有重要作用。本文以非化学专业本科生有机化学实验"大学化学实验(O)"的教学实践为例,从学生学习方式、教师教学方法、实验教学内容设置等方面阐述如何在教学过程中完成对学生科研思维的培养。     

“铁盐+空气”催化氧化体系在绿色交叉偶联反应中的应用——推荐一个本科生科研训练项目

为深入开展创新创业教育与实践,培养学生创新创业能力,提高本科生人才培养质量,进一步推动创新创业教育改革,南开大学开展了“国家级大学生创新创业训练计划”项目。化学学院结合学科自身特点,践行科教融合、理论联系实际的培养方法,不仅能够引导本科生积极参加科研训练,还能将本科生的创新结果应用于实际生产中。实现“科研反哺教学”与“教学支撑科研”这样一个相互补充、相互促进的统一体。本文介绍了一组比较典型的本科生参与“国创”项目的例子,从项目准备入手介绍了该“国创”项目的具体实施过程、同学们所遇困难及收获心得等,希望将我们积累的一些经验与化学相关专业的同学分享,助力他们更好地完成创新项目。     

实践教学过程中培养大学生科研素质的初步探索

地方院校大学生科研素质整体水平普遍不高,在实践教学过程中探索提高大学生科研素质是实现人才培养目标的重要途径之一。以池州学院为例,结合作者自身的教学、科研经验,提出了一些具体改进措施,以期为普通地方本科高校相关专业的实践教学探索提供参考。通过开展专业情感教育、重组和优化实验教学内容激发学生参与实验的激情,通过重视基础实验、开设探索性、综合性实验项目,采用实验教学与科学研究相结合的教学模式,吸收本科生参与科学研究,加强毕业论文环节教师的引导作用,旨在培养和提高学生的实践能力和创新能力,培养学生基本的科研能力。     

化学教学中培养学生合作学习能力的实验研究

学生合作学习能力高低直接影响到合作学习的质量和效率。如何在学科教学中培养学生的合作学习能力并对它进行发展性评价,是许多教育工作者所要面对和探讨的问题。本文通过实验对这一问题进行了研究,得出了高中化学教学中运用合作学习教学策略和合作学习能力发展性评价,能有效地提高学生的合作学习能力和学习成绩;使独生子女与非独生子女的合作学习能力水平缩小到无显著性差异;对不同性别高中生的合作学习能力发展水平没有显著性影响等结论。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.