窄带隙Pr0.6Ca0.4MnO3体系的电荷有序和多重磁化转变

研究了窄带隙Pr0.6Ca0.4MnO3体系的电荷有序及低温下的团簇玻璃现象.实验表明,样品具有典型的相分离特征,在高温区于241K左右发生电荷有序(Charge Ordering,CO)转变,在高的外加磁场下破坏了样品的电荷有序和反铁磁,使材料发生绝缘-金属转变.在低温下(T～41 K),形成自旋玻璃态(Spin Glass,SG).发现了存在于低温团簇玻璃相中的多重磁化跳跃现象,利用外场作用下AFM团簇中磁矩的翻转而导致铁磁成分的增加对实验结果给予了初步解释,证明了磁场作用对Pr0.6Ca0.4MnO3的CO与团簇玻璃态冻结之间的直接关联作用.     

内耗测量在钙钛矿结构Mn基氧化物研究中的应用

运用内耗测量技术系统地研究了空穴型和电子型掺杂锰氧化物的相分离行为。对于La0．67，Ca0．33MnO3样品，在铁磁金属区，内耗温度曲线Q^-1（T）上观察到与电子相分离有关的内耗峰。此外，我们在顺磁区观察到与磁团簇形成有关的内耗峰。磁测量的结果也证明了在顺磁区Griffiths相的存在。采用内耗、电阻和杨氏模量原位测量的方法研究了La5／8-yPryCa3／8MnO3（y=0．35）中电流对电荷有序相的影响。较大的电流破坏了电荷有序态，导致电阻率降低，同时杨氏模量也有相应的变化。通过分析表明，在La5／8-yPryCa3／8MnO3（y=0．35）中存在相分离行为，即电荷有序相和铁磁金属相共存。对于电子型掺杂的Sr0．8Ce0．2MnO3和Bi0.4Ca0．5MnO3样品，通过内耗实验同样给出了相分离的证据。在外加磁场下的内耗实验表明，Sr0．8Ce0．2MnO3顺磁区的内耗峰起源于非关联的磁团簇的形成。对于电荷有序体系Bi0.4Ca0．5MnO3由于电荷有序和电荷无序畴壁运动而导致的内耗峰被观测到。研究表明，对于空穴型和电子型掺杂锰氧化物，实验中观察到的相分离行为可能是由于MnO3八面体的Jahn-Teller畸变所导致。实验结果显示了内耗测量技术对研究强关联电子体系Mn基氧化物相分离行为是十分有效的工具。     

Co掺杂对La5／8Ca3／8MnO3体系铁磁有序的影响与电子的局域化效应

系统研究了强关联锰氧化物La5／8Ca3／8Mn1-xCoxO3（x=0，0．05）体系的结构和输运特性．结果表明，样品均为很好的正交O′单相结构，Mn位5％Co掺杂明显影响了样品铁磁—顺磁（FM-PM）转变和金属-绝缘体（M-I）转变，M-I转变温度TM-I从未掺杂时的271K降至227K，对应的峰值电阻率ρp增大；随着TM-I的降低，Tc同时降低，磁电阻MR％亦相应增加；La5／8Ca3／8MnO3样品在Tc以下表现出长程铁磁有序态，Mn位5％Co掺杂样品则表现为团簇玻璃型短程铁磁有序行为．证明Co掺杂引起电子的局域化效应乃是导致体系输运行为发生变化的主要原因．同时，从Mn^3＋-O^2--Mn^4＋双交换（DE）作用和超交换（SE）相互作用机制等出发，对样品的输运行为、CMR效应以及与Co掺杂之间的关联进行了讨论．     

Nd0.5Ca0.5Mn0.97Co0.03O3体系的超声研究

系统研究了Nd0.5Ca0.5Mn0.97Co0.03O3单相多晶样品在低温下的电磁性质和超声特性.超声测量结果表明,体系在低温下超声声速出现异常,超声声速从室温开始随着温度的降低逐渐减小,并在220K附近声速达到最小,其相对变化(ΔV/V)超过2%.之后,随着温度的进一步降低,声速急剧硬化,其相对变化达到14.5%.分析表明这是由于体系中电-声子相互作用导致的电荷有序态转变的结果,该电声子耦合来源于Mn3 的JahnTeller效应.同时,该体系在100K左右出现了金属绝缘体转变同时伴随着铁磁相变,分析表明在低温下Co离子与Mn离子之间存在着铁磁交换作用,因此微量的Co掺杂会在反铁磁区域内形成部分铁磁小团簇,当铁磁团簇连通后,体系由反铁磁电荷有序态(AFMCO)向铁磁金属态(FMM)转变.研究结果表明了样品在电荷有序相变温度TCO与金属绝缘体转变温度TMI之间(TMI相似文献   

Mn位W掺杂对La0.3Ca0.7MnO3电荷有序相的破坏及磁性质影响

采用固相反应法制备了样品La0.3Ca0.7Mn1-xWxO3(x=0.00,0.12,0.15).通过测量样品的M～T曲线、M～H曲线和ESR曲线,研究了Mn位W掺杂对La0.3Ca0.7MnO3电荷有序相的破坏及磁性质的影响.结果表明:当x=0.00时,在262K时形成电荷有序相(CO相);当T>262K时,表现为顺磁;当T<190K时,表现为长程反铁磁(在AFM本底中存在少量FM成分),AFM/CO态共存;从262K(TCO)到190K,随温度降低在电荷有序态下从顺磁向反铁磁转变.当x≈0.12时,在170K～180K残留CO相,而当x=0.15时,CO相消失,体系存在一个CO态融化过程,在极低温下存在顺磁铁磁(PMFM)相变.     

Gd掺杂对La0.67Sr0.33CoO3、 La0.67Sr0.33MnO3体系磁行为的影响

通过实验研究了La0.67-xGdxSr0.33CoO3、La0.67-xGdxSr0.33MnO3(x=0.00、0.05、0.10、0.20、0.30、0.40、0.50、0.60、0.67)体系的磁化强度与温度的关系(M～T)曲线、磁化强度与磁场强度的关系(M～H)曲线.实验结果表明,随Gd掺杂浓度增高,La0.67-xGdxSr0.33CoO3体系的磁结构表现为团簇玻璃态,x>0.10样品的M～T曲线出现了低温区M值急剧上升的奇特现象;La0.67-xGdxSr0.33MnO3体系的磁结构从长程铁磁有序向团簇玻璃态、反铁磁状态转变,x≥0.50样品的M～T曲线在低温区急剧下降.两种体系呈现的不同现象,来源于Gd与Co、Mn不同的耦合作用和Co的自旋态的转变.     

磁场对La2-x-yNdySrxCuO4体系电荷条纹相的影响

最近的研究结果表明在La2-x-yNdySrxCuO4体系中，静态电荷条纹的形成以及动态电荷条纹的运动都和晶格有一定的耦合．基于此，我们通过超声衰减测量研究了磁场对La2-x-yNdySrxCuO4（x=0．12，y=0,0．4 and x=0．04，y=0）体系中电荷条纹的影响．对La1．48Nd0．4Sr0．12CuO4。我们发现70K附近对应于静态电荷条纹形成的超声衰减峰以及此温度以下超声声速的异常硬化在零场和14T的强磁场下基本没有变化，说明静态电荷有序非常稳定，磁场对其没有影响．但是对La1．88Sr0．12CuO4样品。由于超导电性占主导地位，静态电荷序的形成被压制在很低的温度（10K以下）．我们发现低温下的超声衰减峰及声速硬化随磁场的增加而逐渐向高温方向移动，同时低温下的声速硬化加强．这意味着磁场能够钉扎La1．88Sh0.12CuO4中的动态电荷条纹．这一实验结果为La系超导体中静态电荷有序与超导电性之间的竞争提供了了进一步的证据．随着磁场的加强，超导序逐渐被压制，静态电荷序得以显现．La1．96Sr0．04CuO4的超声衰减特性测量结果显示，在团簇玻璃态下由于作为团簇畴壁的电荷条纹的运动而导致的超声能量损耗不随磁场发生变化．     

V替代Mn对La_(0.45)Ca_(0.55)MnO_3电荷有序相及自旋玻璃态的影响

用固相反应法制备了La0.45Ca0.55Mn1-xVxO3(x=0.00,0.10)多晶样品.通过X射线衍射谱、质量磁化强度-温度曲线、电子自旋共振谱,研究了V5+替代Mn3+/Mn4+对La0.45Ca0.55MnO3电荷有序相和自旋玻璃态的影响.实验结果表明,当x=0.10时,不仅母体的电荷有序相基本破坏,而且母体在40K左右出现的自旋玻璃态也被融化.电荷有序相被破坏的主要原因是用V5+替代Mn3+/Mn4+后,增加了Mn3+与Mn4+的比例,使铁磁双交换作用优于反铁磁超交换作用;自旋玻璃态的融化是由于V替代Mn后破坏了反铁磁背景下有少量铁磁成分的自旋玻璃态的形成条件.     

Pr0．45（Ca1-xSrx）0．55MnO3体系调带宽引起的磁相变及电输运性质转变

采用固相法制备了Pr0．45（Ca1-xSrx）0．55MnO3（x=0．0,0．2,0．4,0．6,0．8,1．0）多晶样品．通过测量样品的X射线衍射（XRD）谱、磁化强度-温度（M～T）曲线、电阻率-温度（ρ～T）曲线,研究了Sr^2＋替代Ca^2＋对Pr0．45Ca0．55MnO3体系磁性和电性的影响．实验发现：...     

Cr掺杂对Bi0.5Ca0.5MnO3磁性和电输运性质的影响

通过对M～T曲线、M～H曲线和P～T曲线的测量,研究了Bi0.5Ca0.5Mn1-xCrxO3(O≤x≤0.12)系列样品的磁性和电输运特性.结果表明,随Cr掺杂量的增加,反铁磁转变和电荷有序转变分别在x～0.03和x～0.12相继消失.低温下始终出现自旋玻璃或团簇玻璃行为,说明存在反铁磁与铁磁的相互竞争.对电阻率数据的拟合表明,所有组分载流子的电输运可用可变程跃迁描述.我们用相分离的图象解释了相关现象.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.