大体积进样-浓缩柱在线富集-离子色谱法测定水中痕量及超痕量溴酸盐

建立了一种测定水中痕量及超痕量溴酸盐的在线富集大体积进样离子色谱法。采用实验室常备的柱容量较高的Dionex IonPac AG23保护柱作为浓缩柱,连接在定量环处富集溴酸盐。淋洗液自动发生装置在线生成高纯度氢氧化钾淋洗液进行梯度洗脱,抑制电导检测。实验结果表明:溴酸盐质量浓度范围在0.05~51.2 μg/L之间时线性关系良好,相关系数r≥0.9995,方法检出限为0.01 μg/L。与常规进样相比,进样量可高达5 mL,浓缩因子约为240倍。本方法成功应用于市售纯净水中溴酸盐的测定,2个加标水平的回收率在90%~100%之间,RSD(n=6)为2.1%~6.4%。该方法无需前处理,操作简单,准确度和精密度良好。通过大体积进样实现高倍富集,适用于痕量及超痕量溴酸盐的分析。     

在线样品前处理大体积进样离子色谱法直接测定海水中亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐和磷酸盐

采用戴安公司谱睿(Pre)在线样品除氯技术,结合OnGuard Ba柱去除硫酸盐,建立了离子色谱直接测定海水中亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐和磷酸盐的方法。该方法以IonPac AG23为富集柱,高容量IonPac AS23为分离柱,淋洗液自动发生装置在线产生KOH溶液进行梯度淋洗,抑制电导检测。实验结果表明: 样品稀释5～10倍时,直接进样不会干扰目标物测定。当流速为1 mL/min、进样量为500 μL时,海水中NO~2-N、NO~3-N、PO3~4-P的方法检出限分别为0.3、0.4、0.2 μg/L,线性范围分别为10～500 μg/L、14～680 μg/L、3.4～170 μg/L,线性相关系数r均大于0.9990。测得人工海水样品中目标物的加标回收率为92%～106%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=6)为1.2%～7.7%。该方法一次进样可在13 min内完成分析,具有操作简单快捷、无污染等优点,能满足近海海水中NO~2、NO~3、PO3~4的定量分析要求。     

DX-300离子色谱测定山地冰川雪冰中的有机酸与无机酸阴离子

 利用AS4A SC分离柱 ,AG4A SC保护柱 ,ASRS Ⅱ抑制器 ,TAC 2阴离子富集柱和ATC 1阴离子捕集柱 ,以四硼酸钠 (Na2 B4O7)为淋洗液试剂 ,2 5mmol/LH2 SO4为化学抑制的再生液 ,采用梯度淋洗方式 ,对中国天山乌鲁木齐河源一号冰川雪冰中的生物有机酸和无机酸阴离子进行了测试分析。 2mL雪冰融水样品可在 16min内通过一次进样检测出氟离子、乙酸根离子、甲酸根离子、丙酮酸根离子、一氯乙酸根离子、氯离子、亚硝酸根离子、溴离子、硝酸根离子、磷酸根离子、硫酸根离子和草酸根离子共 10多种有机酸和无机酸阴离子。     

柱切换离子色谱法测定丙酮中痕量阴离子

建立了测定丙酮中痕量阴离子的离子色谱分析方法.采用的是高效液相柱切换进样,其中泵的流速为0.5 mL/min,使低浓度的丙酮水溶液在保护柱上富集,通过离子色谱抑制电导法分离和检测丙酮样品中痕量的阴离子.色谱条件为:以IonPacAG9-HC(50 mm×2 mm)型柱串联在定量环中进行富集,IonPacAG9-HC(50 mm×2 mm)保护柱,IonPac AS9-HC(250 mm×2 mm)阴离子分离柱进行分离,流动相为9 mmol/L Na2CO3-1.667 mol/L NaHCO3,所得回收率在96.21%～101.56%之间,线性良好,且具有较好的重现性和较低的检出限.     

在线络合阴离子交换柱分离富集电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定海水中痕量钼

采用在线阴离子交换柱预富集ICP-AES法测定海水和河水中痕量钼。在0.2mol/L NaN_3、0.1mol/L NH_4Ac和3％HAc溶液(pH4.5)中,Mo(Ⅵ)与HN_3形成络阴离子,能被强碱性阴离子交换树脂吸附,并能迅速被1 mol/L NH_4Cl/NH_4OH所洗脱。上柱及洗脱均由自动在线富集装置所控制。与常规方法比较,5ml上柱体积的富集倍数为7.0。对标准参考物质海水及河水样品进行测定,结果与定值吻合。     

在线中和富集-离子色谱法测定高纯氢氧化钠中痕量阴离子

建立了在线中和、富集待测离子后用离子色谱对高纯氢氧化钠中痕量阴离子进行检测的分析方法。样品经超纯水溶解、稀释后直接进样。试样经外接纯水输送至In Guard H消除OH-基体干扰,然后经过富集柱浓缩待测阴离子,再经阀切换技术进入离子色谱系统,以淋洗液发生器产生的KOH为淋洗液,流速为1.0m L/min,采用Ion Pac AS11-HC分析柱分离后,电导检测器检测。结果表明,在0.1~10.0 mg/L的线性范围内,氯离子、硫酸根、氯酸根的线性相关系数分别为0.999 8,0.999 6和0.999 2。方法对于氯离子、硫酸根、氯酸根的检出限分别为0.03,0.07,0.06 mg/kg,加标回收率分别为92%~104%,91%~111%和92%~106%,相对标准偏差(n=7)均小于2.0%。     

双抑制在线基体去除-离子色谱法测定电池级碳酸锂中痕量阴离子

建立了一种测定电池级碳酸锂中痕量阴离子的方法。用超纯水超声辅助溶解碳酸锂,采用在线基体去除法去除碳酸锂基体,基体去除过程中,样品首先流入到ADRS600(4 mm)抑制器(抑制电流150 mA,抑制器再生液外接水流速2 mL/min)中,在抑制器内通过离子交换膜作用,碳酸锂中的锂离子与氢离子置换,碳酸锂变成碳酸;然后经过CRD 200(4 mm),碳酸以二氧化碳的形式排出离子色谱系统,从而达到去除碳酸锂基体的目的;最后待分析阴离子被自动富集在IonPac UTAC-LP2浓缩柱(35 mm×3 mm)上,通过阀切换技术将阴离子自动转移到色谱分析系统中。在色谱分析系统中,以IonPac AG18(50 mm×2 mm)为保护柱,IonPac AS18(250 mm×2 mm)为分析柱,柱温箱为30℃, KOH溶液为淋洗液进行梯度洗脱,泵流速0.30 mL/min,抑制器为ADRS600(2 mm),抑制电流25 mA,进样体积为250μL,检测器为电导检测器。结果显示：F^-、Cl^-、NO₂^-、Br     

在线富集离子色谱-质谱联用法同时测定饲料添加剂中的16种有机酸

建立了在线富集方式结合离子色谱-质谱(IC-MS)快速分离分析16种有机酸的方法。离子色谱配备自制富集柱和分离柱对有机酸进行在线富集和分离;质谱采用大气压化学电离源负离子电离方式(APCI^-),在选择离子监控(SIM)模式下对有机酸进行定性和定量分析。采用200 μL大体积进样,在线富集时间为3 min,以NaOH溶液作为淋洗液,梯度洗脱。结果表明,富集柱和分离柱对有机酸有很好的富集分离能力;16种有机酸在30 min内完全洗脱,并在一定浓度范围内线性关系良好;方法检出限(LODs)为0.01~0.22 mg/L;加标回收率为70.6%~110.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤6.3%。该方法样品前处理简单,分离速度快,有机酸检测灵敏度高,适用于多种饲料添加剂样品中有机酸添加剂的检测。     

离子色谱柱切换在线前处理法同时测定皮革及织物中的三价铬与六价铬离子

采用一根NG1反相色谱柱作为前处理柱在线去除样品中的水溶性有机基质,建立了离子色谱柱切换技术同时测定CrⅢ与CrⅥ的方法。进样前,先将待测样品水溶液与一定浓度的乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)溶液充分反应,使其中的CrⅢ络合生成阴离子产物,该阴离子产物在可见光范围内有较强吸收;进样后,样品中的离子经前处理柱分离后被收集在2 mL接收环内,通过柱切换技术,淋洗液将接收环内的离子带至阴离子分析柱中分离,CrⅥ与1,5-二苯卡巴肼(DPC)溶液进行衍生化反应后与CrⅢ的EDTA络合物在同一波长下有较强吸收,由此可完成对两种离子的同波长测定。在优化的实验条件下,CrⅢ与CrⅥ的线性范围分别为0.3~10 mg/L(r=0.9991),0.05~2 mg/L(r=0.9992),检出限分别为80.78和6.67μg/L(信噪比S/N=3),将3 mg/L CrⅢ与0.3 mg/L CrⅥ标准溶液连续进样6次,得到的色谱保留时间及峰面积相对标准偏差均小于3%;将本方法应用于皮革中CrⅢ与CrⅥ的检测,加标回收率为88.7%~108.5%。实验结果表明,本方法用于皮革及织物中铬离子的检测,具有快速、灵敏、选择性好等优点。     

在线富集毛细管液相色谱法分析脂溶性维生素和β-胡萝卜素

以硅胶基质ODS整体柱为分离柱, 建立了毛细管液相色谱-紫外/可见光度法测定脂溶性维生素和β-胡萝卜素的方法. 对流动相组成、流速、样品溶解液和进样体积等参数进行了系统优化, 采用溶剂梯度区带压缩效应作为在线富集技术来提高检测灵敏度. 与传统的进样方式相比, 采用溶剂梯度区带压缩在线富集技术时, 在不损失分辨率的前提下, 可通过增大进样体积将脂溶性维生素和β-胡萝卜素的检测灵敏度提高34～60倍. 方法可用于检测玉米中的痕量维生素E.     

离子色谱法测定核电站一回路冷却剂中痕量F~-,Cl~-和SO_4~(2-)

建立离子色谱法测定核电站一回路冷却剂中痕量氟离子F~-,氯离子Cl~-,硫酸根离子SO_4~(2-)的方法。采用80 mmol/L硼酸溶液配合氢氧化钾淋洗液发生器在线生成淋洗液,梯度洗脱,淋洗液流量为1.2 mL/min,在选定的分析条件下,NO_2~-,NO_3~-,PO_4~(3-)和CO_3~(2-)不干扰F~-,Cl~-,SO_4~(2-)的测定。F~-,Cl~-,SO_4~(2-)的质量浓度与其色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数分别为0.999 8,0.999 5,0.999 7,线性范围分别为0.85~30.0,2.65~30.0,2.00~30.0μg/L。F~-,Cl~-,SO_4~(2-)测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为0.56%~1.58%,0.85%~3.62%,1.21%~4.60%(n=7)。F~-,Cl~-,SO_4~(2-)的加标回收率分别为98%~104%,98%~108%,93%~108%。该方法快速、准确,满足核电站一回路冷却剂中痕量F~-,Cl~-,SO_4~(2-)的检测要求。     

Matrix influences on the determination of common ions by using ion chromatography part 1--determination of inorganic anions

Ion chromatography is the most popular instrumental analytical method used for the determination of anions and cations in water and wastewater. Isocratic ion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection is frequently used in laboratories carrying out routine analyses of inorganic anions. The paper presents the results of the research into the influence of selected inorganic anions dominant in environmental samples (Cl(-), NO(3)(-), SO(4)(2-)) on the possibility of simultaneous determination of F(-), Cl(-), NO(2)(-), NO(3)(-), PO(4)(3-) and SO(4)(2-) with the application of this most popular ion chromatography type in standard separation conditions. Four Dionex and four Metrohm anion-exchange columns were tested in standard separation conditions recommended by their manufacturers with both standard solutions and environmental samples with complex matrix.     

流动注射化学发光离子交换法研究Ⅰ.化学发光阴离子交换树脂的研制及应用

本文研制了一种新型的由强碱性阴离子交换树脂(OH形式),转换成N-(β-羧基丙酰基)异鲁米诺(简称CPIL)化学发光形式的阴离子交换树脂.试液中的阴离子将树脂上的发光剂阴离子(CPIL^-)交换出来与H~2O~2-Fe(CN)~6^3^-反应,产生化学发光,化学发光的强度与试液中的阴离子浓度成正比.由此建立的流动注射化学发光离子交换测定技术,应用于CI^-,Br^-,NO^-~2,NO^-~3,SO^2^-~4等阴离子的测定,对不同的阴离子检测限为8.0×10^-^7mol.dm^-^3-1.4×10^-^6mol.dm^-^3,线性范围可达两个数量极(1×10^-^6mol.dm^-^3-1×10^-^4mol.dm^-^3).     

Selective recognition of monohydrogen phosphate by fluorescence enhancement of a new cerium complex

Bis(8-hydroxy quinoline-5-solphonate) cerium(III) chloride (Ce(QS)(2)Cl) (L) was synthesized and then used as a novel fluorescent sensor for anion recognition. Preliminarily study showed that fluorescence of L enhanced selectively in the presence of HPO(4)(2-) ion. This enhancement is attributed to a 1:1 complex formation between L and HPO(4)(2-) anion. The association constant of 1:1 complex of L-HPO(4)(2-) was calculated as 3.0×10(6). Thus, L was utilized as a basis for a selective detection of HPO(4)(2-) anion in solution. The linear response range of the proposed fluorescent chemo-sensor covers a concentration range of HPO(4)(2-) from 3.3×10(-7) to 5.0×10(-6) mol L(-1) with a detection limit of 2.5×10(-8) mol L(-1). L showed selective and sensitive fluorescence enhancement response toward HPO(4)(2-) ion in comparison with I(3)(-), NO(3)(-), CN(-), CO(3)(2-), Br(-), Cl(-), F(-), H(2)PO(4)(-) and SO(4)(2-) ions. It was probably attributed to the higher stability of the inorganic complex between HPO(4)(2-) ion and L. The method was successfully applied for analysis of phosphate ions in some fertilizers samples.     

Detection of binuclear copper-caffeine complexes under electrospray ionization condition

A number of copper salts, Cu(OOCCH(3))(2), Cu(ClO(4))(2), Cu(NO(3))(2), CuCl(2) and CuSO(4) have been tested for their ability to form binuclear copper-caffeine complexes. The electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectra of methanol solution containing caffeine and CuCl(2) or CuSO(4) show signals of two copper atom containing ions, so the signals correspond to binuclear complexes: [2Caf + Cu(2)SO(4)](+), [2Caf + Cu(2)](+), [2Caf + Cu(2)Cl](+), [2Caf + Cu(2)Cl(2)](+) and [2Caf + Cu(2)Cl(3)](+). Sulfate and chloride anion are characterized by charge densities higher than those of the carboxylate, nitrate and perchlorate anion. Thus, due to the electrostatic forces, the binuclear complexes containing SO(4)(2-) or Cl(-) can survive the transfer from solution to the gas phase and then can successfully be observed on ESI mass spectra. The ion [2Caf + Cu(2)Cl(3)](+) is present in solution and could be detected when using methanol/chloroform as solvent. The ions [2Caf + Cu(2)](+), [2Caf + Cu(2)Cl](+) and [2Caf + Cu(2)Cl(2)](+) are formed from the [2Caf + Cu(2)Cl(3)](+) ion (by subsequent loss of Cl atoms) on transfer from the solution to the gas phase or in the gas phase. The ion [2Caf + Cu(2)](+) does not contain a bridging agent, thus it is reasonable to assume that it contains a Cu-Cu bond.     

离子色谱法分析保险粉工业回收甲酸钠中的阴离子

利用单柱阴离子交换色谱法测定了保险粉工业回收产品中的甲酸,Cl－,SO,NO,羟乙基硫代硫酸盐,SO和S2O。以1．8mmol／L邻苯二甲酸和1．35mmol／L三羟甲基氨基甲烷的混合溶液作淋洗液,流速为1．0mL／min时,分离效果良好。7种离子的加标回收率在96％～102％之间,检测下限在0．2～5mg／L之间,方法准确、简便。     

Determination of trace anions in liquefied petroleum gas using liquid absorption and electrokinetic migration for enrichment followed by ion chromatography

A simple sample enrichment technique, electrokinetic migration enrichment in single phase using a designed device, coupled with ion chromatography is presented for the determination of four anions (H(2)PO(4)(-), Cl(-), NO(3)(-), and SO(4)(2-)) in liquefied petroleum gas by liquid adsorption. The electrokinetic migration enrichment is based on the phenomenon of ion electrokinetic migration to the opposite electrode. When the anions migrated to the anode in a smaller volume chamber under the electric field, the concentration was realized. The main parameters affecting enrichment efficiency of applied voltage and enrichment time were investigated. The ion chromatography condition for anions separation was also studied. Under the optimal electrokinetic migration enrichment and ion chromatography conditions, the four anions were detected simultaneously with good linear relationship (r(2) = 0.9908-0.9968) and high precisions (less than 5% of the relative standard deviations of peak areas). The limits of detection of anions (S/N of 3) were in the range of 8-600 μg L(-1). The enrichment factors of the four anions ranged from 3.1 to 5.8. The established method was successfully applied to the analysis of the trace anions in liquefied petroleum gas by liquid adsorption with satisfactory results. The advantages of this method are simple operation and low cost.     

Investigating chemical constraints to the measurement of phosphorus in soils using diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and resin methods

The effect of potential chemical constraints on the performance of two relatively new soil P testing methods, anion exchange membrane (AEM) and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), were evaluated. Exposures to ranges of anion (Cl(-), NO(3)(-), SO(4)(2-) and HCO(3)(-)) concentrations relevant to agricultural soils had minimal effect on P recoveries using DGT. It has also been shown previously that DGT P recoveries are unaffected by varying pH (3-9). In contrast, increasing NO(3)(-) and SO(4)(2-) concentrations in solution reduced the recovery of P using the resin method (anion exchange membrane, AEM) by 24% at 50mgL(-1) NO(3)(-) and by 47% at 12mgL(-1) SO(4)(2-) when the P concentration of the test solution was 2mgL(-1). Phosphorus sorption by the resin decreased with increasing Cl(-) concentrations until there was a 100% decrease at 300mgL(-1) Cl(-) when the P concentration of the test solution was 2mgL(-1) and a 92% reduction at 700mgL(-1) Cl(-) when the P concentration of the test solution was 0.2mgL(-1). There was also a small but significant effect of carbonate species on P sorption to the resin at carbonate concentrations that can occur in agricultural soils. Changing the pH of the solution had minimal effects on the resin P measurements in solutions above pH 4, but below pH 4, resin P measurements decreased dramatically. A poor coefficient of determination for the regression fit between DGT and resin measurements on eight agricultural soils suggested that these two methods are measuring different amounts of P for different soils. Resin P measurements increased significantly, but non-uniformly across soils, when the soil:water ratio was decreased but this did not result in an improved relationship with DGT P. There was a minimal effect on measured P using either Cl(-) or HCO(3)(-) as counter ions on the resin.     

Determination of inorganic anions in biological fluids with direct sample injection by electrostatic ion chromatography using zwitterionic micelles in both stationary and mobile phases

A new ion chromatographic (IC) system, which uses zwitterionic (e.g., Zwittergent 3-14) micelles as both stationary and mobile phases, highly useful for the analysis of inorganic anions in biological samples, was developed. The zwitterionic micellar stationary phase (which is obtained by immobilizing the zwitterionic surfactant on surfaces of the reversed-phase ODS) showed high ability to confine the elution bands of the large amount of SO4(2-) and Cl- to narrow zones. As a result, a base-line separation of NO2-, Br- and NO3- from SO4(2-) and Cl- is always achieved. The zwitterionic micellar mobile phase, (which is obtained by dissolving the zwitterionic surfactant with a suppressive electrolytic solution, e.g., aqueous NaHCO3 solution), on the other hand, showed high ability for rapid elution of proteins. The separation column is therefore always being cleaned up even after the protein-containing sample is directly injected. The zwitterionic micelles are also insensitive to conductivity detection, therefore either the suppressed or the non-suppressed conductivity detection method is applicable for detection of the analyte ions. Urine and serum were chosen as the model real samples and were analysed with direct sample injection; the results of successful determination of a number of inorganic anions (SO4(2-), Cl-, NO2-, Br- and NO3-) in both samples have demonstrated the usefulness of this new IC system.     

Simultaneous and Fast Detection of Anions in Snow Using Short Tube by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

A capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method applied short-effective length of capillary (11 cm) and low separation voltage (5 kV) was developed for the fast and quantitative determination of Cl m , $ {\rm NO}_2^ - $ , $ {\rm SO}_4^{2 - } $ , $ {\rm NO}_3^ - $ , $ {\rm HCO}_3^ - $ in snow sample. Baseline separation of inorganic anions and organic anions was achieved within 55 s. Indirect absorbance detection of anions was accomplished with a chromate - based background electrolyte modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and acetonitrile at pH 9.5. The effect of the pH, the concentration of electrolyte and modifiers on the resolution was investigated. The application of electrokinetic injection using butyric acid as internal standard created the described method fast, sensitive, and quantitative, with good relative standard deviation (RSD), for migration times from 0.1 to 0.3% and for peak areas from 1.8 to 4.0%. The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.03 mg L m 1 Cl m , 0.1 mg L m 1 $ {\rm NO}_2^ - $ , 0.07 mg L m 1 $ {\rm SO}_4^{2 - } $ , 0.08 mg L m 1 $ {\rm NO}_3^ - $ , 0.05 mg L m 1 F m , and 0.2 mg L m 1 $ {\rm HCO}_3^ - $ , respectively. Standard addition recoveries of Cl m , $ {\rm NO}_2^ - $ , $ {\rm SO}_4^{2 - } $ , $ {\rm NO}_3^ - $ , F m , and $ {\rm HCO}_3^ - $ in snow sample were between 91 and 104%. This method has been shown promising results for the determination of small anions in snow sample.