密闭微波消解-测汞仪测定铜精矿中高含量的汞

建立了微波消解-测汞仪测定铜精矿中高含量汞的分析方法。采用在密闭的环境下微波消解铜精矿试样,既能保证试样溶解完全,又有效地避免了高温溶样对易挥发元素汞的损失。将铜精矿试样进行微波消解处理后,将试液移取至石英舟中,试液在分解炉中经历干燥和高温热分解后,试液中的汞被还原成汞原子,再被氧气流带进汞齐化管中进行汞齐化反应,汞被选择性吸附,于900℃加热释放出汞蒸气,汞蒸气被氧气流带入单波长光学吸收池进行原子吸收光谱测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.62%～2.0%(n=11),加标回收率为98.5%～100%,测定范围为0.60～1 000μg/g,可测定汞含量较高的铜精矿,且有效地延长了仪器的使用寿命。方法操作简单、快速稳定、重现性良好,适合于铜精矿中高含量汞的测定。     

固体进样-直接测汞仪法测定银精矿汞量

建立了固体进样-直接测汞仪法测定银精矿中汞的分析方法。试样无需进行样品前处理,将银精矿试样直接称量于样品舟中,在氧气气氛中,试样在分解炉中经历干燥和高温热分解,汞被还原成汞原子,再被氧气流带进汞齐化管中进行汞齐化反应,其中的汞被选择性吸附,于900℃加热释放出汞蒸汽,,汞蒸气被氧气流带入单波长光学吸收池进行原子吸收测量,方法检出限为0.007μg/g,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.77%~3.07%(n=11),加标回收率为98.08%～102.43%。方法操作简单、快速稳定、重现性良好,适合于银精矿中微量汞的测定。     

固体进样直接测定法测定铜精矿中汞

建立了固体进样直接测定法测定铜精矿中汞含量的方法。铜精矿样品在测汞仪的分解炉中经300℃干燥和750℃高温热分解后,汞被催化分解为汞原子,于850℃齐化成金汞齐。汞蒸气被氧气流带入单波长光学吸收池,在波长253.7 nm处测量汞的吸光度,采用标准曲线法计算汞量。方法的线性范围分别为0~1.00,0~100μg/mL,线性相关系数为0.9999,检出限分别为0.10,0.04 ng/g。5个汞含量不同的铜精矿样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.14%~4.35%(n=11),样品加标回收率为92.00%~104.02%。采用该方法分别对2个铜精矿样品和铜精矿国际标准物质进行测定,测定结果与标准分析方法测定值和标准物质标示值基本一致。该方法简便、快速、准确,可以作为标准方法推广使用。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法同时测定冰铜中砷和汞

采用微波消解技术处理冰铜样品,选择As188.979nm、Hg194.227nm为分析谱线,建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定冰铜中砷和汞的方法。实验表明,所拟定的方法可将试样溶解完全。砷检出限3.1μg/g、汞检出限0.7μg/g,方法操作简便、快速,其测定值与传统方法的测定值相符。加标回收率在95%~110%、相对标准偏差小于4%,可满足冰铜中砷和汞的准确测定。     

非扩散性三光束冷原子吸收法直接测定大米中的汞

基于热解-催化还原-冷原子吸收法原理,采用直接进样测汞法测定大米中的汞含量。稻米样品经脱壳、粉碎、研磨后过孔径为0.425 mm的筛,称取一定质量的样品置于样品舟内,样品经干燥、分解、催化、汞齐化富集,生成的汞蒸汽由氧气导入冷原子吸收器,在波长253.7 nm处检测,用标准曲线法定量。汞的质量在0～200.0 ng的范围内与吸光度峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 9,检出限为0.014 8μg/kg。样品加标回收率为92.6%～101.8%,大米样品和大米粉中汞成分分析标准物质测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为2.8、2.4(n=6)。该方法简单、快捷,无需样品前处理过程,可作为大米中汞的检测方法。     

微波消解-冷原子吸收光谱法测定消毒剂中的汞

建立了微波消解-冷原子吸收光谱法测定消毒剂中汞的方法。将消毒产品经过微波消解后,其中的汞被氧化为离子状态的汞,利用冷原子吸收光谱测汞仪对样品进行测定,结果表明汞在0~10ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r=0.999 7(n=6),平均加标回收率为97.08%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.0%(n=9)。方法简便、准确、灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于测定消毒剂中的汞。     

微波消解-冷原子吸收光谱法测定消毒剂中的汞

建立了微波消解-冷原子吸收光谱法测定消毒剂中汞的方法。将消毒产品经过微波消解后,其中的汞被氧化为离子状态的汞,利用冷原子吸收光谱测汞仪对样品进行测定,结果表明汞在0~10ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r=0.999 7(n=6),平均加标回收率为97.08%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.0%(n=9)。方法简便、准确、灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于测定消毒剂中的汞。     

高温消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铜精矿中铅、砷、汞、镉、铬的含量

<正>中国自产铜精矿不能满足冶炼的需求,每年需要进口大量铜精矿^[1]。为保护环境和保障人民健康安全,我国对进口铜精矿中有害元素铅、砷、汞、镉、铬的含量进行了严格限定^[2]。如何快速、高效测定铜精矿中的有害元素含量已引起越来越多学者的关注^[3-7]。目前,测定铜精矿中铅、砷、汞、镉、铬含量的方法包括冷原子吸收光谱法、原子荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)、电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)等^[8-11]。其中,ICP-MS因具有检出限低、线性范围宽、可以同时测定多种元素等特点而被广泛应用于食品^[12]、矿产品^[13]、环境监测^[14]等领域。铜精矿样品的常用溶解方法有微波消解、电热板加热消解、石墨消解、高温消解等。本工作采用高温环绕式加热消解铜精矿,以ICP-MS同时测定铜精矿中铅、砷、汞、镉、铬的含量,并采用有证标准物质和加标回收的方法验证方法的准确度。     

微波消解-冷原子吸收法定量测定人参中汞的研究

应用微波消解仪和原子吸收光谱仪 ,采用氢化物 冷原子吸收光谱法对人参中的汞的定量测定方法进行了研究。对微波消解仪的消解条件、氢化物 冷原子吸收方法的测定条件进行了探讨。在本法选择的条件下 ,回收率为 90 98%～ 1 0 8 96 % ,相对标准偏差为 8 0 4 %～ 1 5 77%。与国家标准方法的对比实验证明 ,两者无显著差异。     

密闭高压消解–ICP–AES测定进口铜精矿中铅、镉、汞、砷

采用密闭高压消解法对样品进行消解,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP–AES)测定进口铜精矿中的铅、镉、砷、汞有害元素。铅、镉、砷、汞的工作曲线分别在0~10,0~1,0~4,0~0.6μg/mL范围内线性良好,线性相关系数大于0.999。各元素加标回收率均为91.0%~104.7%,相对标准偏差均小于3%(n=7)。将密闭高压消解法与电热板加热法和微波消解法进行了比对分析,结果显示,密闭高压消解–ICP–AES法适合用于铜精矿样品的消解与测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.