低沸点工质板式脉动热管传热特性研究

针对电子设备需要在较低的温度下工作的要求,本文对采用R141b与R600a等低沸点工质,槽道边长为1 mm的板式脉动热管进行传热实验研究。结果表明,对比丙酮工质脉动热管,在不同加热功率下,低沸点工质脉动热管启动时间短,启动温度低,正常运行时冷热端温差小,热端温度低,热阻小。低沸点工质能大幅提高微通道脉动热管传热性能,R600a为工质时,脉动热管启动时间最短仅需要12 s,正常运行时,R141b为工质脉动热管冷热端温度差最小为0.8℃。     

新型喷射制冷循环的研究

本文提出了利用双元工质在降低压缩比的同时降低蒸发温度的新型喷射制冷循环,由于双元工质低温域蒸发产生的双相流压缩过程也得到了圆满的解决;并且对R11取代物进行了研究．文中介绍了R123,R141b,R123／R141b,R123／R141b和R141b／R142b的实验及数据分析结果．实验结果显示了新型喷射制冷循环的优越性．     

热管换热器用于LED冷却系统的实验研究

研发了一系列将发光二极管(LED)散热与热管传热相结合的用于大功率LED冷却的热管散热器,并对其传热性能进行了实验研究。结果表明,该系列热管散热器具有良好的散热能力,能将节点温度控制在70℃以下,满足了大功率LED对结点温度的控制要求;实验结果还表明,翅片结构不同,换热器散热能力明显不同,所研发系列异形翅片热管换热器的散热能力明显高于目前常用的普通矩形翅片热管换热器,其中以外翻形翅片热管换热器散热能力最好;还研究了热管换热器工作倾角对其散热能力的影响,并给出了热管排布数量、翅片材质及结构对换热器散热性能、换热装置体积、成本及质量的影响。     

微乳液中R141b水合物快速生成实验研究

制冷剂水合物作为一种理想的蓄冷工质受到广泛关注,但烃类制冷剂与水不互溶造成水合反应诱导时间长、过冷度大。为增大制冷剂与水的相容性,本研究筛选出T20(吐温20)/SPC(大豆卵磷脂)复配表面活性剂,使大量R141b溶于水相,形成热力学稳定的微乳液,考察了微乳液体系中T20浓度、R141b含量、温度等对水合物生成诱导时间的影响,在该体系中均匀快速生成了大量R141b水合物晶体颗粒,诱导时间显著缩短,得到了致密的水合物浆体,提高了蓄冷密度。     

平行流热管换热器传热性能实验研究

平行流热管换热器综合了热管轴向高效换热和平行流换热器管外高效换热的优点,是一种新型的重力热管换热器。本文基于传热风洞对充注R600A的平行流热管换热器进行传热和流动性能测试。实验中平行流热管换热器的热阻最小仅为0.06 K.W~(-1),换热效率在95%～98%之间;平行流热管换热器的均温性和换热效率受到其管径较小引起的脉动现象影响,冷凝段温度分布出现分层现象。实验结果为平行流热管换热器的优化设计提供了参考依据。     

表面活性剂对水合物生长过程的定量影响

为了揭示表面活性剂对气体水合物生长过程的定量影响,实验研究了十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)对R141b水合物的生长过程的影响,分析了SDBS对R141b水合反应物界面张力的影响,研究结果表明:R141b水合物生成条件下SDBS的临界胶束浓度约为400mg/kg,1.0℃400mg/kg SDBS溶液中R141b水合物的平均引导时间为3 min,水合率约为每分钟1.7%。     

基于三元混合工质高温压缩式热泵循环性能研究

工业生产中存在大量的70～80℃的余热未被回收利用,如果利用热泵将这部分余热转化为高品质工业蒸汽则可大大降低工业能耗和污染物排放。本文研究一种回收废水余热制取蒸汽的高温热泵系统,在蒸发器侧水进出口温度80/70℃和冷凝器侧水进出口温度90/120℃设计工况下,针对该换热过程"大温差"和"高冷凝"的换热特点分析对比不同非共沸工质的循环性能。首先对比了多种二元混合工质的循环性能,得到性能较为优良的混合工质R124/R141b(0.45/0.55).为保证压缩机安全运行添加第三元组分以降低排气温度和压力,结果表明:三元工质R365mfc/R124/R141b(0.55/0.405/0.045)综合性能较佳,其COP达到4.9,并且单位容积制热量为4110 kJ/m~3,同时排气温度125℃和冷凝压力为1595 kPa,综合性能优越并满足压缩机安全运行要求。     

数据机房热管空调系统的实验研究

结合数据机房环境的特点,选取R22和R134a为工质,实验研究了数据机房热管空调系统的换热性能和工质的最佳充液率。结果表明,热管空调系统具有工作温差小、制冷能效比高的特点,随着热负荷的升高,所需排热温差逐渐增大;对比实验发现,工质为R22时空调系统的平均换热能力比R134a为工质时高19.2%,而两种工质的最佳充液率均为80%左右。通过对热管回路中工质温度分布的测量与分析,阐明了充液率过大或过小引起系统换热性能下降的原因。     

基于管排组合的热管换热器温度分布的研究

建立了热管废热锅炉的换热器模型,研究了在各种管排组合方案下的分离式热管换热器的工质温度分布、管壁温度分布、烟气温度分布及热回收量等,结果表明,调整管排组合是解决工质温度过高和低温腐蚀问题的一种有效方法.     

R22/R142b和R152a/R142b混合工质在348K下的汽液平衡

一、引言 R22/R142b及R152a/R142b都是氟氯烃(CFCs)的潜在替代工质,其热力学性质研究已引起了广泛重视。有关混合工质的PVT性质及低温相平衡数据已有报道。为了补充较高温度下的相平衡数据,本文采用高压汽液平衡装置,测定了R22/R142b和R152a/R142b在348K时的汽液平衡数据。     

Study on Heat Transfer Performance of Skin Heat Exchanger

Cooling technology is facing new challenges with the increase of electronic equipment power onboard aircraft. The traditional heat sink based on high-altitude bleed air does not satisfy this increase of cooling demands. In this article, an air/air-type skin heat exchanger is studied for cooling aircraft electronic equipment. It uses outside high-altitude cold air rather than bleed air as a heat sink. This cooling technology can effectively remove the heat load of high-power electronic devices without greatly increasing aircraft performance penalty. To assess its high-altitude heat transfer performance, an experimental prototype was designed and made. Some experiments were conducted on a ground experimental test. The heat transfer criteria formulas were obtained for both the side air in the skin heat exchanger and its convective heat transfer coefficients. Based on these experimental analyses, the heat transfer performances of the skin heat exchanger in a high-altitude cruise condition are deduced when it is assumed to be installed at an unfavorable position and a favorable position, separately. This work tries to provide a technical support for its future onboard application.     

分离式热管换热器传热特性的实验研究

本文在自行设计分离式热管实验装置的基础上,对其传热特性进行了实验研究。其工作温度为170～250℃,热流密度为25～50 kW/m~2。蒸发段和冷凝段构成相同,均是由7根直径30 mm的无缝钢管短管束组成,管长为160 mm,带有紧套的钢帛环形肋片结构尺寸为:外径45 mm、厚1 mm、片间距4 mm。实验结果表明,在本实验条件下,分离式热管的最佳充液率按管束总容量计为18%～38%。根据实验结果拟合了最佳充液率(24%)下蒸发段内部平均沸腾换热系数和冷凝段内部凝结换热努塞尔数综合关系式。     

低品位烟气余热回收换热器热力学分析

低品位烟气余热回收过程存在冷凝现象,烟气的放热过程分为显热、潜热两部分。冷凝时,局部热流率和熵产率明显增大;增加水蒸气质量分数、冷却水质量流量和降低烟气入口温度都会导致烟气提前冷凝;存在最优冷却水质量流量使得热回收过程熵产数最小。另外,提出热回收效率评价烟气热回收程度,该指标受冷凝的影响很大。随着烟气中蒸汽质量分数的增加,冷凝过程的影响明显增强,因此,在低品位烟气的全热回收中必须考虑潜热的影响。     

Performance and Exergy Analyses of a Solar Assisted Heat Pump with Seasonal Heat Storage and Grey Water Heat Recovery Unit

The main research objective of this paper was to compare exergy performance of three different heat pump (HP)-based systems and one natural gas (NG)-based system for the production of heating and cooling energy in a single-house dwelling. The study considered systems based on: 1. A NG and auxiliary cooling unit; 2. Solely HP, 3. HP with additional seasonal heat storage (SHS) and a solar thermal collector (STC); 4. HP with SHS, a STC and a grey water (GW) recovery unit. The assessment of exergy efficiencies for each case was based on the transient systems simulation program TRNSYS, which was used for the simulation of energy use for space heating and cooling of the building, sanitary hot water production, and the thermal response of the seasonal heat storage and solar thermal system. The results show that an enormous waste of exergy is observed by the system based on an NG boiler (with annual overall exergy efficiency of 0.11) in comparison to the most efficient systems, based on HP water–water with a seasonal heat storage and solar thermal collector with the efficiency of 0.47. The same system with an added GW unit exhibits lower water temperatures, resulting in the exergy efficiency of 0.43. The other three systems, based on air–, water–, and ground–water HPs, show significantly lower annual source water temperatures (10.9, 11.0, 11.0, respectively) compared to systems with SHS and SHS + GW, with temperatures of 28.8 and 19.3 K, respectively.     

热交换器表面镀层对传热性能的影响

采用化学镀的方法对热交换器表面进行表面改性,使其换热表面沉积一层表面能不同的均匀镀层。传热实验表明,随着磷含量的增大,凝结传热系数增大。进一步可视化实验研究表明,镀层换热表面均表现为珠膜共存状态,增大镀层的磷含量,换热表面促进珠状凝结的效果更加明显。这归于镀层降低了传热表面的表面能值。     

带有蓄热装置的直膨式太阳能热泵系统的模拟研究

介绍了一种带有相变蓄热装置的直膨式太阳能热泵系统。以青岛天气为例,对该系统的蓄热模式进行数值模拟,得出蓄热装置进出口制冷剂的温度、蓄热材料的液相率随时间的变化,结果表明在太阳能辐射量变化时,该系统的蒸发温度维持25℃左右,系统能够稳定运行;对系统热力学性质进行理论计算得出系统在冷凝温度为70℃时,系统的COP能维持在5.3左右,系统能够高效运行。     

Heat of adsorption on heterogeneous adsorbents

The isosteric heat of adsorption is a critical design variable in estimating the performance of an adsorptive gas separation process. The heats can be strong and complex functions of adsorbate loadings when the adsorbent is energetically heterogeneous. Ignoring these characterisitics in process design can lead to serious errors.Only calorimetric heat measurements (pure and multi-component gas) can reveal the complex nature of the adsorbent heterogeneity. Examples of calorimetrically measured heats for adsorption of pure SF₆ and CO₂ on a silicalite sample bonded with alumina, and those for binary CO₂-C₂H₆ mixtures on NaX zeolite are cited to demonstrate the complexity of the subject. The loading dependence of the binary heats is found to be counter-intuitive.A simple analytic thermodynamic model of patchwise heterogeneity is proposed to describe the isosteric heat of adsorption of a single gas and those for the components of a binary gas mixture.     

Empirical Study of an Air-to-Air Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger in Tropical Climates

Abstract

This article presents the empirical study of a heat pipe heat exchanger that was directly experiencing the ambient tropical air in its evaporator section. The performance of the heat pipe heat exchanger was monitored during two weeks of operation to determine the performance curves. The temperature of return air was controlled at about 22°C as the representative temperature of inside air, and a face velocity of 2 m/s on the heat pipe heat exchanger coil was established for this purpose. It was found that for the present investigation, the heat pipe heat exchanger can pay for itself in 1.5 years.     

基于小负荷换热单元保护的松弛策略优化换热网络

WCE算法优化换热网络时,固定投资费用的存在易造成小负荷换热单元难以产生和保留,使部分尚未完全进化的结构过早被淘汰。本文建立一种固定投资费用的松弛处理方法,将固定投资费用与换热单元热负荷进行因变处理,根据换热单元热负荷的大小实时调整优化过程中的松弛力度,引导并促进小负荷换热单元的顺利产生和进化,从而增强换热网络的结构进化能力。将松弛策略应用于9SP和15SP算例,验证松弛策略促进结构进化的有效性,提升优化质量,获得的最优结果(2 903 528 ＄ ·a^-1、5 115 061 ＄ ·a^-1)优于文献结果。