侧面抽运板状激光介质的热汇冷却

高热负荷固体激光介质的热效应已经成为制约激光器功率进一步提高的严重障碍,只有对激光介质进行有效的冷却才能保证其安全运行。以不均匀换热系数模型为基础,研究了具有非均匀内热源的侧面双向抽运板状激光介质在狭窄通道强制对流冷却情况下的耦合换热问题,对热汇冷却方案下介质的温度分布和热应力分布进行了数值模拟和分析,并对复合介质、蓝宝石和金刚石三种热汇材料进行对比。结果表明,忽视换热系数的非均匀性将导致应力计算结果偏低。对于侧面抽运、侧面冷却的激光介质,金刚石热汇冷却方案最佳,蓝宝石热汇方案次之,而复合介质方案不宜采用。     

解析计算半导体激光器列阵的热沉温升

 通过解热传导方程得到了半导体激光器列阵的热沉温升分布的解析表达式,并利用该解析式得到了热沉的温升分布图。分析了对流换热传热系数对上下表面温升的影响,当对流换热传热系数增大到某个值后,上下表面的温差变化很小,而温升随该系数的增大而降低,所得的结果与用有限元法算得的并经过实验验证的结果基本上是一致的。     

激光二极管阵列泵浦固体激光器热设计研究

对激光二极管阵列（LaserDiodeArray,LDA）泵浦固体激光器热设计进行了研究。通过采用计算热阻的方法,根据LDA的发热功率选择热电制冷器（ThermaolElectronicConrtoller,TEC）和相应的散热器,采用强迫风冷的方式对重复频率为25Hz,输出单脉冲能量为80mJ的LDA泵浦固体激光器进行了精确的温度控制。试验结果表明,在-40℃～55℃环境温度范围内,激光器性能稳定,满足技术指标要求。     

切向气流对激光辐照树脂基复合材料的影响

 为了考察切向强迫气流对激光辐照下树脂基复合材料热响应的影响,基于边界层换热理论,研究了切向气流与靶面的对流换热系数和热分解气体对表面热交换的覆盖效应,并用有限差分法对激光辐照下树脂基复合材料的1维热响应模型进行数值求解。数值计算表明：高速切向气流的存在会加速靶材表面与外部环境的热交换,从而明显降低激光对靶材的加热效率;边界层换热理论给出的对流换热系数和覆盖因子是合理有效的,适用于数值模拟切向气流对激光辐照下树脂基复合材料热响应的影响;向靶材表面溢出的热分解气体对靶材表面与外部环境的热交换有一定的抑制作用,但影响较小,基本可以忽略不计。     

C-mount封装激光器热特性分析与热沉结构优化研究

为了降低单管半导体激光器的结温、提高器件的散热效果,基于C-mount热沉的热特性分析提出了一种优化的台阶热沉结构,研究了单管激光器结温和腔面侧向温度分布曲线的影响。在热沉温度298 K和连续输出功率10 W的条件下,腔长为1.5 mm的典型C-mount封装结构激光器的结温为343.6 K,热阻为4.6 K/W。通过在典型C-mount热沉中引入台阶结构,使封装激光器的结温降低为333.8 K,热阻减小到3.5 K/W。计算表明,其输出功率可提高近20%。     

An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation into the Thermal Performance Characteristics of a Staggered Vertical Pin Fin Array Heat Sink with Assisting Mixed Convection in External and In-Duct Flow Configurations

A theoretical and experimental study was carried out on the thermal performance of a pin fin array heat sink. A theoretical model was utilized based on the success of prior research that has the capability of predicting the influence of various geometrical, thermal, and flow parameters on the effective thermal resistance of the heat sink. An experimental investigation was carried out for measuring the thermal performance of the heat sink, and the overall convective heat transfer coefficient for the fin bundle, including the thermal and flow bundle effect. Utilizing the new empirical correlations, theoretical predictions were made and experimentally validated for a wide range of parameters for combined forced and natural convection in the assisting flow configuration. Both the theoretical model and experimental data indicated the existence of optimal fin spacing.     

基于对流传热模型的LD端面泵浦圆形激光晶体的热效应研究

通过对半导体端面泵浦棒状Nd∶YAG晶体的热效应进行了理论分析,研究了端面抽运圆形截面激光晶体内部温度场,建立了符合条件的激光晶体热模型。考虑晶体侧面与冷却液之间的对流传热,以及晶体端面与外界非绝热边界条件,从而建立更为合理的边界条件,得出更符合实际的晶体的温度分布场。研究结果表明,考虑端面的对流传热后,计算的晶体中心温度降低,而相应的热焦距稍有增加;空气传热系数增加时,晶体中心温度明显降低,热焦距显著增加,减弱了晶体热效应。     

Thermal conditions of the Er:YAG laser under stationary diode pumping

Experimental results and calculation data for the thermal conditions of the YAG:Er laser active element shaped as a flat plate under pumping by continuous radiation of a diode array (λ = 980 nm) with fiber output are presented. The thermal field and temperature in the plate optical excitation channel are measured using the thermal imaging technique. Their dependence on the pump power is studied. A comparison of calculated and experimental data allowed the determination of the heat transfer coefficient from the YAG:Er crystal to air under conditions of natural convection.     

同轴-三平板型水介质脉冲输出开关实验研究

设计了用于脉冲功率装置的4 MV水介质同轴 三平板型输出开关。该脉冲功率装置将由24路相同的独立模块组成，每路模块由Marx发生器、中间储能器、激光触发气体开关、脉冲形成线、水介质脉冲输出开关、脉冲传输线等组成。水介质脉冲输出开关是同轴 三平板结构水介质多通道自击穿开关，由输入输出电极、预脉冲屏蔽板和连接部件组成。进行了有预脉冲屏蔽板结构和无预脉冲屏蔽板结构的自击穿水开关实验研究。有预脉冲屏蔽板结构开关的输入、输出电极都是半球电极，直径分别是8 cm和5 cm；无预脉冲屏蔽板结构开关为针 板结构，输入电极为平板电极，输出电极为直径3 cm的电极棒。Marx发生器充电70 kV，开关的击穿电压为3 MV，放电电流为450 kA。在3 MV等级的击穿电压下，有预脉冲屏蔽板结构开关的抖动约6 ns，没有预脉冲屏蔽板结构开关的抖动减小至3 ns。     

Impact of non-uniform heat sink/source and convective condition in radiative heat transfer to Oldroyd-B nanofluid: A revised proposed relation

Nanofluids are embryonic as auspicious thermo liquids for application of heat transfer which have been scrutinized precisely, in current eons. Thermo-physical properties of these liquids have noteworthy stimulus on their heat transfer features. The manifestation of dense nanoparticles in the base liquid ominously intensifies the effective liquid thermal conductivity and therefore heightens the features of heat transfer. The highest attention of this exertion is to investigate the features of nanoparticles mass flux conditions and non-uniform heat sink/source on magnetite Oldroyd-B nanofluid. Additionally, heat convective and thermal radiation mechanisms are considered. Homotopic approach has been established for the solution of non-linear structures. The upshots elucidate that the Brownian and thermophrosis nanoparticles exaggerate the temperature field, however analogous tendency is being noted for thermal radiation and non-uniform heat sink/source parameters. This exertion also investigated that the concentration of Oldroyd-B nanofluid decline for curvature parameter and augment for thermophrosis parameter. In addition, for the endorsement of up-to-date derived clarifications a comparison table of skin friction coefficient is organized in limiting circumstances.     

热容型大功率半导体激光器瞬态热特性

为研究热容型大功率半导体激光器在低环境温度、高瞬时功率、长工作间歇时间条件下的应用,建立三维瞬态热传导模型,通过有限元法计算得出热沉三维尺寸对半导体激光器瞬态热特性的影响。选取尺寸为26.6 mm×11.5 mm×4 mm的热沉进行热容型半导体激光器的封装测试,获得其在-20℃和-30℃环境温度下连续工作3.5 s过程中有源区温度随时间的变化曲线,并与数值计算的结果进行对比。结果表明,两者在误差范围内能够很好地吻合。     

基于相变冷却的大功率二极管激光器技术

 设计了一种基于相变冷却方式工作的大功率二极管激光器,该激光器的散热器是基于节流式喷射微槽道相变冷却的原理,使冷却液在微槽中的气化率达到了70%,大幅度提高了冷却效果,减小了冷却液流量,在同样制冷功率条件下,冷却液流量仅为水冷方式的1/10。利用相变冷却器进行了背冷式半导体激光器叠阵封装工艺的研究,采用复合热沉与AuSn硬焊料结合的新型封装工艺,完成了准连续3 kW叠阵的封装。实验测试表明,单元叠阵的输出功率达到3.01 kW,占空比10%,封装间距为1.3 mm,光谱宽度小于3.5 nm。最大功率输出时所需R134a冷却液的流量仅为110 mL/min。     

三维有序排列多孔介质对流换热的数值研究

利用CFD软件数值研究了颗粒三维有序堆积多孔介质的对流换热问题. 采用颗粒直径分别为14 mm,9.4 mm和7 mm的球形颗粒有序排列构成多孔介质骨架,在多孔骨架的上方有一恒热流密度的铜板. 采用流固耦合的方法研究了槽通道内温度分布和局部对流换热系数的分布以及对流换热的影响因素. 研究结果表明:热渗透的厚度和温度边界层的厚度在流动方向上逐渐增大,并且随流量的增加而减小;当骨架的导热系数比较高时,对流换热随颗粒直径的减小而略有增大;对流换热系数随聚丙烯酰胺溶液浓度的增大而减小,黏性耗散减弱了对流换热. 关键词： 多孔介质 温度场 局部对流换热系数 数值模拟     

Improvement of diode-end-pumped 912 nm Nd:GdVO<Subscript>4</Subscript> laser performance based on microchannel heat sink

To solve the thermal dissipation problem in diode-end-pumped solid state lasers and improve the performance of 912 nm Nd:GdVO₄ lasers, a novel microchannel heat sink is designed and used in the experiments. Heat-transfer coefficients for the common heat sink and microchannel heat sink are calculated. The results obtained for the heat-transfer coefficient for the heat sink with a channel width of 0.2 mm is almost 5 times higher than that of the common one. The heat resistance for the novel heat sink is analyzed. Simulation results show that the maximum temperature in the laser crystal is reduced by 19°C at an absorbed pump power of 24.0 W, and the heat transfer ability significantly increases if the microchannel heat sink is used. Experimental results also indicate that the performance for a 912 nm laser is improved significantly using the novel heat sink, especially from the aspects of laser-beam quality and power scaling.     

Optimum convective heat transfer coefficient for diode-pumped laser slabs

It is important for laser designers to study the characteristics of heat transfer from the laser crystal slab to the coolant in high-power DPSS laser operations. We have simulated and obtained the optimum heat transfer coefficient and coolant flow rate for our cavity design, in which the circulating coolant is maintained at a constant temperature. It has been determined that the coolant temperature and the convective heat transfer coefficient (h) are important parameters in the thermal analysis. The coefficient h is affected by the coolant flow rate, the physical properties of the laser slab and the coolant and the pumping cavity geometry. Using analytical heat transfer equation, for cooling water temperature of 300 K, the optimum flow rate for our cavity geometry is found to be 390 cm³/s, corresponding to h=5 W/cm² K.     

影响HL-2M 偏滤器靶板冷却性能的结构参数研究

在石墨瓦和热沉板可达到的最高温度的优化目标下,基于热传导和对流换热方程,利用CFX软件采用单一参数分析的方法对HL-2M偏滤器石墨瓦厚度、热沉板内管道中心位置、管道直径、石墨瓦与热沉板接触热阻等关键结构设计变量进行了数值仿真及分析。研究结果表明：石墨瓦厚度为25mm时,HL-2M偏滤器冷却性能最佳;热沉板内管道中心离靶板表面越远,其热交换性能越差,且近似呈线性关系;热沉板内管道直径增大,对偏滤器冷却性能略有提高;石墨瓦与热沉板之间传热系数越大,偏滤器冷却性能有所改善,但对热沉板的热冲击越大。     

激光二极管抽运固体激光器场分布的热不稳定性研究

通过建立激光介质非热平衡状态的振荡散热模型，分析了激光二极管抽运固体激光器中，热透镜的不稳定性.研究表明，热透镜的这种热不稳定性是造成激光场不稳定的重要因素.会造成高斯半径的不稳定波动，会使激光光束的指向角波动，会造成激光光斑的非对称畸变，这种畸变也处于波动之中.通过对端面抽运条件下，热耗为1W的Nd:YAG激光介质的理论和实验研究，确定了这种原因下光场不稳定度的数量级. 关键词： 激光二极管 固体激光器 热透镜     

Effect of stripe width on junction temperature of stripe-geometry semiconductor laser diodes

When a laser diode (LD) is operated at high current densities, the junction temperature can rise significantly above the heat sink temperature. Generally, rise in junction temperature is a direct consequence of inability of different layers in a laser diode to dissipate heat efficiently due to finite thermal resistance. Usually, thermal resistance increases with a reduction in stripe width. Hence, the issue of thermal management becomes very important in modern days narrow stripe-geometry lasers. In this paper, the effect of stripe width on the junction temperature of a stripe-geometry semiconductor LD is analyzed by originating different heat sources. This has been accomplished using a simple technique for the measurement of junction temperature of a LD.     

封装热应力致半导体激光器“Smile”效应的抑制方法

封装热应力所致smile效应是阵列封装大功率半导体激光器中普遍存在的问题。为解决这一问题,本文在研究smile效应产生机理的基础上,提出采用错温封装技术和热沉预应力封装技术降低smile效应的措施。以某808nm水平阵列封装半导体激光器为例,采用仿真分析的办法研究了上述技术的可行性和有效性。仿真分析表明,采用传统封装技术,在恢复至室温22℃后,芯片smile值约为39.36μm,采用封装前升高芯片温度至429℃的错温封装技术,可以将smile值降至1.9μm;若采用热沉预应力技术,对热沉的两个端面沿长边方向分别施加190 N的拉力,可以将smile值降至0.35μm。结果表明,这两种封装措施是有效的。错温封装技术和热沉预应力封装技术具有易于实现的优点,其中热沉预应力技术对于各种smile效应类型和不同的smile值都可以调整和修正。     

基于横向热流抑制的半导体激光芯片封装实验研究

为降低半导体激光芯片的慢轴远场发散角,提高其慢轴方向的光束质量,设计了横向热流抑制的封装结构。利用热沉间的物理隔离,削弱了半导体激光芯片慢轴方向上的温度梯度,有效降低了半导体激光芯片慢轴方向的发散角。采用热分析模拟了不同封装结构下芯片发光区的温度分布,并对波长915 nm的窄条宽半导体激光芯片进行封装。实验结果表明,在工作电流15 A,封装在隔离槽长4 mm,脊宽120 μm刻槽热沉上的芯片,其慢轴远场发散角由12.25°降低至10.49°,相应的光参量积（BPP）由5.344 mm·mrad 降低至4.5763 mm·mrad,慢轴方向亮度提升了约5.5%。实验结果表明,横向热流抑制的封装结构可以有效地削弱半导体激光芯片慢轴方向上由热透镜效应引起的高阶模激射,从而降低其慢轴远场发散角。