SiH2Cl2: ab initio anharmonic force field, dipole moments, and infrared vibrational transitions

The vibrational spectra of SiH2Cl2 have been recorded in the 1000-13,000 cm(-1) region, utilizing the Fourier-transform spectroscopy and Fourier-transform intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy. Totally 61 band centers and intensities are derived from the infrared spectra. An ab initio quartic force field is obtained by applying the second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory and correlation-consistent polarized valence triplet-zeta basis sets [J. Chem. Phys. 90, 1007 (1989); 98, 1358 (1993)]. Most observed bands are assigned by the vibration analysis based on the second-order perturbation theory. Reduced-dimensional ab initio dipole moment functions (two dimensional and three dimensional) have also been calculated to investigate the absolute band intensities of the SiH2 chromophore. The calculated values agree reasonably with the observed ones.     

二氟硅烯与甲醛环加成反应机理的理论研究

The mechanism of the cycloadditohn reaction of singlet difluorosilylene with formaldehyde have been studied by RHF/6-311G* gradient method. The electron correlation energy corrections of energies for all the structures were computed using second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory(MP2). The results show that this reaction proceeds via two steps:1)Difluorosilylene and formaldehyde form an intermediate complex, it is an exothermal reaction with no barrier.2) The intermediate complex isomerizes to form the product, after being corrected by zero-point energies, the barrier is 127.28 kJ•mol-1 (MP2/6-311G* 6-311G*).     

Pulsed-field ionization electron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations of copper-diazine complexes

Copper complexes of pyrazine (1,4-C4H4N2), pyrimidine (1,3-C4H4N2), and pyridazine (1,2-C4H4N2) are produced in laser-vaporization supersonic molecular beams and studied by pulsed-field ionization zero electron kinetic energy (ZEKE) spectroscopy and second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory. Both sigma and pi complexes are considered by these ab initio calculations; only sigma structures are identified in these experiments. Adiabatic ionization energies and metal-ligand vibrational frequencies of the sigma complexes are measured from the ZEKE spectra. Metal-ligand bond dissociation energies of these complexes are obtained from a thermochemical cycle. The ionization energies follow the trend of Cu pyridazine (43,054 cm(-1)) < Cu pyrimidine (45,332 cm(-1)) < Cu pyrazine (46,038 cm(-1)); the bond energies are in the order of Cu pyridazine (56.2 kJ mol(-1)) > Cu pyrazine (48.5 kJ mol(-1)) approximately Cu pyrimidine (46.4 kJ mol(-1)). The stronger binding of pyridazine is due to its larger electric dipole moment and possibly bidentate binding.     

Experimental and theoretical studies of the vibrational spectra of cis-1-bromo-2-fluoroethene

The gas-phase infrared spectrum of cis-1-bromo-2-fluoroethene has been studied at low resolution in the range 200-6500 cm(-1), leading to a complete assignment of the fundamentals, except the lowest vibrational mode nu9 predicted at 167 cm(-1). The remaining vibrational structure has been mainly interpreted in terms of first overtone or two quanta combination bands. Isotopic (79/91)Br shift has been observed only in the nu8 fundamental. The equilibrium structure and the quadratic force field have been investigated theoretically at CCSD(T) level of theory employing Dunning's correlation consistent triple-zeta basis set. Cubic and semidiagonal quartic force field have been calculated using second-order M?ller-Plesset perturbation theory and Ahlrich' split valence (SV) contracted basis set. After a minor scaled quantum mechanical (SQM) adjustment of the quadratic force constants, the vibrational analysis, based on the second-order perturbation theory, has been carried out with the calculated force constants.     

Spectroscopy and structures of copper complexes with ethylenediamine and methyl-substituted derivatives

Copper complexes of ethylenediamine (en), N-methylethylenediamine (meen), N,N-dimethylethylenediamine (dmen), N,N,N'-trimethylethylenediamine (tren), and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (tmen) are synthesized in laser-vaporization supersonic molecular beams and studied by pulsed-field ionization zero electron kinetic energy (ZEKE) and photoionization efficiency spectroscopies and second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory. Precise ionization energies and vibrational frequencies of Cu-en, -meen, and -dmen are measured from the ZEKE spectra, and ionization thresholds of Cu-tren and -tmen are estimated from the photoionization efficiency spectra. The measured vibrational modes span a frequency range of 35-1646 cm(-1) and include metal-ligand stretch and bend, hydrogen-bond stretch, and ligand-based torsion. A number of low-energy structures with Cu binding to one or two nitrogen atoms are predicted for each complex by the ab initio calculations. The combination of the spectroscopic measurements and ab initio calculations has identified a hydrogen-bond-stabilized monodentate structure for the Cu-en complex and bidentate cyclic structures for the methyl-substituted derivatives. The change of the Cu binding from the monodentate to the bidentate mode arises from the competition between copper coordination and hydrogen bonding.     

Efficient configuration selection scheme for vibrational second-order perturbation theory

A fast algorithm of vibrational second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory is proposed, enabling a substantial reduction in the number of vibrational self-consistent-field (VSCF) configurations that need to be summed in the calculations. Important configurations are identified a priori by assuming that a reference VSCF wave function is approximated well by harmonic oscillator wave functions and that fifth- and higher-order anharmonicities are negligible. The proposed scheme has reduced the number of VSCF configurations by more than 100 times for formaldehyde, ethylene, and furazan with an error in computed frequencies being not more than a few cm(-1).     

锗烯与乙烯环加成反应的理论研究

用RHF/6-31G^*解析梯度方法研究了单重态锗烯与乙烯环加成反应的机理,用二级微扰方法对各构型的能量进行了相关能校正,并用统计热力学方法和过渡态理论计算了该反应在不同温度下的热力学函数的变化和动力学性质。结果表明,此反应历程由两步组成:1)锗烯与乙烯生成了一中间配合物,是一无势垒的放热反应,2)中间配合物异构化为产物锗杂环丙烷,此步势垒经零点能校正后为26.9kJ.mol^-^1(MP2/6-31G^*//6-31G^*);从热力学和动力学的综合角度考虑,该反应在200-300K温度下进行为宜,如此,反应既有较大的自发趋势和平衡常数,又具有较快的反应速率。     

硅烯与甲醛环加成反应的理论研究

本文用RHF/6-31G^*解析梯度方法研究了单重态硅烯与甲醛环加成反应的机理,用二级微扰方法对各构型的能量进行了相关能校正,并用统计热力学方法和过渡态理论计算了该反应在不同温度下的热力学函数的变化和动力学性质。结果表明,此反应历程由两步组成:1)硅烯与甲醛生成一中间配合物,是一无势垒的放热反应,2)中间配合物异构化为产物,此步势垒经零点能校正后只有51.4kJ·mol^-^1(MP2/6-31G^*//6-31G^*);从热力学和动力学的综合角度考虑,该反应在300～400K温度下进行为宜,如此,反应既有较大的自发趋势和平衡常数,又具有较快的反应速率。     

The water exchange process of tetraaquaplatinum(II): density-functional theory and ab initio computational study

The water exchange process of square planar tetraaquaplatinum(II) was computationally investigated at the Hartree-Fock, density-functional theory (B3LYP, PW91PW91, and mPW1PW91) and the second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory of levels of calculation. The stationary points on the gas phase and on the reaction field potential-energy surface were fully optimized and characterized. The self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) methods were also applied on the same system. The structures and energetic processes of all the species involved were investigated. The kinetic and thermodynamic properties for the gas phase and SCRF model data were compared with the available experimental data. The rate constants in MP2 level of theory and B3LYP isodensity polarized continuum model reaction field are in good agreement with the experimental data.     

PH~3...H~2O体系分子间相互作用的从头计算MO研究

在MP2/6-311++G(3d,3p)水平,对PH~3...H~2O体系可能存在的氢键复合物进行了全自由度能量梯度优化,发现PH~3...H~2O体系存在三个能量极小结构A,B和C。其中结构A和B以H~2O作为质子授体,结构C以PH~3作为质子授体,结构A较结构B和C分别稳定6.52kJ/mol和8.18kJ/mol。结构A具有C~s对称性,其结构中P原子和O原子间距离为354.78nm,键角OHP为171.35ⅲ,属于接近于直线的传统型氢键结构。进一步在高级电子相关校正的MP4SDTQ下,用6-311++G(3df,3pd)基加上键函数{3s3p2d1f},通过BSSE校正,精确计算了结构A的结合能为-10.84kJ/mol。     

High-resolution infrared spectroscopy and ab initio studies of the cyclopropane-carbon dioxide interaction

A jet-cooled high-resolution infrared spectrum of the cyclopropane-carbon dioxide complex was detected for the first time, using a rapid scan infrared spectrometer with an astigmatic multipass sample cell. The spectrum was recorded in the vicinity of the CO2 asymmetric stretching band (nu3) and exhibits a b-dipole selection rule. Altogether, over 200 lines were observed, assigned, and fitted to Watson's S-reduction Hamiltonian. Rotational and quartic distortion constants were obtained. The band origin was located at 2347.6263(2) cm(-1), redshifted by 1.5230(2) cm(-1) from the corresponding frequency of the CO2 monomer. The experimentally determined structure shows that CO2 lies next to a C-C bond edge and is perpendicular to the C3 ring, indicating that the interaction is characterized by the bonding between the carbon atom of CO2 and the pseudo-pi system of cyclopropane. The intermolecular distance between the carbon atom of CO2 and the center of mass of cyclopropane was determined to be 3.667(2) A. Complete ab initio geometry optimizations and harmonic frequency calculations were carried out at the level of second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory with four different basis sets: cc-pVDZ, 6-311++G(d,p), aug-cc-pVDZ, and aug-cc-pVTZ. The lowest-energy structure identified with the three larger basis sets is in accord with the experimental finding. In addition, a transition state was identified and the tunneling barrier height was computed.     

Vibrational spectra and structure of CH3Cl:(H2O)2 and CH3Cl:(D2O)2 complexes. IR matrix isolation and ab initio calculations

The infrared spectra of CH3Cl + H2O isolated in solid neon at low temperature have been investigated. High concentration studies of water (0.01%-4%) and subsequent annealing lead to the formation of the ternary CH3Cl:(H2O)2 complex. Detailed vibrational assignments were made on the observed spectra of water and deuterated water engaged in the complex. In parallel, structural, energetic, and vibrational properties of the complex have been studied at the second-order M?ller-Plesset perturbation theory using several basis sets. Anaharmonic correction to the vibrational frequencies has been done with the standard second-order perturbation approach. It was shown that the ground state of the complex has a cyclic form for which the nonadditive three-body contribution was found to be around 10% of the interaction energy.     

Multireference composite approaches for the accurate study of ground and excited electronic states: C2, N2, and O2

A multireference analog of the correlation consistent composite approach (MR-ccCA) based on complete active space with second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2) has been utilized in an investigation of the ground and valence excited states of C(2), N(2), and O(2). The performance of different second-order multireference perturbation theory methods including second-order n-electron valence state perturbation theory, second-order multireference M?ller-Plesset, and second-order generalized van Vleck perturbation theory has been analyzed as potential alternatives to CASPT2 within MR-ccCA. The MR-ccCA-P predicts spectroscopic constants with overall mean absolute deviations from experimental values of 0.0006 A?, 7.0 cm(-1), and 143 cm(-1) for equilibrium bond length (r(e)), harmonic frequency (ω(e)), and term values (T(e)), respectively, which are comparable to the predictions by more computationally costly multireference configuration interaction-based methods.     

Microwave and theoretical investigation of the internal rotation in m-cresol

The microwave spectrum of m-cresol (3-methylphenol) has been investigated using a molecular beam Fourier transform microwave spectrometer in the frequency range from 3 to 26.5 GHz. The rotation of the hydroxy group into two different unequal energetic minima leads to different spectra for the syn- and anticonformers. Because of a high potential barrier both conformers can be analyzed independently. The methyl group is undergoing an almost free internal rotation which is only hindered by small barriers and splits the vibrational ground state in two states of internal rotation denoted as A and E species. The spacing between the species is found to be up to 10 GHz. The potential for the internal rotation can be determined from the spectra and analyzed in terms of the Fourier components V3 and V6. For syn-m-cresol these parameters were determined as V3=673(3) GHz and V6=-335(24) GHz and for anti-m-cresol V3=95(5) GHz and V6=-416(46) GHz. The barriers to internal rotation were furthermore calculated with second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory and second-order coupled-cluster singles- and-doubles model (CC2) in the electronic ground state and with CC2 in the first excited state. The CC2 method is found to be an appropriate method to calculate potential barriers in electronic excited states of such compounds.     

Mechanistic and kinetic study of the CH3CO + O2 reaction

Potential-energy surface of the CH3CO + O2 reaction has been calculated by ab initio quantum chemistry methods. The geometries were optimized using the second-order Moller-Plesset theory (MP2) with the 6-311G(d,p) basis set and the coupled-cluster theory with single and double excitations (CCSD) with the correlation consistent polarized valence double zeta (cc-pVDZ) basis set. The relative energies were calculated using the Gaussian-3 second-order Moller-Plesset theory with the CCSD/cc-pVDZ geometries. Multireference self-consistent-field and MP2 methods were also employed using the 6-311G(d,p) and 6-311++G(3df,2p) basis sets. Both addition/elimination and direct abstraction mechanisms have been investigated. It was revealed that acetylperoxy radical [CH3C(O)OO] is the initial adduct and the formation of OH and alpha-lactone [CH2CO2(1A')] is the only energetically accessible decomposition channel. The other channels, e.g., abstraction, HO2 + CH2CO, O + CH3CO2, CO + CH3O2, and CO2 + CH3O, are negligible. Multichannel Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus theory and transition state theory (E-resolved) were employed to calculate the overall and individual rate coefficients and the temperature and pressure dependences. Fairly good agreement between theory and experiments has been obtained without any adjustable parameters. It was concluded that at pressures below 3 Torr, OH and CH2CO2(1A') are the major nascent products of the oxidation of acetyl radicals, although CH2CO2(1A') might either undergo unimolecular decomposition to form the final products of CH2O + CO or react with OH and Cl to generate H2O and HCl. The acetylperoxy radicals formed by collisional stabilization are the major products at the elevated pressures. In atmosphere, the yield of acetylperoxy is nearly unity and the contribution of OH is only marginal.     

Theoretical Study on the Mechanism of the Cycloaddition Reaction between Alkylidene Carbene and Ethylene

The mechanism of cycloaddition reaction between singlet alkylidene carbene and ethylene has been investigated with second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2). By using 6-31 G^* basis, geometry optimization, vibrational analysis and energetics have been calculated for the involved stationary points on the potential energy surface. The results show that the title reaction has two major competition channels. An energy-rich intermediate (INT) is firstly formed between alkylidene carbene and ethylene through a barrier-free exothermic reaction of 63.62 kJ/mol, and the intermediate then isomerizes to a three-membered ring product (P 1) and a four-memberd ring product (P2) via transition state TS1 and TS2, in which energy barriers are 47.00 and 51.02 kJ/mol, respectively. P1 is the main product.     

Vibrational analysis of I2*- x nCO2 clusters (n = 1-10): a first principle study on microsolvation

Structure, stability, and vibrational IR and Raman spectra of I(2)(*-) x nCO(2) clusters (n = 1-10) are reported based on first-principle electronic structure calculations. Several close-lying minimum energy structures are predicted for these solvated clusters following the quasi Newton-Raphson procedure of geometry optimization. Search strategy based on Monte-Carlo simulated annealing is also applied to find out the global minimum energy structures of these clusters. Successive addition of solvent CO(2) molecules to the negatively charged diatomic solute, I(2)(*-), is fairly symmetrical. Energy parameters of these solvated clusters are calculated following second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation (MP2) as well as coupled cluster theory with 6-311+G(d) set of basis function (I atom is treated with 6-311G(d) set of basis function). The excess electron in these solvated clusters is observed to be localized mainly over the two I atoms. Average interaction energy between the anionic solute, I(2)(*-), and a solvent CO(2) molecule is approximately 129 meV in I(2)(*-) x nCO(2) clusters, and the average interaction energy between two solvent CO(2) molecules is approximately 85 meV in the case of neutral (CO(2))(n) clusters at MP2 level of theory. IR spectra show similar features in all these solvated clusters, depicting a strong band at approximately 2330 cm(-1) for C-O stretching and a weak band at approximately 650 cm(-1) for CO(2) bending modes. Degeneracy of the bending mode of a free solvent CO(2) unit gets lifted when it interacts with the charged solute I(2)(*-) to form a molecular cluster because of the change in structure of solvent CO(2) units. The vibrational band at the bending region of CO(2) in the Raman spectra of these anionic clusters shows a characteristic feature for the formation of I(2)(*-) x nCO(2) clusters showing a Raman band at approximately 650 cm(-1).     

The origin of deficiency of the supermolecule second-order Moller-Plesset approach for evaluating interaction energies

Calculations for the complex of thymine and adenine are used to show that the supermolecule second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) approach for evaluating interaction energies fails in certain cases because of the behavior of one of its components: the uncoupled Hartree-Fock dispersion energy. A simple approach for correcting the MP2 supermolecule interaction energies is proposed. It focuses on correcting a relatively small difference between the MP2 and coupled cluster interaction energies, which is a very appealing feature of the new approach considering a benchmark role played by coupled cluster results.     

Potential energy surface, van der Waals motions, and vibronic transitions in phenol-argon complex

The structure and intermolecular vibrational energy levels of the phenol-Ar complex are calculated from its potential energy surface. This surface is constructed from a large set of the interaction energy values computed using second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory with the augmented correlation consistent polarized valence double-zeta basis set. The global minimum in the potential energy surface corresponds to a cluster structure with Ar located over the geometric center of the phenol ring at a distance of 3.510 A and shifted by 0.1355 A towards oxygen. The calculated dissociation energy of 371 cm(-1) is in accordance with the experiment. Additional local minima higher in energy are with Ar placed in the phenol plane. However, they are too shallow to form the bound states corresponding to planar isomers. The deformation of the potential energy surface shape, created by the interaction of Ar with the phenolic oxygen, is responsible for a pronounced intermode mixing. As a result, a set of hybrid stretching-bending states appears which cannot be described in terms of the standard models. The intermode coupling is reflected in the vibronic structure of the S1-S0 electronic transition. The intensities of the vibronic bands are calculated from the electronic transition dipole moment surfaces determined using the ab initio single-excitation configuration interaction method. They allow us to correct and complete the assignment of the spectra observed in phenol-Ar, as well as in the analogous complexes of phenol with Kr and Xe.