高分子材料与固体NMR

凝聚态NMR是高分子材料研究中最重要的一项技术,它给出分子水平的信息来解释高分子构象、形态、分子运动与物性的关系。本文简单介绍了在不同领域的高分子固体NMR研究中取得的成果及今后的展望。     

高聚物微观结构的固体NMR研究

核磁共振波谱是研究高聚物结构和动力学的有效手段,特别是固体高分辨NMR实验方法的不断发展及谱仪技术的进步,使这方面的研究不断深入. 文中简述了若干固体高分辨NMR技术在固态高聚物结构研究中的应用和重要进展. 部分实验工作在Varian UNITYplus 400MHz NMR谱仪的固体单元上完成.     

HC-4型固体多核宽线CW-NMR波谱仪

设计和研制了一台用于检测固体中NMR宽谱线、型号为HC-4的CW-NMR波谱仪.谱仪由APPLE-Ⅱ微型计算机控制扫描、信号累加和数据处理.配备了自制的交叉线圈型和魔T型NMR探头和高温(1300K)探头,使谱仪具有较高的检测灵敏度和较强的测量功能,适用于检测固体中多种非质子核的NMR宽谱线及动态NMR测量.本文简要介绍该谱仪的基本结构、系统各部分的技术性能和测量应用的具体实例.     

NMR在固体化石能源中的应用

综述NMR在固体化石能源的科学与技术领域中的应用,各种固态NMR技术,诸如CP、MAS、DD、DNP、TOSS、CRAMPS、NMRI等,均已用于表征化石能源的化学结构,其中以芳碳率与芳氢率作为结构多数最为重要。最近发展中的新方法,例如魔角慢转以及不同结合质子碳的谱编辑技术,展示了从核磁谱取得更多结构信息的前景,NMR可用于研究固体化石能源自然或人工热演化的机理;油气资源潜力的评价;煤在化学加工中性质的预测等。     

New proton conducting materials for technical applications: what can we learn from solid state NMR studies?

Many novel proton conducting materials are based on complex hydrogen bonding networks of amphoteric hydrogen bonded moieties. Solid state NMR provides unique methods to study the properties of such network and specific proton conduction mechanisms in detail. In particular 1H solid state NMR techniques under fast magic angle spinning are powerful tools in this area. Site specific studies of the dynamic behavior via variable temperature 1H MAS measurements provide insight in the thermodynamics of the hydrogen bonding as well as activation energies for the proton transfer between the amphoteric sites. On macroscopic length scales, pulsed field gradient NMR experiments are able to determine the proton mobility and the contribution of different conduction mechanisms. In this article, aspects of recent solid state NMR studies in the field are reviewed and typical experimental methods as well as their possible outcome are discussed.     

多金属氧酸盐TBA3[VW5O19]及TBA4[PVW11O40]的固体核磁共振研究

多金属氧酸盐（简称多酸,Polyoxometalates,POMs)是由处于d⁰电子构型的前过渡金属元素通过共边或共角缩聚而成的金属-氧簇类化合物．由于其具有丰富的分子结构和独特的物理化学性质,已经被广泛应用于功能材料、催化化学和药物化学等领域．其中钒取代的多酸阴离子具有很好的催化活性,特别是对烃类的氧化,它的活性主要受钒取代的数目和钒中心的阴离子环境这两个因素影响．该文利用固体核磁技术分析了一取代钒的两类典型结构中⁵¹V的局域结构和化学环境,以及有机阳离子对多酸阴离子结构的影响,特别是对⁵¹V的化学环境的影响,为研究多酸的催化活性和催化机理提供基本的结构信息．     

固体高分辨DNP CP/MAS探头的研制及DNP实验技术的探讨

介绍了自行研制的用于动态核极化实验的固体高分辨CP/MAS探头,给出了典型含自由基固体样品的DNP增强高分辨NMR谱.并对动态核极化实验中的技术问题进行了讨论,提出了相应的解决方法.     

采用固体NMR研究MPEG-PLA双嵌段共聚物的固态相区结构

采用固体核磁共振方法，研究了AB型聚（L-丙氨酸）聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物(MPEG-b-PLA）的固态微相结构. ¹³C核的交叉极化与直接极化实验表明，MPEG中存在晶态和非晶态两种相区结构，PLA则含有大量的α螺旋与少量的β折叠二级结构. 由交叉极化过程下的¹³C自旋-晶格弛豫时间(T₁)测定结果进一步表明，MPEG链段由于嵌段结构使结晶过程受抑制，结晶度明显下降. PLA链段以结晶态形式存在，并由于大量α螺旋和β折叠有序结构的存在, 链段非常刚性，运动严重受限，而β位甲基因为可以自由旋转，所以运动能力较α位次甲基和羰基强.     

固体核磁共振技术在气体水合物研究中的应用

气体水合物是在低温高压条件下由气体和水形成的笼型化合物,主要有I型,II型和H型3种晶体结构,而固体核磁共振（solid state NMR）是测定其水合指数、笼占有率等结构参数的重要手段. 该文综述了固体核磁共振技术的原理及其在水合物研究中的应用,着重介绍固体核磁共振在水合物结构表征、气体组分的鉴定、结构转化、以及在水合物生成/分解动力学过程监测方面的研究进展. 同时,对其实验方法及测试条件也进行了详细的探讨.     

NASICON型化合物结构的NMR研究

在水热晶化合成一系列NASICON型化合物的基础上,应用固体高分辨³¹P和²⁹Si MAS NMR,研究了几种NASICON化合物的结构,观察其骨架原子P和Si在结构中的状态及分布,并解释了由于在结构中发生取代作用而引起,Si或P的化学位移的变化.     

The 15N and 13C solid state NMR study of intramolecular hydrogen bond in some Schiff's bases

A series of 11 Schiff's bases derived from substituted salicylaldehyde and aliphatic amines has been studied in the solid state by ¹⁵N and ¹³C cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). ¹⁵N CPMAS is especially useful for investigation of the tautomerism in the compounds considered, owing to the large difference in the nitrogen chemical shifts of OH and NH tautomers. In the solid state, three of the compounds examined were shown by ¹⁵N NMR to exist as OH tautomeric forms, and the remaining eight as the corresponding NH forms. This was confirmed by ¹³C CPMAS. The results reported were compared with those obtained in CDCl₃ solutions.     

烃在四种典型活性炭中吸附状态随温度变化的~1H NMR和~2H NMR的研究

本文观察了吸附在四种孔结构活性炭中苯,环已烷和正已烷的~1H NMR和笊代苯的~2H NMR谱线在297～195 κ温度范围内的变化。在室温下被吸附的上述各种化合物的~1H NMR及~2H NMR谱均为一条线宽不同的单峰,且随温度下降而增宽。在~2H NMR谱中发现,当以对数表示的谱线半高宽和绝对温度倒数的直线关系上出现拐点时,同时可观察到固体粉末谱线。除2~#活性炭外,最初出现固体粉末谱的温度大致相同。这暗示粉末谱是毛细管中三维类液体固化的结果。文内就所观察到的现象进行了初步讨论。     

固体NMR在高性能陶瓷研究中的应用

简要介绍了固体核磁共振技术在高性能陶瓷材料研究中的应用,包括粉末原料,陶瓷烧结体,陶瓷纤维以及陶瓷烧结过程中晶界相的研究。     

300 MHz核磁共振频率源的研制

介绍了基于Analog Device公司AD9954设计的数字化频率源,可以实现宽带高频（5 MHz~125 MHz、280 MHz~301 MHz）、高稳定度（1×10^-9）、低相位噪声（301 MHz,≤-127 dBc/Hz@250 kHz offset）频率输出以及频率、相位和幅度的高速切换. 该数字化频率源可应用于300 MHz核磁共振谱仪和磁共振成像仪,可部分取代昂贵的进口频率源. 本文最后给出核磁实验结果.     

镜煤吡啶不溶物及其热解加氢产物的NMR研究

本文对镜煤吡啶不溶物、热解加氢后吡啶及四氢呋喃不溶物进行了固体NMR研究,获得了12种结构参数,并对热解加氢产物中的苯可溶各馏份进行了一维、二维液体NMR研究,归属了其¹³C和¹H谱,计算了各馏份的平均分子结构.     

双齿配位过渡金属化合物化学——Ⅱ.化合物(Et_4N)_2[Ni_2(SC_6H_4O)_2(μ-SC_6H_4OH)_2]和(Ph_4P)_2[Ni_3(SCH(CH_3)CH_2S)_4]·2CH_3CN的核磁共振研究(英文)

测定并分析了化合物(Et4_N)_2[Ni_2(SC_6H_4O)_2(μ-SC_6H_4OH)_2]和(Ph_4P)_2[Ni_3(SCH(CH_3)CH_2S)_4]·2CH_3CN的_1H NMR数据,计算了模拟谱,确认它们在DMSO溶液中仍保持原有固体状态的分子结构,它们的抗磁性质得到~(13)C NMR的证实。     

Solid state (47,49)Ti, (87)Sr and (137)Ba NMR characterisation of mixed barium/strontium titanate perovskites

Solid state ^47,49Ti, ¹³⁷Ba, ⁸⁷Sr NMR spectra have been recorded on Ba_xSr_1−xTiO₃ (0 x 1) perovskite samples prepared by the powder sintering method. Multinuclear solid state NMR shows great potential for characterising such systems since the quadrupolar parameters are very sensitive to any geometric deformation around the studied nucleus. ^47,49Ti NMR powder lineshapes appear strongly influenced by the presence of even a small amount of barium (or strontium) in the coordination second sphere of the probed titanium site: substitution of strontium by barium induces the broadening of the peaks, due to quadrupolar effects, while the isotropic chemical shift increases. ¹³⁷Ba NMR spectra exhibit a distribution of the quadrupolar interaction, that could be tentatively quantified, C_Q increasing with the amount of strontium. Preliminary results were also obtained on ⁸⁷Sr NMR showing behaviour comparable to ¹³⁷Ba NMR, i.e. a broadening of the peaks due to an increasing quadrupolar interaction with the amount of barium distorting the environment of the strontium sites.     

Cross polarization, radio frequency field homogeneity, and circuit balancing in high field solid state NMR probes

Homogeneous radio frequency (RF) fields are important for sensitivity and efficiency of magnetization transfer in solid state NMR experiments. If the fields are inhomogeneous the cross polarization (CP) experiment transfers magnetization in only a thin slice of sample rather than throughout the entire volume. Asymmetric patterns have been observed in plots of the CP signal versus RF field mismatch for an 800 MHz solid-state NMR probe where each channel is resonated in a single-ended mode. A simple model of CP shows these patterns can be reproduced if the RF fields for the two nuclei are centered at different places in the coil. Experimental measurements using B1 field imaging, nutation arrays on extremely short NMR samples, and de-tuning experiments involving disks of copper incrementally moved through the coil support this model of spatially offset RF fields. We have found that resonating the high frequency channel in a double-ended or "balanced" mode can alleviate this field offset problem, and have implemented this in a three-channel solid state NMR probe of our own design.     

Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5P3O12/高分子固体电解质表界面结构与分子运动的固体NMR研究

相对于传统锂离子电池,全固态锂电池具有安全性能高、循环寿命长、能量密度高等优点,是目前锂电池研究领域的热点之一．作为全固态锂电池的核心组成部分,固体电解质是实现全固态锂电池高性能的关键材料．本文设计了一种高分子-锂盐-陶瓷的复合物固体电解质．通过多种固体核磁共振（NMR）方法研究了该材料中高分子-陶瓷的界面层结构和界面高分子链段的分子运动．     

High-Resolution Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy of Steroids and Their Derivatives

Abstract: Steroids are an important class of organic compounds containing a vast array of biologically and physiologically essential molecules. Due to their availability, relatively straightforward derivatizability, and endogeneity, they are widely used in pharmacological applications. The investigation of molecular and physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the solid state is important, because these properties are directly related to their pharmacological activity. Several methods are available for this purpose. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy offers a nondestructive and flexible technique, providing both structural and dynamic information. It can be applied to every solid physical state (both crystalline and amorphous) as well as to materials with different compositions. The current article aims at gathering together some of the recent and most important studies in the area of high-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy of steroids and their derivatives completed with related theoretical reports not forgetting to outline the future remarks.